????????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ???????

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International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement
	?????????? ?????????? ?????????? . ??? ?????????????????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???????,?????? 2005.
	???????????? ???? ?????? ??????????: ; ??????????, ????????, ??????? ??????
	?????????? ????????????? ????? ???????, ???????????? ???? ????????? ????????????? ????????????
?????????	ICRC ??????? IFRC
??????????	9 ???????? 1863 ; 161 ???????? ??????? ( ???????????? ???? ????????? ???? ) ; 5 ?? 1919 ; 105 ???????? ??????? ( ?????????? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ????????? ??????????? ) ;
???????????	?????? ?????????? ; ???????? ????????? ; ??????? ??????? ; ???????? ?????? ??????? ; ?????? ??????? ;
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???????	???? ?????
?????????	?????? , ??????????????? ;
?????	??????
?????? ?????	????? ?????????
????	????
?????????????	?????? ??????? ( ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ) CICR ??????? FICR
??????? ???????	??????? ?????
?????????	???. 180,000
??????????????	???. 16.4 ?????????
??????(???)	?????????? ????? ????? ; (1917 ICRC, 1944 ICRC, 1963 ICRC & IFRC) ;
?????????	www .icrc .org

????????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ( International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement ) ??? ????????? ?????????? ???????. ???????????????; ???? , ???? , ???? , ??????? , ??????? ??????? ??????????? ???????????? ???????? ?????????; ???? ????????????, ???? ?????????? ???????????; ????????????? ??????? ???????? ?????????????????; ??????????? ???????????? ?????????? ?????? ??????????? ???? ????????? ????????????? 97 ????????? ?????????????? ????? ???????? ???????????????.

???????????, ?? ??????????? ???????????? ?????????? ?????????. ???????????????, ???? ?????????? ??????, ???????, ???????, ???????????, ????? ???????????? ??????????? ???????????????. ??????????? ??????????:

????????? ???????????? ?????????
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???? ???????????? ?????? [ ???? ]

?????????? ????????? ????????????? ???????????? ?????????? ???? ??????????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ???????????? ?????? ????????????????. ??????? ?????????????? ?????????????? ???????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????????? ???????? ?????? ???????????? ?????????????????. ?????????????? ??????? ????? ????? ????????? ???????????????? ????????????????????.

??????????? ?????? [ ???? ]

????????? ???????????? ???? ????????? ???? ????? ????????? [ ???? ]

19??? ???????????? ????????????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ??????????? ????????? ???????? ???????????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????????????. ????1859, ??????????????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ????????????? ????? ??????????? ???????? ????? ????????? ???? ??????????? ?????????????. ????????, ?????????, ?????????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???????? ????????? 16 ?????????????????? ????????????????. ???? ??????? 40000 ???? ?????????????? ?????????????? ???????????. ??????? ????????????????????? ?????? ????????????????. ?????????????? ?????? ???????????? ????????? ?????????. ?????????? ????????? ??????????????????????? ???????? ????????????? ???????? ?????????.

?????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ????? ???? ?????????. ??????? ????? ????? ??????? 1862 ??? ???????????. ????????? ???????? ??????????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????????????????????? ???????????. ???????????? ????? 1959 ???? ????????? ?????????? ??????????????????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????????? ????????????????? ?????????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ????????????????. ???????????????? ?????? ??????????????? ?????????????? ?????????????? ????????? ?????????????????.

1863??? ???????????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?????????????? ?????? ???????????? ????????? ???????? ?? ??????? ????????? ????????????? ?????????. ???? ???? ?????? ???????????? ????????? ??????????? ????? ????????????????? ????????? ????????. ??????? ???????????? ????????????? ???? ????????????? ?????????????? ????????? ?????????????????. ???? ??????? ???? ????????? ???????? ????? ????????? ?????????? ????????????????. ???? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????????? ???????? 1863 ??? ?????????? ??????????????.

?????????? ????????? ??????? ????? ?????? [ ???? ]

????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ???????????? ???? ????????? ??????? ???????????? ????????? ????? ?????, 1915

????????? ???????? ???????????? ???? ?????????? ????????]

????? ????? ???? , ??????????? ?????????? ???????????? ???????? ????? ????????????? ?????????? ????????? ???????????? ????????????????? ?????????????. ????????, ??????? ???????? ??? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ????????????? ?????????????? ???????? ??????????. ???????? 15, 1914, ????? ?????????? ??? ????????? ???????????? ?????? ???? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?????????????? ?????????. ??? 1914 ????????1,200 ???????????? ?????????????. ????? ?????? ???????? ???????? 20 ????????? ????????????? ????????????? , 1.9 ????????? ??????????? ??????? 18 ????????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ?? ????????????????? ????????????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????????????? ??????????. ?????? ??????????????? ?????????? ??????? ????????? 200,000 ??????? ??????? ??????????????????? ????????????????? ???? ??????????????? ??????? ?????????????????.

French war casualty wearing a prosthetic mask provided by the American Red Cross , 1918

The same man without his mask

?????????? ????????? ???????? ????? ?????? [ ???? ]

Łod? ????? ????????????? ???????????? ?????? ??????, ??????? , 1940.

?????? ??????????????? 1929??? ??????? ??????????? ??? ????????? ?????????? ??????????? ???????? ????? ???? ??????????????? ?????? ???? ????????????? ??????. ??????????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ????????? ???????????. ??????: ?????? ????????? ??????????? ???????????? ????????????, ?????????????? ??????????? ??????????????? ?????????????????, ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???????????? ?????????????????? ????????. ?????? ???????? 179 ?????????????? 41 ????????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ????????????? 12,750 ?????????????? ??????????????????. ??????? ??????????? ??????? ????????? ???????????????????????? ???????????? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ??????? ???????????????. ?????????? ???? ??????? ????????? ?????????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????????. ??????? ???????? ???? ??????????????????????? ???????? ???? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????????????????? ?????????? ??????????? ???????????.

???????? ????? ?????? ???? ??????????????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ???????????? ???????? ???????? ????????????. ???? ???????? ???? 1943 ??????????????????? (Auschwitz) 1943 ??? ??????????????????????? (Theresienstadt) ????????????. ?????? ?????????? ????? ???????????? ??????????? 1979??? Visitor from the living ????? ??????? ????????????.. ^[2]

????????????? [ ???? ]

????????????? ?????????? ICRC ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????????????? ??????????????????????? ???? ????? ??? ????????? ???????? ????????????. ????????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????????, ?????????? ??????? ??????????? ????????????? ?????????????????????. ??????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????????????? ??????? ???????????????, ????? 2009 ??? ????? ????? ??????????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????????? ???? ?????????????????????. ^[3] ??????? ???????????? ???????? ??????? ??????????????? ???????????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???????? ????????????????. ??????????? ICRC ????????? ??? ???????????? ??????????? ????????????? ????????? ??????????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ????????. ^[4]

?????????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????????? (IFRC) ??????? ??????????? [ ???? ]

?????? [ ???? ]

1919 ??, ?????????, ????????, ???????, ??????? ??????? ????????????? ????? ???????????? ??????????? ???????????? ???????? "?????????? ??????????? ???????????" ???????? ??????????. ????????? ???????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????????, ???????? ???????????? ?????????? ?????????, ???????????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???????????? ?????????? ??????? ???????????? ????????????????. ????????? ??????????????? ?????????? ?????? ???? (???????? ?????????????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ???????) ). ARC ??????? ???? ??????????????? ???????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????????.

ICRC ???? ??????? ??????? ???????????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????? ?????.ICRC ??? ??????????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????????. ????????????? ?????????? ??????????? ???? ICRC ????????? ????????????? ??????????????? ???????????? ?????????????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????????????? ????????? ??????????????.

?? 1919 ?? ??????? ?????????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????????? ????? ??????????? ??????? ???? ????? ???????. ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ???????, ?????????, ???????, ????????? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ????????? ????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ??????????????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ???????????? ???????? ?????????. ????? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ?????????? ??????????? ????????????? ???????? ???????????? ????????? ??????.

IFRC ??? ????????? [ ???? ]

2017 ???, ^[5] IFRC ??? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ( ???????? ?????????? ?????? ). ?? ?????????? ????????? ?????-?????? (?????? ?????????? ??????), ??????? ?????????? (???????? ???????????? ??????), ??????? ????? ?????? (?????? ?????????? ??????), ?????? ?????? (????????? ??????? ????), ???? ?? (???????? ?????????? ??????) ???????.

1919-1922: ?????? ??????? (?????????)
1922-1935: ???? ??????? ?????? (?????????)
1935-1938: ???? ????????? ??????? (?????????)
1938-1944: ??????? ?????? (?????????)
1944-1945: ???? ?? ????? (???????????????)
1945-1950: ????? ?'????? (?????????)
1950-1959: ????? ??????????? (???????)
1959-1965: ???? ????????? (????)
1965-1977: ???? ????? ?????? (??????????)
1977-1981: ???????? ???????????? (????????)
1981-1987: ??????? ?? ?? ????? (????????)
1987-1997: ????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? (????????)
1997-2000: ????????? ?????????? ?????????? (??????)
2001-2009: ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ? ?????? (????????)
2009-2017: ???????? ?????? (???????)
2017-: ???????????? ?????? (???????)

???????????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??????? [ ???? ]

????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? 1917, 1944 ??????? 1963 ?? ?????? ???? ?????????? ????? ??????? ???????????. ^[6] 1917 ??? ???? ???????? ????????? ????????????????? ??? ????? ????? ?????????????. ??????? 1914 ????? 1918 ??? ???????? ????? ?????????? ??? ?????????. 1944 ????? ??????? ????? ?????? , ????????? ??????????,1939 ????? 1945 ?????? ????????? ?????????????. 1936 ??????? ???? ???????????? ????? ???????????????? ???? ???? ????????? ????? ??????? ???????.

???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? [ ???? ]

?????? ??????????????? ?????? ??? ???????????? ?????? 12, 1949 ???????????????. ?????? ????????????????, ?????????????? ?????????? ????????????? ?????????? ????????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ??????????????? ???? ????????????????. ??? ??? ??????????????? ???????????? ???????????? ??? ????????? ?????? ??????????? ??????????????.

???????? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????????????? ????????????, ????? ?????????????? ??????? ?????? ?????????????? ?????? ???? ???????????? ??????????????? ??????????? 1949??? ?????????????????. ????? ???? 8, 1977 ??? ???????????? ??????????? ????? ??????????? ??????????? ????????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????????? ??????????????????. ?????????? ??????? ???????????????? 600???? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????????. ????? 1864 ??????????????? ????? 10 ????????? ??????????? ???????.

???????? 16 , 1990, ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???????????? ???????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????????????? ????????????????? ???????????. ???? ??????????? ??????? ??????????? ????? ????? ??????????.

????????? ???????????? [ ???? ]

????????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????????? ??????????? ???????? 97 ????????? ???? ????????????????????.

1965 ??????????? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????? ??? ??????????????????????? ?????????? ??????????. ?????????????? ????????? ???????? ????? ???????????? 1986??? ??????? ?????????????. ???,.

????????????
?????????????
????????
???????????????
?????????????
???????
????? ????????

?????????? ??????????? [ ???? ]

??? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ????

?????? ??????????? [ ???? ]

??????????? [ ???? ]

↑ "Annual Report 2019 - International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies" . IFRC . Archived from the original on 4 November 2020 . ????????????? ???? 2020-12-18 .
↑ "VIVANT QUI PASSE. AUSCHWITZ 1943 - THERESIENSTADT 1944. R: Lanzmann [FR, 1997]" . Cine-holocaust.de. Archived from the original on 2013-04-28 . ????????????? ???? 2009-04-14 .
↑ "Afghanistan: first ICRC visit to detainees in Taliban custody" . Icrc.org. 2009-12-15. Archived from the original on 2012-05-12 . ????????????? ???? 2011-12-10 .
↑ "Red Cross in Afghanistan gives Taliban first aid help" . BBC News. 2010-05-26 . http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/world/south_asia/10161136.stm . ??????? ????: 2011-12-10 .
↑ "The Governing Board ? IFRC" . www.ifrc.org .
↑ "Nobel Laureates Facts ? Organizations" . Nobel Foundation . ????????????? ???? 2009-10-13 .

??????????? [ ???? ]

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Bugnion, Francois. The emblem of the Red Cross: a brief history. ICRC (ref. 0316), Geneva, 1977.
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??????????? ?? ????? ??? 0937-5414

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??????????? ?? ????? ??? 0959-2296

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???? ?????????? [ ???? ]

[IFRC_annual_report_2019-1] "Annual Report 2019 - International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies" . IFRC . Archived from the original on 4 November 2020 . ????????????? ???? 2020-12-18 .

[2] "VIVANT QUI PASSE. AUSCHWITZ 1943 - THERESIENSTADT 1944. R: Lanzmann [FR, 1997]" . Cine-holocaust.de. Archived from the original on 2013-04-28 . ????????????? ???? 2009-04-14 .

[3] "Afghanistan: first ICRC visit to detainees in Taliban custody" . Icrc.org. 2009-12-15. Archived from the original on 2012-05-12 . ????????????? ???? 2011-12-10 .

[4] "Red Cross in Afghanistan gives Taliban first aid help" . BBC News. 2010-05-26 . http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/world/south_asia/10161136.stm . ??????? ????: 2011-12-10 .

[5] "The Governing Board ? IFRC" . www.ifrc.org .

[NobelFactsorg-6] "Nobel Laureates Facts ? Organizations" . Nobel Foundation . ????????????? ???? 2009-10-13 .

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]