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அலுவல் சின்னம் பாஸ்டன் நகரம்
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Location in Suffolk County in Massachusetts, USA
Location in Suffolk County in Massachusetts, USA
???? ?????? ?????????
??????? ???????????
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Settled 1630
Incorporated (city) 1822
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 ? ????? ????? ??????
????????
 ?  ????? 89.6 sq mi (232.1 km 2 )
 ? ????? 48.4 sq mi (125.4 km 2 )
 ? ???? 41.2 sq mi (106.7 km 2 )
 ? ???????
4,511.5 sq mi (11,684.7 km 2 )
??????
141 ft (43 m)
??????????
  (2006) [1] [2]
 ?  ????? 5,90,763
 ? ???????? 12,327/sq mi (4,815/km 2 )
 ?  ???????????
43,13,000
 ?  ????????
44,55,217
??? ????? ????-5 ( Eastern )
 ? ???? ( ????? ) ????-4 ( Eastern )
Area code 617 / 857
FIPS 25-07000
GNIS feature ID 0617565
???????? www.cityofboston.gov

??????? (?????? ??????: ??????? ) ????????????? ????????????? ??????????? ???????? ?????. ????????????????? ?????? ????????????? ????????????? ??????????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????????????. [3] ??????????????? ??????? ???? 1999??? ????????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????????????? ??????????????? ????????. 48 ???? ??????? (124 km 2 ) ?????????? ?????????? ???? ????????? ?????????? 2014??? 655,884 ???? [4] ???? ????????????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ??????. ?????? ????????????? 24??? ????? ?????? ??????. [5] ???? ???????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? 4.7 ?????????? ??????. [6]

?????? ????????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ???????, ?????? ???????????? 1630??? ??????????????????? ????????????? ???????????????? ?????????????. [7] [8] ??????? ??????? , ??????? ?????? ??????????? , ?????? ???? ????? , ??????? ???????? ????? ?????????? ??????????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ????? ??????????????. ????? ??????????????????????? ????????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ????????? ?????????????? ????????? ?????????? ??????????; ????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????. [9] [10] ????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????????????????????? ??????????? ??????????. ?????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ??????????; ??????? ????? ??????? ????????? 20 ??????????????? ?????????? ??????? ????????????. [11] ????????? ???? ?????? ????????????? ????? ?????? ?????, ??????? ???????? ????? (1635), [12] ????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? (1897), [13] ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? (1634) ???????.

??????????????? ?? ???????????? ?????????????????? ??????? ?????????????? ????????? ?????? ???????????. ?????? , ?????????? , ????????? , ??????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????????????. ??????????????????? ?????? ???????????? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ??????????????. [14] [15] ????????? ??????????????? ???????, [16] ?????????? ???? ???????, ??????? ????????????? , ????? ????????????? , ??????? ???? ???????????? ?????????? ?????. [17] ???????? ???????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????????????????; [18] ??????????? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ??????????? ???????? ???????????. [19] ?????? ??????????? ????? ????????????? ????????????? ??????????? [20] ?????? ??????????????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????????????. [21]

??????????? [ ???? ]

  1. ↑ "Annual Estimates of the Population of Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas: ?????? 1, 2000 to July 1, 2006" . U.S. Census Bureau. 2006 . ????????????? ???? 2007-03-20 .
  2. ↑ "2007 Census Estimates" . U.S. Census Bureau. 2006 . ????????????? ???? 2007-03-25 .
  3. ↑ "Population and Housing Occupancy Status: 2010 ? State ? County Subdivision 2010 Census Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171) Summary File" . United States Census Bureau. 2010 . ????????????? ???? March 4, 2013 .
  4. ↑ Data Access and Dissemination Systems (DADS). "American FactFinder - Results" . Archived from the original on 2015-05-21 . ????????????? ???? 2016-05-04 .
  5. ↑ ???? ??????: ??????? <ref> ??????????; 2010census ??????? ??????? ???? ref ???????????????? ????????? ???????????????
  6. ↑ ???? ??????: ??????? <ref> ??????????; Metro population ??????? ??????? ???? ref ???????????????? ????????? ???????????????
  7. ↑ Banner, David. "Boston History ? The History of Boston, Massachusetts" . SearchBoston. Archived from the original on 2009-03-15 . ????????????? ???? ?????? 20, 2009 . {{ cite web }} : Check date values in: |accessdate= ( help )
  8. ↑ Kennedy 1994 , ?. 11?12.
  9. ↑ "About Boston" . City of Boston . ????????????? ???? May 1, 2016 .
  10. ↑ Morris 2005 , ?. 8.
  11. ↑ "Top 25 Most Visited Tourist Destinations in America" . The Travelers Zone. May 10, 2008 . ????????????? ???? February 14, 2013 .
  12. ↑ "BPS at a Glance" . Boston Public Schools. March 14, 2007. Archived from the original on ?????? 3, 2007 . ????????????? ???? ?????? 28, 2007 . {{ cite web }} : Check date values in: |accessdate= and |archivedate= ( help )
  13. ↑ Hull 2011 , ?. 42.
  14. ↑ "Venture Investment - Regional Aggregate Data" . National Venture Capital Association and PricewaterhouseCoopers. Archived from the original on 2016-04-08 . ????????????? ???? ?????? 22, 2016 . {{ cite web }} : Check date values in: |accessdate= ( help )
  15. ↑ Kirsner, Scott (July 20, 2010). "Boston is #1 ... But will we hold on to the top spot? ? Innovation Economy" . The Boston Globe . http://www.boston.com/business/technology/innoeco/2010/07/boston_is_1but_will_we_hold_on.html . ??????? ????: August 30, 2010 .  
  16. ↑ Yeandle, Mark (March 2011). "The Global Financial Centres Index 9" (PDF) . The Z/Yen Group . p. 4. Archived from the original (PDF) on ???????? 14, 2012 . ????????????? ???? January 31, 2013 .
  17. ↑ "The Boston Economy in 2010" (PDF) . Boston Redevelopment Authority. January 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 30, 2012 . ????????????? ???? March 5, 2013 .
  18. ↑ "Transfer of Wealth in Boston" (PDF) . The Boston Foundation . March 2013 . ????????????? ???? December 6, 2015 .
  19. ↑ "Boston Ranked Most Energy-Efficient City in the United States" . City Government of Boston. September 18, 2013. Archived from the original on ?????? 30, 2019 . ????????????? ???? December 6, 2015 . {{ cite web }} : Check date values in: |archive-date= ( help )
  20. ↑ "Quality of Living global city rankings 2010 ? Mercer survey" . Mercer . May 26, 2010. Archived from the original on August 12, 2011 . ????????????? ???? August 20, 2011 .
  21. ↑ Heudorfer, Bonnie; Bluestone, Barry (2004). "The Greater Boston Housing Report Card" . Center for Urban and Regional Policy (CURP), Northeastern University. p. 6. Archived from the original (PDF) on ???????? 25, 2012 . ????????????? ???? February 19, 2007 . {{ cite web }} : Check date values in: |archive-date= ( help ) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link )
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