??????? ??. ????????? (??. ???????? 11 , 1951 ) ???????????? ???????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????. ???? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ( The World's Writing Systems ??????? ???? 1996?? ?????????????. ????? " ??????? " ("abjad") ??????? ????, " ??????? " (abugida) ??????? ???? ??????? ????????? ????? ??????? ?????????????. ??????? ??????? ???? ????????????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? (????????????) ???????. ????? ?????????????????????? ??? ???????????? ????????. ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????????, ????????????, ??????? ????????? ???????????? ????? ????????. ?????, ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????????? ??????. ???????, ????????? (alphabet) ???? ?????? ??????????????????, ??????????????????? ??????? (????????? ???????????? ????????) ????? ????. ?????? ????????????? ????????. ???? ?????????????? ???????????? ??????? ?????????????? ????? ??????????? ?????? ??????????????? ?????????.

??????????? [ ???? ]

• Peter T. Daniels, William Bright: The World's Writing Systems , Oxford University Press 1996, ??????????? ?????????? ??? 0-19-507993-0

???? ?????????? [ ???? ]

• ?????????? ???????? ??????? ????????????? ??????? ??. ????????? ????? ????????????? 2007-08-15 at the ??????? ?????????