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????????? ???????????? ???? ?????????????? ?????? ????????????? ???????????.
???????? ????????? ????? ??????, ?????? ??????????, ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? 2015 ???.

?????????? (????????: Nintendo) (??????????: 任天堂) ?????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????????????. ??? ?????????? ????????????? ???????????. ??? ?????????? ????? ????????? ???????????, ????????? ????????????????? ??????? ???? ????????? ??????? ????? ??????????, ????? ??????????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ????????????? ?????????, ??? ????? ????? ????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????????????? ??????? ???? ????????????? ??????????????. ?? ??????? ???? ?????? , ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??????????.

1889 ?????????? 23 ??? ???????? ??????? ????????? ?????????????, ??? ??????? ?????? ?????????????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ??????????. 1963 ????????, ???????? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????????? ????? ?? ????? ????????? ????????????. 1960 ????? ????????????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ????????, ?????????? 1970 ????? ??? ??????? ???? ????????? ?????????. 1980 ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ????????????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????????? ???????????? ????????? . ??? ????????? ?????????????? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? 2018 ??? ??????? 37 ????????? ??????????? ??????? ????? ????????? ????? ????????? ??????? ???????????? ????????????? ?????????.

?????? [ ???? ]

1889-1956: ??? ?????????? ??????????? ????????? [ ???? ]

?????????? ??? ?????????? ????? ????????? ???????? ???????????? 1889 ?????????? 23 ????????????????. [1] ?????????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ??????? . ?????? ??????????? ???????? ???????? ????????????, ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???????????? ???????????? ??????????. [2] ??????????? ??????? 1933 ??? ??????? ??????? ?????????? & ?? ???????? ???? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ?? ?????????????. [3] ??????? ??? ???? ????? 1951 ??? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ?????????. ?????????? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????, "?????????? ??????" ????? ????????? ???????????. [4] [5] ?????????? ???? ?????????? "??????????????? ???????????? ?????????" ?????? ??????? "???? ??????????? ??????" ????? ????????????????. [6] [7]

1956-1974: ????? ?????????? [ ???? ]

1956 ??? ???????, ???????? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ????????, ????????????? ?????????? ????? ????????????? ??????????? ??????????????? ?????? ????????. ?????? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????????? ??????? ???????????????? ????? ???? ????????????. ?????????? ????? ???????????? ??????????????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ??????? ??? ??????????????? ????????. ??????? ???? ????????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ????????????????? ?????????????????? ?????????? ????????.

1963 ??? ???????, ??????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ??, ???????? ?? ??????????. [3] 1963 ????? 1968 ???????? ????????????? ???????? ??????? ????????????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????????? ??? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ??????????. ?????????? ???? ???? ??????????? ?????????? ????????. ???? ?????? ??????????? ??????????? ????????. ???????????, ????????? ????????????? ???????????? ?????? ??????????????? ???? ??????????? ?????????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????????. ??? ????? ?????????, ???????????? ????????, ???? ???????? ( ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ) ??????? ?? ?????????????? ???????. [8] ???? ???????????? ??????? ????????? ??????, ??????? 1964 ????? ???????? ????????? , ?????????? ????? ??????? ????????????, ?????????????? ????? ???????? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ???????? ￥ 60. [9] [10]

  • வாஷிங்டனின் ரெட்மண்டில் உள்ள அமெரிக்காவின் தலைமையகத்தின் நிண்டெண்டோ.
    ??????????? ??????????? ???? ????????????? ????????????? ??????????.
  • ஜெர்மனியின் பிராங்பேர்ட்டில் உள்ள ஐரோப்பாவின் தலைமையகத்தின் நிண்டெண்டோ.
    ??????????? ???????????????? ???? ??????????? ????????????? ??????????.
  • நிண்டெண்டோவின் டோக்கியோ அலுவலகம்.
    ?????????????? ???????? ????????.

??????????? [ ???? ]

  1. ↑ Kohler, Chris. "September 23, 1889: Success Is in the Cards for Nintendo" . Wired . ????????????? ???? 30 June 2017 .
  2. ↑ Modojo (11 August 2011). "Before Mario: Nintendo's Playing Cards, Toys, and Love Hotels" . Business Insider . ????????????? ???? 23 October 2015 .
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Nintendo History" . Nintendo of Europe GmbH. Archived from the original on 4 September 2012 . ????????????? ???? 27 May 2014 .
  4. ↑ "Nintendo's card game product" . nintendo . ????????????? ???? 24 September 2016 .
  5. ↑ "List of Japan contract bridge league tournaments" (in japanese). jcbl. Archived from the original on 24 June 2008 . ????????????? ???? 24 September 2016 . {{ cite web }} : CS1 maint: unrecognized language ( link )
  6. ↑ "Nintendo Corporation, Limited" . Archived from the original (doc) on 22 July 2012 . ????????????? ???? 22 February 2011 .
  7. ↑ Ashcraft, Brian (3 August 2017). " 'Nintendo' Probably Doesn't Mean What You Think It Does" . Kotaku . ????????????? ???? 4 August 2017 .
  8. ↑ "As Nintendo turns 125, 6 things you may not know about this gaming giant" . NDTV Gadgets . ????????? . 23 September 2014 . ????????????? ???? 14 July 2015 .
  9. ↑ "Freelancers!: A Revolution in the Way We Work" . ?????? ??????????? .
  10. ↑ "The Story of Nintendo" . ?????? ??????????? .

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