????? ???????????? ??????? ?? ???????????? ?????? ?????????????? ???????????? ???
55??? ????????????
???
???	????? ( ?????? ?????????????? ???????????? )
?????
??????????? ?????	?????? ??????, ??????? ???????????? ?????????? 1, 2011 ?????
????? ??????? ??????	????????? ???? ?????, ?????????????? ????? 7, 2013 ?????
????? ??????? ??????	??????????? ?????? ?????, ??????????? ?? 11, 2010 ?????
??????????
?????????????	760 (+52 ???????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????????????????) [1]
??????? ?????????	????????????? ???????? ????      ?????????????? ????? (213)      ?????? ????????????? (90) ??????????      ?????? ????? (222) ???? ?????????????      ?????????????? ??????????? ????? (4)      ???????? ??????????? ????? (3)      ?????? ???????? ?????????? ????? (3)      ?????? ?????? (2)      ??????? ???????????? (178)      ???? ?????????? (25)      Lab Ind (1)      Con Ind (1)      Ind Lab (1)      Ind Lib (1)      Non-affiliated (17)
???????	????? ??????????, ????? ???????? ??????????????.
?????? ????
?????????? ??? ????? ??????????????? ??????? ??????????????? ??????? ?????? ??????????
?????????
http://www.parliament.uk/lords/

?????????? ??? ( House of Lords ) ?????? ?????????????? ???????????????? ????? ?????. ???? ??????? (???????) ????? ??????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?????????.

?????????? ??? ????????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????????????????; ????????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ?????????????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ?????. ^[2] ???? ???????????? ??? ???????? ???? ????????? ??????????????????; ?????????? ??? ??????????????? ????????????? ????????????. ?????????? ??????? ???? ?????, ??????? ?????????????? ?????? ??????????, ?????????? ??? ?????? ?????, ??????.

?????????? ??? ????????????? ??????? ????? ?????????????????????????:

• 2 ????????????? ????????? ???????????? ????????????????????? - ???????? ?????? ??????? ???????????? ???????, ??????????? (???????? ??? ?????????? ???????????? ????????????).
• 90 ????????????? ??????? ???????? - ???????? ??????????? ?????? ??? ???????????? ???????????? ??????????????.
• ???? ????????????? ???????? ????????????? - 1958???? ???????? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ??????????. ?????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ???????? ????????????? ?????????????? ????? ???????????? ????.
• ??????????? ????????????? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ?????????? - ??????? ????????? ?????????? ??????????????? (Lords Spiritual).

?????? ?????????? [ ???? ]

?????????? ??????? ?? ????????????? ?????? ???????????? ???????????????. ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????????????????? ???????????; ??????? ???????????? ?????????????????. ?????????????? ???????????? ?????????? ????? ????? ??????????????????? ?????????? ??????????????????? ????? ???? ??????? ???????????????????? ???????? ????????.

????????????? [ ???? ]

???? ?????????? [ ???? ]

??????????????? ?????? ???????????????????: UK Constitution and Government

???????????? ???????????? ,
?????????? ???
???????? ???????? ?????.

?????????????? ?????????, ??? ????????????????? ?????: ?????????? ???

• Official House of Lords website
• Official House of Lords publications website ????????????? 2013-03-03 at the ??????? ?????????
• Archives of the House of Lords
• Guide to the Lords from the ??????
• History of Parliament
• House of Lords at BBC News Democracy Live
• The Parliament of the United Kingdom. Parliament Live TV.
• Website for Labour members of the House of Lords
• Summary ????????????? 2010-07-22 at the ??????? ????????? of House of Lords debate on proposals for reform 29 June 2010