4-??? ??????????

??????? ??????????????? ?????????????????? ???????.
????????????? : 1-??? ??????????
????????????? : 3-??? ?????????? - 4-??? ?????????? - 5-??? ??????????
???????????? : 300??? 310??? 320??? 330??? 340???
350??? 360??? 370??? 380??? 390???


???? 4?? ???????????? ??????????? ????????? ??????????.
???? 4?? ???????????? ????????? ????????? ??????????.

[1] [2] [3]

4?? ?????????? ???? ?????????? ??????? ?????????????? ??? ???? 301 ???????? ???? 399 ?????? ???????????? ???????????.

???????????? [ ???? ]

  • 337 ? ????????????? I ???????? ???? ???????????? ??????????????.
  • 395 ? ??????????? I ????????. ???? ??????? ??? ???? ?????????? ?????????.

????????????????????? [ ???? ]

??????????? [ ???? ]

  1. The Long Fourth Century 284-450: Continuity and Change in the Later Roman Empire ed. S. McGill, C. Sogno and E. Watts (Cambridge 2008).
  2. "The Maya: Glory and Ruin" . National Geographic Magazine .
  3. Roberts, J: "History of the World". Penguin, 1994.