??????? ????

??????? ????
	???? ?? ???????? ????? ?????????? ??? ???????? ????
	?????????? ???? ??????????? ?????????? ?????????? ???? ???????? ????
?????? ????
	; ??????? ?????? ???????? ???? ( IUCN 3.1 )
	CITES Appendix I ( CITES )
???????? ?????????
????:	???????
??????:	???????????????
???????:	???????????
?????:	?????????????????
?????????:	????????
???????:	??????????? ; ???????, 1891
????:	?. ???????????
??????? ???????
	??????????? ??????????? ; ( ????????? , 1758 )
???? ????????
	??????? ??????????? ?????????, 1758

??????? ???? ( Pampas deer ) ?????? ???? ????????????? ??????????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?????. ^[3] ??? ????????????? ???????? ????-??????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????????????????. ??? ??????????? ??????????? ???? ??? ????????.

??????? ??????? ????? ??????????????? ????????? ???? ???????? ???????? ?????????. ???????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????????????, ???????????? ??????????????? ?????????? ????????????, ??????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????. ^[4] ???????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ??????????. ????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????????????? ?????????. ???????????? ???? ???????????? ???? ????????????? ????????????? ?????????????. ^[5] ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???????? ??????????????? ??? ????????????? ????????????.

???????? ????? ????? ????????? ?????? 12 ???????? ??? ?????. ???????????? ????????? ????? ????? ??????????. ??? ???????????? ?????????????, ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????????????? ???????????. ^[6] ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????????. ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????????????????????? ????????? ??? ???????? ??????????. ?? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????????????????????. ???? ???????? ????????? ???????????????. ???????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??????????????????. ????????? ??????????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ??????????? ???????? ????? ???????????. ?????? ??????????? ????????????? ?? ????????????? ??????????. ??? ??????? ???????????????? ????????????. ?? ?? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ???????????? ???? ?????????. ?????? ???????? ??????? ???? ??????????? ????????, ???? ???? ????????? ?????????????? ????? ??????? ?????????????. ^[7] ??????? ?????? 80,000 ???????? ??????? ?????, ???????? ????????????? ?????????? ??????????. ^[8]

???????????? ??????? ???????? [ ???? ]

????????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????, ?????? 2.5 ????????? ???????????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ?????????????? ??? ???????? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ??????????????????? ???? ????????????????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ????????????????. ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????????????. ???????? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ?????????????????. ????? ???? ???????????? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ??? ??????????? ???????, ???????? ??????? ??????????? ????????????. ???? ???? ???????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ??????????? ??????? ?????. ???????? ???????? ??????? ????????????? ?????????????. ???????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????????. ???????? ????? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ???????. ^[9]^[10]

???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????????????? ????? ????????????? ???????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ????? ?????????? ???????????. ^[3]

???????? ????? ????????????????? ???????????? ?????: ^[11]

?. ??. ????????????? - ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? , ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????
?. ??. ????????????? - ???????? ???????
?. ??. ????? - ?????? ???????????
?. ??. ??????????? - ?????????? ????????, ??????????? ???????? , ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????????
?. ??. ??????????????? - ??????? ???????

???????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????????????????? ????????????? ?????????. ^[9]

????????? [ ???? ]

???????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????????? ??????????. ???? ??????? ??????? ??????, ????? ????????? ???????. ???????? ???? ????? ????????????? ???? ???????????. ???????? ??????????? ???? ???????? ???????????, ?????????? ???????? ??????????? ?????????. ^[3] ???????? ???? ????????? ????? ????????? ??? 60-65 ???? (24-26 ????????) ??????, ??? ??????????? 65-70 ???? (26-28 ????????) ????? ??? ?????????. ^[12] ???????? ??????? ????????????? ?????????? ??????????????, 10 ???? ????? 15 ??? ??.??. ??? ????????? ?????????. ?????????, ?????? ???? ????????? ???, ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????. ^[3]

???? ???? ??? ????????? ??? ??????? 24?34 ??????? ?????????, ????? 40 ???? ??? ???????????????????????. ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? 22?29 ???? ??????????? ?????????. ^[12] ??? ????? ??? ???????????. ????????????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ???????. ??? ??????????? ????? ????????? ?????. ???????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????????. ????????? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ??????????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????. ^[3] ^[13] ??? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ?????. ???????? ???????? ?????????? ??????????????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ?????????? ??? ????????. ^[4] ???? ????? ??????????????? ?????????????, ???? ??? ??????????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????????????? ????? ??????? ?????. ^[14]

???????? ??????? ?????? [ ???? ]

???????????????, ???????????? ????? ???????? ????? ???????? ???. ???????????, ???????????? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????. ^[15] ??? ????? ???????????? ?? ???????? ???????????. ??????? ??? ??????????, ???? ???? ???????? ?????????, ???????? ???? ???? ???????? ???????????? ????????????. ?????? ???? ?????? ????????? ???????, ???? ???????? ?????? ??????????? ????????? ?????? ???????????. ??? ?????????? ???? ???? ??????? ????????? ???????? ????? ??? ???????? ????? ?????????????. ^[3] ??????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ?????????????? ???? ??????????? ???????????. ???????????? ???????????? ?????????? ?????????. ????? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ??????????????? ??????? ??????????.

??? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????????. ????? ??? ?????????? ???? ???????????? ??????????????. ^[4] ???????? ??????? ??????? ????????????????????, ???? ????????????????????? ?????. ??? ?????????????????? ?????? ?????????, ??????????? ????? ????? ????????, ???????????????? ?????? ??????? ??????????????????. ^[3]

???????? [ ???? ]

???????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????? ?????????, ????????, ??????? ???????? ???????. ??? ??????????? ??????????? ????????? ?? ????????? ????????????. ??????? ??????? ????????? ???????????? ??????? ?????????????????? ?????? ????, ???????? ????? ????? ????????????, ???????????? ?????????? ??????????????. ??? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????. ????? ???????? ???????????? ?????????????. ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????????, ???? ???? ???????? (????????? ??????????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????) ??????? ????????? ??????? (????????, ?????? ??????? ???????) ?????????? ?????????. ??????????????, ???????? ?????? 20% ???????? ??????? ??????? ??????????????. ??? ????????? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ??????. ???? ??????? ????????? ????????????? ????????????????? ???? ???????????? ????????? ????? ?????. ^[16] ??????? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????????. ?????? ?????????? ?????????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????????? ????????????. ^[7]

??????????? [ ???? ]

↑ Gonzalez, S.; Jackson, III, J.J.; Merino, M.L. (2016). " Ozotoceros bezoarticus " . IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016 : e.T15803A22160030. doi : 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T15803A22160030.en . https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/15803/22160030 . ??????? ????: 12 November 2021 .
↑ "Appendices | CITES" . cites.org . ????????????? ???? 2022-01-14 .
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 ^3.4 ^3.5 ^3.6 Geist, Valerius.
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 P., Walker, Ernest.
↑ Harris, Monica B.; Tomas, Walfrido; Mourao, Guilherme; Da Silva, Carolina J.; Guimaraes, Erika; Sonoda, Fatima; Fachim, Eliani (2005). "Safeguarding the Pantanal Wetlands: Threats and Conservation Initiatives" . Conservation Biology 19 (3): 714?20. doi : 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2005.00708.x . https://archive.org/details/sim_conservation-biology_2005-06_19_3/page/714 .
↑ Moore, Don (2003). "A Delicate Deer". Wildlife Conservation 106 : 6?7.
↑ ^7.0 ^7.1 Villa, A. R.; Beade, M. S.; Lamuniere, D. Barrios (2008). "Home range and habitat selection of pampas deer" . Journal of Zoology 276 : 95?102. doi : 10.1111/j.1469-7998.2008.00468.x . https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-zoology_2008-09_276/page/95 .
↑ IUCN Mammal Red Data Book .
↑ ^9.0 ^9.1 Gonzales, S.; Maldonado, J. E.; Leonard, J. A.; Vila, C.; Duarte, J. M. Barbanti; Merino, M.; Brum-Zorilla, N.; Wayne, R. K. (1998). "Conservation genetics of the endangered Pampas deer ( Ozotoceros bezoarticus )" . Molecular Ecology 7 (1): 47?56. doi : 10.1046/j.1365-294x.1998.00303.x . ??????? : 9465416 . https://archive.org/details/sim_molecular-ecology_1998-01_7_1/page/47 .
↑ Grzimeks Animal Life Encyclopedia Mammals (Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia).
↑ Ungerfield, Rodolfo; Gonzalez-Pensado, Solana (June 2008). "Reproductive biology of the pampas deer ( Ozotoceros bezoarticus ): a review" . Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica 50 : 16. doi : 10.1186/1751-0147-50-16 . ??????? : 18534014 .
↑ ^12.0 ^12.1 Mattioli, S. (2011).
↑ Jackson, J. " Behavioural observations on the argentinian pampas deer. "
↑ Perez, William, Noelia Vazquez, and Rodolfo Ungerfeld.
↑ Morales-Pineyrua, Jessica T., and Rodolfo Ungerfeld.
↑ People In Nature Wildlife Conservation in South and Central America .

[iucn_status_12_November_2021-1] Gonzalez, S.; Jackson, III, J.J.; Merino, M.L. (2016). " Ozotoceros bezoarticus " . IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016 : e.T15803A22160030. doi : 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T15803A22160030.en . https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/15803/22160030 . ??????? ????: 12 November 2021 .

[2] "Appendices | CITES" . cites.org . ????????????? ???? 2022-01-14 .

[one-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 ^3.4 ^3.5 ^3.6 Geist, Valerius.

[seven-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 P., Walker, Ernest.

[four-5] Harris, Monica B.; Tomas, Walfrido; Mourao, Guilherme; Da Silva, Carolina J.; Guimaraes, Erika; Sonoda, Fatima; Fachim, Eliani (2005). "Safeguarding the Pantanal Wetlands: Threats and Conservation Initiatives" . Conservation Biology 19 (3): 714?20. doi : 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2005.00708.x . https://archive.org/details/sim_conservation-biology_2005-06_19_3/page/714 .

[six-6] Moore, Don (2003). "A Delicate Deer". Wildlife Conservation 106 : 6?7.

[nine-7] 7.0 ^7.1 Villa, A. R.; Beade, M. S.; Lamuniere, D. Barrios (2008). "Home range and habitat selection of pampas deer" . Journal of Zoology 276 : 95?102. doi : 10.1111/j.1469-7998.2008.00468.x . https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-zoology_2008-09_276/page/95 .

[five-8] IUCN Mammal Red Data Book .

[two-9] 9.0 ^9.1 Gonzales, S.; Maldonado, J. E.; Leonard, J. A.; Vila, C.; Duarte, J. M. Barbanti; Merino, M.; Brum-Zorilla, N.; Wayne, R. K. (1998). "Conservation genetics of the endangered Pampas deer ( Ozotoceros bezoarticus )" . Molecular Ecology 7 (1): 47?56. doi : 10.1046/j.1365-294x.1998.00303.x . ??????? : 9465416 . https://archive.org/details/sim_molecular-ecology_1998-01_7_1/page/47 .

[three-10] Grzimeks Animal Life Encyclopedia Mammals (Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia).

[Ungerfield2008-11] Ungerfield, Rodolfo; Gonzalez-Pensado, Solana (June 2008). "Reproductive biology of the pampas deer ( Ozotoceros bezoarticus ): a review" . Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica 50 : 16. doi : 10.1186/1751-0147-50-16 . ??????? : 18534014 .

[HMW-12] 12.0 ^12.1 Mattioli, S. (2011).

[13] Jackson, J. " Behavioural observations on the argentinian pampas deer. "

[14] Perez, William, Noelia Vazquez, and Rodolfo Ungerfeld.

[15] Morales-Pineyrua, Jessica T., and Rodolfo Ungerfeld.

[eight-16] People In Nature Wildlife Conservation in South and Central America .

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