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United Republic of Tanzania
Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania
கொடி of தன்சானியாவின்
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சின்னம் of தன்சானியாவின்
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??????????:  "Uhuru na Umoja"    ( ???????? )
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???????????:   Mungu ibariki Afrika
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தன்சானியாவின்அமைவிடம்
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???????? 9 1961
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????? 12 1964
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945,087 km 2 (364,900 sq mi) ( 31??? )
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6.2
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? ??????? 2006 ?????????
37,849,133 ( 32??? )
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34,443,603
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41/km 2 (106.2/sq mi) ( 159??? )
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$27.12 ????????? ( 99??? )
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$723 ( 178??? )
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?????? ???? 2005

????????? ( Tanzania , ?????????? : Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania ), ??????? ??????????????? ???? ??? ????????. ???? ????????? ?????? ?????? , ??????? ?????????, ?????? ???????? , ???????? , ?????? ???????????? ?????????? , ?????? ???????? , ????? , ?????????? ????????? ???????????. ???????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ??????. ???????? ??????????? ????????? ??????????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ??? .

?????????????? ?????? ???? 51.82 ????????? (2014) [1] ????????? ??????? ??, ????, ????? ?????????? ???????. ??????????????? ???????? ???????????? ????????????, 1996 ??? ????? ?????, ???? ?????????????? ???????? ?????? , ???????? ????????, ????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????????? ??????????? ?????? ????????????. [2] ??????????? ?????, ?????? ?????????????? ???????? ????????, ????????? ??????????? ??????? ????????????? ??????????????????, ???????? ?????????? ??????????, ??????? ??????????????, ??????? ???? ?????????? ??????. [3] [4] [5] ?????????? ???? ???? ???????? ??????????? (CCM) ???? ????? ????????? ??????????????? ???? ????? ???????????? ??????. ???????? ???????????????? 1992 ??? ????? ???, ???????? ?????????????? ??????????????? ????? ???????? ??? ??????? ????????. ??????? 1 ???? 1992 ??? ?????????????? ?????????????? ????????????? [6] ??????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???????????? ???????? ???????????? ???????????? ?? ????????? ????? ?????????????? ????????????. ???????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???????? ?????????????? ??????? ???????? 2015 ??? ??????????. ????????? CCM ????? ?????????????? ??????????? 75% ????????? ????????????.

19 ??? ???????????? ????????????? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????????? ???????? ???????????????, ??????????? ?????????????? ??????????, ??? ???????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????? ????????? ???????????. ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ????????? ??????, ????????? ???????????? ???? ????????? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????????????. 1961 ??????? 1963 ??? ???? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????, 1964 ??? ????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ???? ??????? ???????. ???? ??????? ???????? ?????????? , ??????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ????????????? ????????? ???? ????? ?????????????. ?????????? ???????????? 1964 ??? ??????? ??????????, ????????? ???????? ???????? ?? ??????? ????? ???????????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? [3] .

?????????????? ??????????? ????????? ??????????????? ??????? ??????????? ???????????, ???????????????? ??????????? ??? ????????????. ??????????????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????????????????? ?????. ??????????????? ?????????? ???????, ?????????? ????? ??????, ?????????? ??? ?????? ??????, ???? ???, ???? ??????????? ???? ?? ???????? ??????????????. ??????? ???????????? ????????? ?????????????, ?????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ??????. ?????????? ???????????? ????????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????????????? ????????? ????? ??????????? ??? ???????? ????????? ???? ???????????? ??????? ??????????? ???????????? ????????????. [7] ?????? ???????? ?????????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????? ??????????????? ???? ???????????.

?????????????? 100 ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??????????????, ??? ??????? ??????????????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????? ??????. [8] ?????????????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ?????????????? ????????? ???? ??????????????????: ????? , ?????????? , ????????, ???????? ?????. [8] ????????????, ?????????? ?????????????? ????????????? ???????? ???????????. [8] ?????????? ??????? ????? ??????????????, ???????? ???? ?????????? ??????????????, ???? ?????????????????, ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ??????????????????? ????????????????????; ??????????? ?????????? ?????????????????, ??????????????, ???? ?????????????????, ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ???????????, [8] ????????????????????. ??????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ??????????? ??????????? ????????????????. [9] ???????? ???? ?? ?? ????????? ????????????? ??? ??????????, ???????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ?????????????. [10] ???????????????? ?????? 10% ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????????????, ?????? 90% ???????????? ??? ????????? ??????? ????????????. [8] ??????????? ?????????????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????????????; ?????????????? ?? ????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ???????; ????? ?????????????? ??????????. [11] [12] [13] ???????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ??????????????????, ???????? ???? ????? ????????? ???????????? ?????????? ????????. [8] [14] ???????????? ????????????????,  ???? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????????????. [15]

??????????-????? ????????? ???????? ???? ( ????? ???) ??????? ??????????????? ????? ??????????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ??????. ???????????? ????????? ???????? 2014 ?????????????????? ??????? ?????????????. [16] [17] ??????? ?????????? (?.??.??.) ???? ????????????? ??????????? ????????? ?? 2013-?? ??? ????????? ??????? ??????. [18] ????? , ??????? ?????????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ?????????? ???? ??????????????. [19]

????????? [ ???? ]

"??????????" ???? ????????, ??? ????????? ???????? ??????? ????????????????, ??? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ????????? ????????????? ????? ???? ??????????, ??? ???????? ???????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????? ?????????????. [20] " ?????????? " ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???? (???? ?????) ??????? ?????? ("???????? ??????", "?????????") ???? ????????? ??????? ????????, ??? "????????????? ???????????" ???? ????????? ????????????. ??? ??? ????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????????. [21] ?????????? ???? ????? "??????" ?????????????? ??????, ??? ??????? ???????? ???????????? ????? ("???????" ????? ?????? ?????????????)   ??????? ?????? ??????? "????" (?????? ??????? ????? ??????) [22] ??????????? ???????? ??????????.

??????? [ ???? ]

?????????????????? ?????????????? ??????? ????????????. ???????????????, 10 ??????? 20 °C (50 ??????? 68 °F) ?????????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ?????????. ???????? ??? ?????????? ?????????????? 20 °C (68 °F) ?????? ????????? ?????????. ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? (25-31 °C ?????? 77.0-87.8 °F) ????????????, ?? ??????? ?????? (15-20 °C ?????? 59-68 °F) ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????. ?????????? ????????? 20 °C (68.0 °F) ?????.  ??????? ??????????????? ???????????? ????????????? ??????.

?????????????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ?????: ????? (????????-??????) ??????????????? ??? ????????????, ????????? ??? ???????? (????????-???????? ??????? ??????-??) ????????????? ?????????. [23]

??????????? [ ???? ]

  1. ↑ "World Bank Tanzania Country Page" . World Bank . ????????????? ???? 24 November 2015 .
  2. ↑ Aloysius C. Mosha. "The planning of the new capital of Tanzania: Dodoma, an unfulfilled dream" . University of Botswana . http://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf . ??????? ????: 13 March 2013 .  
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 " "???? ????? ???? ???? - ??????????" " . Archived from the original on 2020-11-27 . ????????????? ???? 2007-12-08 .
  4. ↑ "The Tanzania National Website: Country Profile" . Tanzania.go.tz. Archived from the original on 25 November 2013 . ????????????? ???? 1 May 2010 .
  5. ↑ "Dar es Salaam Port" . Tanzaniaports.com. Archived from the original on 22 ???????? 2014 . ????????????? ???? 19 February 2014 . {{ cite web }} : Check date values in: |archive-date= ( help )
  6. ↑ "Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania" (PDF) . Judiciary of Tanzania. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 December 2010 . ????????????? ???? 19 February 2014 .
  7. ↑ "Kalambo Falls" . Encyclopædia Britannica .
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 Ulrich Ammon; Norbert Dittmar; Klaus J. Mattheier (2006). Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society . Walter de Gruyter. pp. 1967?. ??????????? ?????????? ???   978-3-11-018418-1 .
  9. ↑ "Tanzania Ditches English In Education Overhaul Plan" . AFK Insider. 17 February 2015 . http://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ . ??????? ????: 23 February 2015 .  
  10. ↑ Joshua A. Fishman Distinguished University Research Professor of Social Sciences Yeshiva University (Emeritus) (2001). Handbook of Language & Ethnic Identity . Oxford University Press. pp. 361?. ??????????? ?????????? ???   978-0-19-976139-5 .
  11. ↑ Quintin Winks (2011). Tanzania ? Culture Smart!: The Essential Guide to Customs & Culture . Kuperard. pp. 145?. ??????????? ?????????? ???   978-1-85733-625-2 .
  12. ↑ Colin Baker; Sylvia Prys Jones (1998). Encyclopedia of Bilingualism and Bilingual Education . Multilingual Matters. pp. 367?. ??????????? ?????????? ???   978-1-85359-362-8 .
  13. ↑ Francois Grosjean (1982). Life with Two Languages: An Introduction to Bilingualism . Harvard University Press. pp. 8?. ??????????? ?????????? ???   978-0-674-53092-8 .
  14. ↑ Matthias Brenzinger (1992). Language Death: Factual and Theoretical Explorations with Special Reference to East Africa . Walter de Gruyter. pp. 86?. ??????????? ?????????? ???   978-3-11-013404-9 .
  15. ↑ Concise Encyclopedia of Languages of the World . Elsevier. 2010. pp. 1026?. ??????????? ?????????? ???   978-0-08-087775-4 .
  16. ↑ Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in Africa South of the Sahara , edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. ??????????? ?????????? ??? 1-85743-659-8
  17. ↑ "Tanzania: After Two Days, No Agreement Over Lake Niassa" . AllAfrica.com . 22 March 2014 . http://allafrica.com/stories/201403230009.html .  
  18. ↑ "Malawi, Tanzania agree on ICJ over lake dispute | TVC NEWS" . tvcnews.tv.
  19. ↑ "Declarations Recognizing the Jurisdiction of the Court as Compulsory | International Court of Justice" . icj-cij.org.
  20. ↑ Harper, Douglas. "tanzania" . Online Etymology Dictionary .
  21. ↑ John Knouse: A Political World Gazetteer: Africa website accessed 1 May 2007.
  22. ↑ Harper, Douglas. "zanzibar" . Online Etymology Dictionary .
  23. ↑ Zorita, Eduardo; Tilya, Faustine F. (12 February 2002). "Rainfall variability in Northern Tanzania in the March?May season (long rains) and its links to large-scale climate forcing" (PDF). Climate Research (Inter-Research Science Center) 20 : 31?40. doi : 10.3354/cr020031 . http://www.int-res.com/articles/cr2002/20/c020p031.pdf . ??????? ????: 16 October 2014 .  

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