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???? ?? (Lao Zi ??????? Lao Tsu ??????? ???????????) ^[1] ???????? ?????????? ????????????????? ??????. ???????, ???? ?????????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????????????????????. ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????????????? ?????????????.

???? ?? ????? ??????? ??????????? ??????????? ??? ??????? ????????????? ??.?? ????? ????????????? ???? ?????? (Sima Qian) ???? ???????? ?????????? " ?????????????? ????????????? ????? ???????? " ???? ????????????? ?????????????????. ???? ??????? ??????????????, ???? ?? ??.?? 6 ?????? 5 ??? ???????????? ?????????????? ?????????????? ??????????????. ????? ??? ???????? ????????? ????? ?? (李) ??????????. ????? ????????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????. ???? ?? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??????????. ???? ??? ?????????? ??? ?????????, ?? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????? ????????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????????? ?????????????????. ???? ?? ?????? ????? ????????? ?????. ??? ”????? ????” ???? ??????????? ??? ????????????? ?????. ^[2]

??? ?????? ???????????????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ??????, ?????? ????????? ?????????????? ????????????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ????????????. ???????????? ?????????? ??????????? ??????? (Yinxi) ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????????????? ???????????. ????????, ???? ?? 2000 ?????????????? ?????? ??????????? ??? ?????????? ?????????, ????? ???? ???? (????????? "???") ??????? ?? (???? "????????????") ?????? ????? ???????????? ????????????: ???? ????? ???? ?? ???? (Tao Te Ching - 道德經) ????? ????????????????. ^[3] ?????? ???? ?????? ???, ???? ???????????? ??? ???????????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ???????????? ????????????????. ?????? ????????? ???? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????? ???????. ????????? ???? ???????????? ?????????? ??????????? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ???? ????????????????. ???? ???? 6 ????? ???????????? ?????????? ??? ???? ?????????.

???? ?????? ?????????? ?????????? ????????? ???????????. ???? ?????????, ??????????? , ?????????? ???????? ????????? ????????????????. ???????? , ?????? , ??????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ???????????? ???? ???????? ?????????, ????????? ??? ???????? ?????????????? ??????????. ??????? ??????????????, ???????????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????????????? ?????????????? ????????????????????.

???? ?? ???? [ ???? ]

???? ?? ???? ???? ???????????? ???? ?? ????????? ??? ????? ?? ??????????????. ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ????????? ???? ?? ??????? (???????? ??????) ??????????????? ?????????? ???? ????????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???????????? ????????????. ???? ????????? ???? ?? ???? ???????????????????? ????? ??????????????. ???????, ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ”???????????? ???? ????????? ???? ????” ??????? ????????????. ???? ????? ???? ???????? ????????????? ?????????. ???? ????? ”??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????????” ????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??????. ??? ?????????? ??????? ??? ????????????? ?????????. ???? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????????????????. ???????????? ?????? ??????? ????????????????? ??????? ????????????? ????????????. ???? ?? ???? ??????? ???????????? ”????” ????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ???????????????. ???????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ??????????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????????? ????? ????????????????????? ??? ??????????. ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ?????????????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???????????? ??? ?????????? ???????????? ??????????????. ^[4] ??????? ??? ???????????? ????? ???? ??????????????? ?????????????? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???????????. ^[5]^[6] ?????????? ???????? ?????????? ????????????? ???????, ?????? ??????????, ????????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ?????????. ^[2]

???? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????, ?????????????? ???????? ??????? ????????????????????. ???? ???????, ??????, ??????, ???????? ????? ??????? ?????????. ??????, ?????????, ??????, ????????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ????????. ????, ?????????, ???????? ???????? ?????????????? ?????? ???????????? ????? ??????????? ??? ?????????. ????????????, ????????, ????, ??? ?????? ?????????? ??????????, ?????????? ???????? ???????, ????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????? ???? ?????? ???????? ????????????????. ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????????????????????. ^[7]

???? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ????????? ????? ?????? ?????????????? ?????????????? ???????????????. ?????, ??????????????? ?????, ???????????, ??????????????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???. ???? "????????? ?????? ??????????????????? ???????????? ????????" ????????? ????????????????. ??? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????????????? ??????? ???????????????? ???????? ???????????? ?????? ??? ???????? ????????. ???? ??????? ???, ?????????, ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ???? ?????? ???????????, ??????????? ???? ???????? ????????. ^[8]

???? ?????? ???????? [ ???? ]

???????????? ????? ?????????????? ????????????????
??????? ????? ?????????????? ???????? ?????.
?????????? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????, ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??????.
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??????????????, ??????????????? ???????? ???, ???????????? ?????????? ?????? ???????????????? ???????? ??????????? ?????????????? ???? ????? ????????
??????? ??? ??? ???????????. ??? ?????? ??????????? ?????????, ??? ??? ???????????. ??? ?????? ??????????? ?????????, ????? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ?????????. ??? ??????? ?????? ??????????????? ??????????????? ????????. ???? ????, ??? ?????? ????????? ?????????????? ????????????. ??? ?????, ????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ???????, ????????, ??????? ????????.
??? ??? ?????????? ?????????, ??????????? ???????????? ??????????.
??????????? ???????? ????????.
??????????? ?????? ???????????? ?????????? ??? ????????.
????????????? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ??????. ??? 1) ?????, 2) ??????, 3) ????? - ??? ???????? ???????????? ??????????
???? ??????????? ?????? ??????????. ?????, ???? ?????? ????????.
??????????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ????? ???????????? ????????.
???????? ?????? ??????? ???????????????. ????? ??????? ??????? ??????
????? ????????? ?????? ?????????????????.
???? ??? ?????????????????? ?????? ????????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????. ^[2]^[9]^[10]

???? ?? - ????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????? [ ???? ]

???????? ??????????????? ???? ??????????? ???????? ??????, ??? ?????????? ?????????????????? ???????? ????? ??????????, ?????????? ????? ?????????????, ????????? ???? ?? ??????? ???????? ???????????????? ?????????? ????????? ????????. ?????????? ???????????????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????. ???????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ???????????? ??????????????. ???? ?????? ???????? (????) ???? ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ????????????? ??????????? ??????????? ????????? ????? ???????? ??????????????.

???? ?????? ??????????? ????????????????? ??????? ????????????? ????????????????? ???????????????? ?????? ???????, ???? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ????????????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??????????? ??????? ??????????????? ????????????????. ??? ???????????? ???????, ?????????? ????????? ?????????? ????????????????? ???????? ????????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????????????????. ^[11] ???? ?? ???????????????? ???? (limited government) ????????? (????????? ?????????. ^[12] ???????? ????? ????????????? ???? ?? ???? ?????????????? ??????????????????????. ???????? ???????? ????? ???????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ???????, 1937 ??? ??????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ???????, ?????????? "????????? ?????" ??????? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ???????????? ??????????????? ????? ???? ????????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????????? ????????????????. ^[13] ?????????, ???? ?? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??. ?? ?????? ????? ???????? ????????????????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ????????????? ???????? ??????? ????? ????????? ???? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???????????????. ^[14]

?????? ????? [ ???? ]

??????????? [ ???? ]

↑ "Lao-tzu" . Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary .
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Michael H. Hart (1992). The 100 . New York: Kensington Publishing Corporation. pp. 363?366. ??????????? ?????????? ??? 0-8065-1350-0 .
↑ Alan Chan (15 December 2001). "Laozi" . Stanfor Encyclopedia of Philosophy . ????????????? ???? 29 ?????????? 2017 . {{ cite web }}: Check date values in: |accessdate= ( help )
↑ ( Kohn & Lafargue 1998 , ?. 14, 17, 54?55)
↑ ( Simpkins & Simpkins 1999 , ?. 12?13)
↑ ( Morgan 2001 , ?. 224?25)
↑ ??? (24 ????? 2016). "???? ?? ????: ?????????????? ??? ????" . ??????? . ?? ????? . ????????????? ???? 22 ?????? 2017 . {{ cite web }}: Check date values in: |accessdate= ( help )
↑ "Tao Te Ching" . shmoop premium . ????????????? ???? 30 ?????????? 2017 . {{ cite web }}: Check date values in: |accessdate= ( help )
↑ "10 Life Changing Lessons To Learn From Lao Tzu" . Power of Positivity . ????????????? ???? 30 ?????????? 2017 . {{ cite web }}: Check date values in: |accessdate= ( help )
↑ "Tao Te Ching Quotes" . Goodreads . ????????????? ???? 30 ?????????? 2017 . {{ cite web }}: Check date values in: |accessdate= ( help )
↑ ( Roberts 2001 , ?. 1?2)
↑ Dorn, James A. (2008). " Lao Tzu (c. 600 B.C.) ". The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism . Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE ; Cato Institute . 282?83. DOI : 10.4135/9781412965811.n169 . ??????????? ?????????? ??? 978-1-4129-6580-4 . ?????? ????? ???? ????? 750831024 .
↑ ( Black Rose Books 1997 , ?. 256, 82)
↑ Clark, John P. "Master Lao and the Anarchist Prince" . Archived from the original on 2017-10-20 . ????????????? ???? 2017-10-01 .

[Lao-tzu-1] "Lao-tzu" . Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary .

[Michael_H._Hart_1992_363-366-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Michael H. Hart (1992). The 100 . New York: Kensington Publishing Corporation. pp. 363?366. ??????????? ?????????? ??? 0-8065-1350-0 .

[3] Alan Chan (15 December 2001). "Laozi" . Stanfor Encyclopedia of Philosophy . ????????????? ???? 29 ?????????? 2017 . {{ cite web }}: Check date values in: |accessdate= ( help )

[4] ( Kohn & Lafargue 1998 , ?. 14, 17, 54?55)

[Simpkins_1999_pp_12-13-5] ( Simpkins & Simpkins 1999 , ?. 12?13)

[6] ( Morgan 2001 , ?. 224?25)

[7] ??? (24 ????? 2016). "???? ?? ????: ?????????????? ??? ????" . ??????? . ?? ????? . ????????????? ???? 22 ?????? 2017 . {{ cite web }}: Check date values in: |accessdate= ( help )

[8] "Tao Te Ching" . shmoop premium . ????????????? ???? 30 ?????????? 2017 . {{ cite web }}: Check date values in: |accessdate= ( help )

[9] "10 Life Changing Lessons To Learn From Lao Tzu" . Power of Positivity . ????????????? ???? 30 ?????????? 2017 . {{ cite web }}: Check date values in: |accessdate= ( help )

[10] "Tao Te Ching Quotes" . Goodreads . ????????????? ???? 30 ?????????? 2017 . {{ cite web }}: Check date values in: |accessdate= ( help )

[11] ( Roberts 2001 , ?. 1?2)

[12] Dorn, James A. (2008). " Lao Tzu (c. 600 B.C.) ". The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism . Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE ; Cato Institute . 282?83. DOI : 10.4135/9781412965811.n169 . ??????????? ?????????? ??? 978-1-4129-6580-4 . ?????? ????? ???? ????? 750831024 .

[13] ( Black Rose Books 1997 , ?. 256, 82)

[14] Clark, John P. "Master Lao and the Anarchist Prince" . Archived from the original on 2017-10-20 . ????????????? ???? 2017-10-01 .

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