?????????? ???? ???????

??????? ????????????? ??????? ????? ?????? (4??? ???) ??????.

?????????? ???? ??????? ( Upstate New York ) ????? ???? ?????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????????? ??????????? ???????????? ??????????????????. ?????????? ??????????? ????? ??????????? ????????, ??????? ???? ???????? ????????, ??????????? ??????????? ????? ????????. ??????????? ???? ?????? ???????? ???????????. ^[1]^[2] ?????????? ????????????? ????? , ?????????? , ??????? , ???????? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ^[2]^[3];???????? ?????????? ??????????? ????? ???????? ????? ????????.

?????????? ???? ??????????? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ?????????????? ???????????. ???????????, ???????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????????? ?????????? ??????????. ????? ????????????????? ?????????????? ????????????????? ???????? ??????????????? ??????????. ????????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????????????.

?????????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ??????????????? ???????? ????????????? ???????? ???????; ??? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ????? ???????. ?????????????????? ???????? ????????? ?????????????? ????? ?? ???????? ??????; ?????? ?????????????? ??????? ??????? ??????????????????? ???????? ???????????????????? ????????????????? ??????????. 1825??? ????? ???????????? ??? ???????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????????? ???????????? ???????????. ?????????? ????????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????????????? ????????. ???? ???????, ???? ??????????? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ???????; ?????? ?????????? , ?????? , ????????? ?????? , ???????? ????? ??????????? ?????? ???? ??????????? ???????. 20??? ???????????? ??????????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ????????? ????????????????????; ????????? ???? ???????, ?????????? ?????????????, ???????????? ????????? ?????? ????? ( Rust Belt ) ???? ???????????????? ????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ???? ??????????????? ?????.

???? ?????? ????????? ????? ??????? ??????????? ????? ???????? ??????????????. ????? ???????????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ?????. ?????? ???? ??????????? , ?? ???????? (????????? ??????????), ??????????? ????????? ??????????????. ^[4] ???????? ???????????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ??????; ?????????????? ????????????????? ???????? ??????????? ??????????????. ????? ?? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ????????????? ???????????; ?????? ????????? ??????????? , ?????????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ???????????????????????.

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↑ "Upstate, downstate distinction raises questions" .
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 "What Area Is Considered Upstate New York?" .
↑ "NYS Geography" . How the Other Third Lives: A Focus on Upstate New York . Lewis Mumford Center, University at Albany . ????????????? ???? 6 November 2015 .
↑ "???????????????????? ????" (PDF) . Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-02-17 . ????????????? ???? 2016-06-27 .

???? ?????????? [ ???? ]

Old Abandoned Buildings of Northern NY The urban decay of upstate NY, in pictures from the area.
New York History Net
Oral History of Franklin County ? history of Franklin County NY in the late 19th and early 20th centuries .

[1] "Upstate, downstate distinction raises questions" .

[upstatedef-2] 2.0 ^2.1 "What Area Is Considered Upstate New York?" .

[3] "NYS Geography" . How the Other Third Lives: A Focus on Upstate New York . Lewis Mumford Center, University at Albany . ????????????? ???? 6 November 2015 .

[4] "???????????????????? ????" (PDF) . Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-02-17 . ????????????? ???? 2016-06-27 .

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]