?????????????? ???????

?????????????? ???????
?????????????? ???????
	???????????? ??? ???????????? ????

?????????????? ??????? (women in Pakistan) ??????????? ???? ????????? ???????? ??????? ????????, ??????????????? ??????? ???????????? ???? ???????????? ??????? ??????? ??????????, ?????????????? ??????? ?????????? / ????????? ????? ??????????? ??????? ???????????? ???????? , ?????????????? ????????? ???? ??????? ????? ????????? ?????????. ^[1] 1980 ????? ????-???-??? ??????????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????????????? ???? ?? ???? ?????????, ?????????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????????????. ??????? ?????????????? ??????????????????? ??? ?????? ????????? ????????? ??.???.? ??????????? ?????????? ???????????????????. ??????? ???????????? ???? ??????? ?????????? " ????? ??????? " ????????? ??????????? ???????????. ^[2] ???????????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ???????????? ????????????? ?????? ???????????????? ???? ????????????? ????????????????. ^[3] ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????? ????????? ??????? , ????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ????????????? ????????????????. ^[4]

???? ?????????????? ???, ?????? ????????? ???????????? ??????? ???? ?????????????? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ????????????? ??????? ?????.

?????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ?????????????? ??????. ?????????????? ???????????? ???????????? ????????????? ???????? ??????????? ??????????????? (???. 25 (2) "????? ???????????? ???? ?????????? ??????????????" ????? ?????????) ????? ??????????????? ???????? ??????????? ??????????????? (?????????? 3 ?. - ?????? ?????? ?????????? ). ^[5] ??????????????, ??????? ??????? , ????? ???????? ????????? , ?????????????? ??????, ???????? ?????? ???????????, ??????????, ??????? ?????????????? ?????????????? ????????? ???????????? ???????? ???? ??????? ????????????? . ????? ?????? ?????? ??????, ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????????.

?????? [ ???? ]

???????? ???????, ????? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ?????????????????? ??????????? ????????? ????????????, ????? ?????? ????????????????? , ????????? ????? ??????? ???? ???????? ???????? ????????? ?????????. ^[1] ?????????????? ???????? ???????? ??? ?????? , ??????? ???? ?????????? ????????????? ?????????????? ????????????. ?????????????? ?????????????????? ?????, ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????????? ???????????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ??????????? ?????? ????-????????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ????????.

1940????? ?????????????? ??????? ???????????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ???????????? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ????????????????????. ????????? ????????????? ??????? ???????????????? ???????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ????? ?????????. ??????? ??? ?????????? ????? ??????? ???? ???????????????? ????????????????????. 1947???? ??????? ????????? ???? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ????????????? ?????? ????????. ??? ????????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????????. ^[6]

?? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??????????. ???????? ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????????? ???????? ??????????????? ????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??????? 1935??? ??????????. ????????????? ??????????? 1947??? ?????????????? ?????????????, ^[7] ???????? ?????????????? ???? 1956??? ????? ????? ???????????? ????????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????????????????. ???????????????? ???????????? ??????? ?????????? 1956 ????? 1973 ??? ?????????????? ???????????? ?????? ????????? ????????.

?????? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ????????????????, ?????????????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????????????. ???????????, ???? ????????? ??????????????, 1950-60 ??????????????, ?? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????????. ?????? ???????????? ????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ?????????? (??????? ????? ????) ????? ?????? ????????? 1959 ??? ???????????, ?????? ???????????? (??????? ????????) ??????????? 43/12-??? ??????????? ???????????????? ?????? ????????. 1961 ???????? ??????? ???? ??????, ^[8] ??????????????????? ????????, ??????????, ????? ???? ??? ???????????? ??????? ??? ??????????????? ???? ??????? ????????????? ??????????.

????????? ??? ?????? ???? [ ???? ]

????????? ??? ?????????? ?????????? (1970-1977) ??????? ????? ????? ??????????????? ?????????. ?????? ??????? ?????????????????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ???? (?????? ????????) ???????? ??????? ???? ????????? ??????????? ?????????????. ????? ?????????????? ?????? 10% ?????????, ????? ???????? 5% ????????? ??????????? ?????????????. ???? ????????????? ???????????????? ???? ??????? ?????. ?????????????, ????????????? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ???????? ????? ??????? ????????? ???? ??????????? ?????????????? ???? ????????? ??????????????? ?????? ????????. ^[9]

1973??? ?????????????????? ???????????? ?????????????? ????? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ??????????????. ???????????? "????? ???????????? ??????? ???? ?????????? ??????????????" ????? ?????????. ???????????? ???????? ????????, ?????????, ???? ??????? ??????????? ?????????????? "????? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ????????? ???? ??????????????" ????? ?????????. . ^[10] ?????????????, ?? ?????????? "??????????? ?????????" ?????????????????, ???????????? ??????? ???????? ???????????????????. ???????????? ?????????? ???? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??????????????? ?????????? ??????????????. ^[11]

1975??? ???????, ???????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????????? ?????????????? ??????? ??? ????????????? ?????????? ??????????. ??? ????? ???????????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???????????????? ???????????.

????-???-??????? ?????? ????? [ ???? ]

???????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???-??? , 1977 ???? 5, ????? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ??????????????????? ????????? ??? ?????? ??????????? ????????????????. ?????? ????-???-??????? (1977-1986) ???????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????????????? ?????????. ????????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ?????????, ??????? ????????? ???? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ????????? ??????????????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????? ?? ???????????? ????????. ?????? ??????????? ???????????? ???????????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ???????????????????. ???? ????????? ???? ?????? ????????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ?????????? 28 ?????????? ??????? ????????????? ???? ?????????? ????????????????. ?????? ??????????? ????????????? ??????? ??????? "????????? ?????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????????? ????????????". ^[12] 1981 ??? ???????, ?????? ????-???-??? ???????-?-?????? (?????????? ???????? ????) ???????????????. ?????? ????? 20 ??????? ?????????????????? ??????????. ??????????? ???????-?-?????????? ????????? ???? ???? ???????? ?????. ^[13] 1985??? ???????, ????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ??????????????????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ???????????? ??????????? (20 ???????) ?????????????????.

?????? ????? [ ???? ]

??????????? [ ???? ]

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 "Pakistan: Status of Women & the Women's Movement" . Womenshistory.about.com. 28 July 2001 . ????????????? ???? 2012-01-24 .
↑ "Pakistan Ulemas Reject Honor Killings" . 31 May 2014. Archived from the original on 13 July 2015.
↑ "Lady wardens to manage Lahore city traffic" . 28 March 2014. Archived from the original on 12 July 2015.
↑ "Pakistani police seeks to recruit more women" . Aljazeera.com . 7 January 2014.
↑ "The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan" . National Assembly of Pakistan. April 20, 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on ???????? 26, 2018 . ????????????? ???? ?????? 30, 2020 . {{ cite web }}: Check date values in: |access-date= and |archive-date= ( help )
↑ Azra Asghar Ali (April 1999). "Indian Muslim Women's Suffrage Campaign: Personal Dilemma and Communal Identity 1919?47". Journal of the Pakistan Historical Society 47 (2).
↑ Jone Johnson Lewis. "Woman Suffrage Timeline International" . ????????????? ???? 2007-01-07 .
↑ "The Muslim Family Laws Ordinance 1961" . punjablaws.gov.pk . ????????????? ???? 2016-10-26 .
↑ Mariam S. Pal (2000). Women in Pakistan: Country Briefing Paper (PDF) . Asian Development Bank. ??????????? ?????????? ??? 978-971-561-297-5 . Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 November 2014.
↑ Constitution of Pakistan Articles 25, 27, 32, 34 and 35.
↑ Alice Bettencourt (2000). "Violence against women in Pakistan" (PDF) .
↑ Mariam S. Pal. Women in Pakistan: Country Briefing Paper (PDF) . Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-11-05 . ????????????? ???? 2020-03-30 .
↑ F. Shaheed, K. Mumtaz. et al. 1998. "Women in Politics: Participation and Representation in Pakistan". Shirkat Gah, Pakistan.

???? ?????????? [ ???? ]

???????????? Women of Pakistan ???????? ????? ????????? ?????.
Ministry of Women Development
South Asia: Women Studies: Pakistan

[whistory-1] 1.0 ^1.1 "Pakistan: Status of Women & the Women's Movement" . Womenshistory.about.com. 28 July 2001 . ????????????? ???? 2012-01-24 .

[2] "Pakistan Ulemas Reject Honor Killings" . 31 May 2014. Archived from the original on 13 July 2015.

[3] "Lady wardens to manage Lahore city traffic" . 28 March 2014. Archived from the original on 12 July 2015.

[4] "Pakistani police seeks to recruit more women" . Aljazeera.com . 7 January 2014.

[5] "The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan" . National Assembly of Pakistan. April 20, 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on ???????? 26, 2018 . ????????????? ???? ?????? 30, 2020 . {{ cite web }}: Check date values in: |access-date= and |archive-date= ( help )

[6] Azra Asghar Ali (April 1999). "Indian Muslim Women's Suffrage Campaign: Personal Dilemma and Communal Identity 1919?47". Journal of the Pakistan Historical Society 47 (2).

[woman_suffrage_timeline-7] Jone Johnson Lewis. "Woman Suffrage Timeline International" . ????????????? ???? 2007-01-07 .

[8] "The Muslim Family Laws Ordinance 1961" . punjablaws.gov.pk . ????????????? ???? 2016-10-26 .

[9] Mariam S. Pal (2000). Women in Pakistan: Country Briefing Paper (PDF) . Asian Development Bank. ??????????? ?????????? ??? 978-971-561-297-5 . Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 November 2014.

[10] Constitution of Pakistan Articles 25, 27, 32, 34 and 35.

[alice_violence-11] Alice Bettencourt (2000). "Violence against women in Pakistan" (PDF) .

[adb_wom_pak-12] Mariam S. Pal. Women in Pakistan: Country Briefing Paper (PDF) . Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-11-05 . ????????????? ???? 2020-03-30 .

[13] F. Shaheed, K. Mumtaz. et al. 1998. "Women in Politics: Participation and Representation in Pakistan". Shirkat Gah, Pakistan.

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