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??????? ??????????????? ?????????????????? ???????.
???????? ????????
Zinc chloride hydrate
????????
???????? ?????
???????? ????????
???? ????????
????????(II)????????
???????? ??????????
?????????????
7646-85-7   Y
ATC code B05 XA12
ChEBI CHEBI:49976   Y
ChEMBL ChEMBL1200679   N
ChemSpider 5525   Y
EC number 231-592-0
InChI
  • InChI=1S/2ClH.Zn/h2*1H;/q;;+2/p-2   Y
    Key: JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L   Y
  • InChI=1/2ClH.Zn/h2*1H;/q;;+2/p-2
    Key: JIAARYAFYJHUJI-NUQVWONBAB
????? -3D ????????? Image
??????? 3007855
??.?.??.? ??? ZH1400000
  • Cl[Zn]Cl
UNII 86Q357L16B   Y
UN number 2331
????????
ZnCl 2
???????????? ??? 136.315 g/mol
??????? white crystalline solid
???? ????????? ????? and very deliquescent
???? odorless
???????? 2.907 g/cm 3
????????? 292 °C (558 °F; 565 K)
???????? 756 °C (1,393 °F; 1,029 K)
4320 g/L (25 °C)
???????? soluble in ???????? , ????????? and ?????????
???????? -??? ???????? 4300 g/L
??????????
???????????
???????? 		??????? ?????????? , linear in the gas phase
?????????
?????? ?????????? ???????? ???? External MSDS
??? ????????? Harmful ( Xn )
Corrosive ( C )
Dangerous for the environment ( N )
R-???????????? R22 , R34 , R50/53
S-???????????? (S1/2) , S26 , S36/37/39 , S45 , S60 , S61
Lethal dose or concentration ( LD , LC ):
LD 50 ( Median dose )
350 mg/kg, rat (oral)
?????????? ??????????
???? ????? ??????????? ???????? ??????????
???????? ????????
???????? ???????
???? ???? ??????????? ????????? ????????
Mercury(II) chloride
???????? ????? ??????????? ??????? ????????????? ??????? ??????
????????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? (25°C, 100kPa) ?????????.
| colspan=2 |   N   verify  ( ??? :  Y / N ?)

???????? ???????? ( Zinc Chloride ) ?????? ZnCl 2 ???? ????????? ???????? ????? ??? ????????? ??????????? . ?????? ?????? ???? ??????????? ?????????? ????????? ???????????? ?????? ????????? ??????????. ??????? ?????? ??????????? ???????? ???????? ???? ?????????? ????????????????? ???? ????????? ????????? ???????????. ???? ??????? ????? ????????? ???????? ????? ???????? ???????????? ????????? ??????????? ????????????????. ???????? ???????? ????? ????????????? ??????, ????????? ??????? ??????????????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ????????????? ?????? ????????????. ??? ?????? ?????????? Zn 5 (OH)8CL 2 ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ???????????????? ?????????????.

????????? ?????????? [ ???? ]

?????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??????????? ???????? ???????? ??????????????. ??? α, β, γ, ??????? δ, ???????????. ??????? ????????? Zn 2+ ??????? ?????? ???????????? ???????? ?????????? ??????????? [1] .

???? ???? ??????????? a, b, c ????? ??????? ?????????????. Z ??????? ???? ???????????? ?????? ?????????? ??????????????? ρ ?????? ????????????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????????????? ???????????? [2] [3] [4] .

?????? ??? ???????????? ?????? ???????? ???????? (δ) ????????????? ???????????? ?????????????? ???? ???? ????????????? ?????? ?????????????. ???????????? ?????? ???? OH ??????? ???? ????????? ??????????????? ????? ?????????????? ?????????????? [1] ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????????????????? ???? ??????????? ?????? ??????????? ???????????. ???????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ???? ????????? ?????????? [5] .

?????? ??????? ?????????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? 275 0 ????????? [6] ????????? ???????????????????. ???? ??????????? ??????? ???? ???????? ?? ???????????? ???????? ???????????. ???????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ???? ZnCl 2 L 2 ???? ????????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????????? ??????????. ????? L ?????? ??????????? O(C 2 H 5 ) 2 . ? ???????????.

???? ???????? ???????? ???????? ???????????? ?????????? ????? 205 pm [7] ????? ???? ???? ???????????? ?????. ?????? ZnCl2 ???? ????????????? ???? ?????????????? ????????????? ??????? ???? ????????? ??????????? [7] [8] ?????????????????? ?????????????. ???????? ????????? ??????? ???? [9] ????????????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ???? ???????????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? [10] ????????????????????.

????????? [ ???? ]

???????? ?????????? ZnCl2(H2O)n ????? ????????? ??????????????????. ????? n = 1,1.5,2.5,3 ??????? 4 ????? [11] . ??????? ?????????? ?????? ZnCl 2 (H 2 O) 4 ???????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??????????????????? [11] .

??????????? ??????????????? [ ???? ]

?????????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???? ????????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???????????. ?????????? ????????????? ??????? ????????????? ???????? ??????????? ???????????? ???? ???????? ??????????? ?????????.

Zn(s) + 2 HCl → ZnCl 2 + H 2(g)

???????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ???????????? ????????? ???? ??????????? ???????? ???????? ???????.

ZnS(s) + 2 HCl(aq) → ZnCl 2 (aq) + H 2 S(g)
?????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??? 　a (nm) 　b (nm) c (nm) Z ρ (g/cm 3 )
α ?????????? tI12 I 4 2d 122 0.5398 0.5398 0.64223 4 3.00
β ?????????? tP6 P4 2 /nmc 137 0.3696 0.3696 1.071 2 3.09
γ ??????? ????? mP36 P2 1 c 14 0.654 1.131 1.23328 12 2.98
δ ?????????? oP12 Pna2 1 33 0.6125 0.6443 0.7693 4 2.98

???? ??????????? ?????????? ?????????? 2+ ???? ??? ??????????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????????????? ???????????.???????? ???????? ???? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ??????????? ????????????????. ??????? ????????? ????????? ??? ?????????????? ????? ????????????????. ?????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ??????? ??? 400 °C ???????? ???? [[??????? ?????| ??????? ?????? ????????? ?????????????????. ???????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??????????? [12] ???????? ???????????? ????? ????????????????????????.

??????????? [ ???? ]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Wells, A. F. (1984). Structural Inorganic Chemistry . Oxford: Clarendon Press. ??????????? ?????????? ???   0-19-855370-6 .
  2. ↑ Oswald, H. R.; Jaggi, H. (1960). "Zur Struktur der wasserfreien Zinkhalogenide I. Die wasserfreien Zinkchloride". Helvetica Chimica Acta 43 (1): 72?77. doi : 10.1002/hlca.19600430109 .  
  3. ↑ Brynestad, J.; Yakel, H. L. (1978). "Preparation and Structure of Anhydrous Zinc Chloride". Inorganic Chemistry 17 (5): 1376?1377. doi : 10.1021/ic50183a059 .  
  4. ↑ Brehler, B. (1961). "Kristallstrukturuntersuchungen an ZnCl 2 ". Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 115 (5-6): 373?402. doi : 10.1524/zkri.1961.115.5-6.373 .  
  5. ↑ Mackenzie, J. D.; Murphy, W. K. (1960). "Structure of Glass-Forming Halides. II. Liquid Zinc Chloride". The Journal of Chemical Physics 33 (2): 366?369. doi : 10.1063/1.1731151 .  
  6. ↑ Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. ??????????? ?????????? ???   0080379419 .
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Prince, R. H. (1994). King, R. B. (ed.). Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry . John Wiley & Sons. ??????????? ?????????? ???   0-471-93620-0 .
  8. ↑ Ray, H. S. (2006). Introduction to Melts: Molten Salts, Slags and Glasses . Allied Publishers. ??????????? ?????????? ???   81-7764-875-6 .
  9. ↑ Danek, V. (2006). Physico-Chemical Analysis of Molten Electrolytes . Elsevier. ??????????? ?????????? ???   0-444-52116-X .
  10. ↑ Price, D. L.; Saboungi, M.-L.; Susman, S.; Volin, K. J.; Wright, A. C. (1991). "Neutron Scattering Function of Vitreous and Molten Zinc Chloride". Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 3 (49): 9835?9842. doi : 10.1088/0953-8984/3/49/001 .  
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Holleman, A. F.; Wiberg, E. (2001). Inorganic Chemistry . San Diego: Academic Press. ??????????? ?????????? ???   0-12-352651-5 . {{ cite book }} : CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link )
  12. ↑ Pray, A. P. (1990). Inorganic Syntheses . Vol. 28. New York: J. Wiley & Sons. pp. 321?322. ??????????? ?????????? ???   0-471-52619-3 . Describes the formation of anhydrous LiCl, CuCl 2 , ZnCl 2 , CdCl 2 , ThCl 4 , CrCl 3 , FeCl 3 , CoCl 2 , and NiCl 2 from the corresponding hydrates.
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