?????????

??????? ??????????????? ?????????????????? ???????.

????????? ( Rapids ) ?????? ??????? ??? ???????????, ????? ??????? ??????? ????????????? ??????????? ?????? ???????, ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????????? ????????????.


????????? ?????? ??? ???????????? ???????? ???????? ????????? (??? ?????????? ????? ?????? ?????) ??????? ??? ??????????? ???????? ???????? ?????????. ?????? ?????????????? ???? ??? ??????? ??????????? ??? ????????? ????????? ????????? ??????????????????????. ??????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ??????????????, ???????? ????????? ??????? ???????????? ???????????? ???????? ??? ?????? ????????? ??????????, ??? "?????? ????" ????? ????????????????. ??????????? ????????????? ???? ???? ???????????? ?????????????, ??????????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ???????????? ????????????. ?????? ???? ????????? ?????? ???? ???????? ????????? ??????????????? ?????????? ??????????. ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????????????? ????????????????, ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ???????????.


????????? ??????????????????????, ??????? I ????? VI [1] : {{{3}}} ??? ????????. 5 ??????? ??????? 5.1-5.9 ?? ???????????????????. ??????? I ????????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ????? ???????? ???????????????, ????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ???????????? ????????????????. ??????????? ?? ????????? ????????? ???????? ???????????? ?????????? ???????????????????.

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  1. 1.0 1.1 Walbridge, Charlie; Singleton, Mark (2005). "International Scale of River Difficulty" . American Whitewater . Archived from the original on 2018-04-02 . ????????????? ???? 16 ???? 2018 .