?????? ???????

??????? ??????????????? ?????????????????? ???????.

?????? ???? " ?. ??. " ??????? ( Eugene Paul "E. P." Wigner ?????????? : Wigner Jen? Pal   ]  ; ??????? 17, 1902 ????? ????? 1, 1995) ??? ????????-???????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????? ???????????? ?????. 1963 ??? ??????? ?????????????? ????? ??????? ???????? " ???????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ??????????????? ????? ??????????????????, ???????? ????? ????? ?????????????.". [1]

?????????? ??????????? ????????????????? ?????? ??????, ??????? ?????? ?????????????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????? ???? ????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????????????? , ??????????? ????????????????? ?????? ???????????????????? ?????????????. ????? ?????????? ??????????? ???????????????????? ???? ????????? ?????????????.

????? ??? ???????? [ ???? ]

??????? ???? ???? 1902 ??? ????? ??????? 17 ??? ???? ?????????-??????????? ???????????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???????????? ???????? (?????????) ??????? ???? ???? ????????????? ?????????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ?????????. ???????? ???????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????????????? ??? ???? ?????? ???????. [2] ??????? ??????????? ???????????? ????????????? ???? ?????????? ????????. [2]

1920 ??? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ????? ?????, ??????? ?????????? ??????????? ???????? ????????????????? ??????????. ??? ???????? ?? ????????????????. [2] 1921 ??? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????????? (??????? ???????? ??????????? ????????????????? ??????????.????? ???? ????????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ?????????. [3] ??????? ??????? ???????????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????? ???????????????????? ?????? ????????. ????? ?????? ???????? , ?????? ???? ???? , ???????? ??????????, ??????? ??????????? , ??????? ??????????, ?????????? ???? ??????? ???????? ????????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ????????? . [4] ??????? ???????????? ?? ???????????????? ????? ???????????. ????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ??????. [5] ??????? ????? ?????????? ????????????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ?????????? (??????? ????????? ????? ????????????? ) ??? ?????????????. ????? ???? ???????? ????? ????????? ???????????.

??????? ???????? [ ???? ]

1963 ??? ??????? ??????????? ?????????????? ????? ????? ????????????? " ???????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ??????????????? ?????????????????? ???????? ?????????????. [1] ???? 1950 ??? ???????????? ?????????????, [6] 1958 ??? ??????? ??????? ??????????, [7] ?????????? ?????? ?????????? , [8] 1961 ??? ?????? ???????? ????????????? , [9] ????? ????????????? ????????. [10] 1972 ??? ???????? ????????? ??????, [11] ??????? 1978 ??? ???????????? ??????? ??????? . [12] 1968 ??? ???? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????????. [13]

?????? [ ???? ]

1963 ??? ??????? ???? ?????????????? ????? ??????? ???????? " ???????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ??????????????? ????? ??????????????????, ???????? ????? ????? ?????????????.". [1]

????????? [ ???? ]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1963" . Nobel Foundation . ????????????? ???? May 19, 2015 .
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Szanton 1992 .
  3. ↑ Szanton 1992 , ?. 64?65.
  4. ↑ Szanton 1992 , ?. 68?75.
  5. ↑ Szanton 1992 , ?. 93?94.
  6. ↑ "Eugene P. Wigner" . The Franklin Institute. 2014-01-15 . ????????????? ???? May 19, 2015 .
  7. ↑ "Eugene P. Wigner, 1958" . United States Department of Energy Office of Science . ????????????? ???? May 19, 2015 .
  8. ↑ "Guide to Atoms for Peace Awards Records MC.0010" . Massachusetts Institute of Technology . Archived from the original on ?????? 5, 2015 . ????????????? ???? May 19, 2015 . {{ cite web }} : Check date values in: |archive-date= ( help )
  9. ↑ "Preistrager Max Planck nach Jahren" (in German). Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft. Archived from the original on September 23, 2015 . ????????????? ???? May 19, 2015 . {{ cite web }} : CS1 maint: unrecognized language ( link )
  10. ↑ "The President's National Medal of Science: Recipient Details" . United States National Science Foundation . ????????????? ???? May 19, 2015 .
  11. ↑ "Eugene P. Wigner" . Princeton University .
  12. ↑ "The Wigner Medal" . University of Texas . ????????????? ???? May 19, 2015 .
  13. ↑ "Josiah Willard Gibbs Lectures" . American Mathematical Society . ????????????? ???? May 15, 2015 .
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