??. ??. ???????
???????	18 ???????? 1856 ??????????? , Lancashire , UK
??????	30 ?????? 1940 ( 1940-08-30 ) (???? 83) ?????????? , UK
???????	?????????????
????	?????????
???????????	?????????? ?????????????
????? ???? ???????	??????????? ????????????? ?????????? ?????????????
Academic advisors	John Strutt (Rayleigh) Edward John Routh
??????????????? ?????????	Charles Glover Barkla ???????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????????? Francis William Aston John Townsend ??. ???????? ??????????? Owen Richardson ????????? ?????? ?????? H. Stanley Allen John Zeleny Daniel Frost Comstock ?????? ?????? T. H. Laby Paul Langevin Balthasar van der Pol Geoffrey Ingram Taylor
????????????	Plum pudding model ??????????? ????????????? ?????????? ????????????? Mass spectrometer invention First m/e measurement Proposed first waveguide Thomson scattering Thomson problem Coining term 'delta ray' Coining term 'epsilon radiation' Thomson (unit)
?????????	?????????????? ????? ????? (1906)
?????????
???????????
Thomson is the father of Nobel laureate George Paget Thomson .

??.??. ??????? (Joseph John Thomson) ????? ??????? ?????????????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ( ???????? 18 , 1856 - ?????? 30 , 1940 )??????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???????????? ???????????? ?????? ??????????? ?????. ???? ???????????? , ?????????? , ???????????? ???????? ???????? ????????. '???? ??? ??????????? ?????' ???? ??????????????. ???? ??????????? ????????????. ????????? ???????????? ?????????? ????????????? ???? ????????????? '?????? ?????' ??????? 1906 -?? ?????????????? ????? ????? ??????????? ????????.????? ???? ????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??????????? ?????????????. ^[1]

???? [ ???? ]

1856- ??? ????? ????????????? ????????????? ???? '??????? ??????' (Cheetham Hill)???? ???????? ?????????. ??????? ???????? ????????????? ????????????? ?????????????. 1870-?? ????????????? ???? ??????? ?????????????, ???? 1876-?? ????????????? ???? ???????? ????????????? ???????? ?????????. ????? ????? ?????????? ??????? '?????? ?????' ???????? ^[2] . ???? ??????? ??????? ???????????? ??? ?????????????? ??????????? ????????????????.

??????? ????? ???? ??? ???????????? ????????????. ????? ?????? ????? ????????? ????????? ???????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????????????? ?????????? ???? ????????? ???????????????????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ?????????????? ????? ?????????????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???????? ????????. 1883 -?? ???????????????? ???????????? ?????????????????. ???????????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ??????????? (Experimental Physics) ????????? ???????????? ???????????? ????????????????. ???????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ???????????? ?????????. 1884 ????? 1918 ??? ?????????? ???????????? ????????????????, ???????? ???? ????? ?????????????? ???????????????? ^[3] . ????? ????????? ??????????????? ?????. 1890-?? ???? ???????? ???? ???????? ???????? ????????????????. ???????? ??? ??????, ?????? ?????????. ??????? ???? ' ?????? ????? ??????? ' ??????????? ????????? ???????????? ??????? ?????????? 1937-?? ????????? ????????.

????????????? [ ???? ]

??????? ???????????? ??????? ????? ????????? ?????? " ?????????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????" (Treatise on the motion of Vortex Rings) ???? ???????????????? ????????????. ??? 1884-?? ?????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ??????. 1886-??'?????????, ????????? ???????????? ???????'(Application of the Dynamics to Physics and Chemistry) ???? ???????????????? ????????????.

1892-?? ' ???????????? , ???????????? ????? ???????? ?????? ???????????' (Notes on Recent Researches in Electricity and Magnetism)???? ???? ????????????. ?????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ????????????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ??? ??????????????. ??????????? ???????? (J.H.Poynting) ?????????? ??????? ?????????????? ????????? '???????? ????????'(Properties of Matter) ???? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ??????????????????.

??????? ???????? ?????? ????? [ ???? ]

Thomson's illustration of the Crookes tube by which he observed the deflection of cathode rays by an electric field (and later measured their mass to charge ratio). Cathode rays were emitted from the cathode C, passed through slits A (the anode) and B ( grounded ), then through the electric field generated between plates D and E, finally impacting the surface at the far end.

The cathode ray (blue line) was deflected by the electric field (yellow).

??????? ????????? ??????????????? (Cathode Ray Tube) ???? ?????? ????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ???????????. ????????????????????????? ?????????????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????. ??? ???????? ????????? ???? ??????, ???????? ?? ??????????????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ???? ?????? ???????????. ??????????????????? ????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ^[4] . ?????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??????? ???????????????? ???????? ????? ???????????. ?????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????? ??????????? ????????????? ???????????. ???? ????? ????????? ???????? ????????????? ??????????????? ???????????? ^[5] .

???????(??????????) ????????? [ ???? ]

????????? ??????? ???????????? ????????? -???? ??????????? (Charge-mass ratio) ??????? ???????????. ???? ????????? ?????????? '????????(Corpuscles)' ????? ???????????. ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ???????????? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????????? ^[6] . ????????? ????????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????????? ?????????. ?????? ????? ??????????, ???????????? ????????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????????? ???????. ???? ???? ???? ??? ??????????? ????? ????? ??????????????.

1895-?? '??????????? ?????? ???????','??????, ???????????? ???????????' ???? ??? ??????????? ????????????. ??? 1921-?? ???????? ????????????? ??????????????. 1896-?? ??????? ????????? ???????. ??????? ????????? ?????????? ???????????? ????? ?????? ????????????? ?????????????. ??????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ???????????? ???? ???? ????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????????. 1897 ?????? 30 ??????????? ??? ???????????. 1903-?? ???? ????????? "??????????? ????? ????????? ????????? " ???? ????????? ???? ??? ????????? ????????????. '????????? ???????????????? ????????? ?????????? ????? ???????' ???? ????????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ????????? ????????????? (1928,1933 ???? ??????????) ?????? ???????????? ???????????????. 1904-?? ???????? ????????? ????????. ????????? ??????? ????????? ????? ???? ??????? ????????? ??????????????????. '??????? ???????' ?????? ??????? ?????????? ??????????????.

???????????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? [ ???? ]

???????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???????????? ???????????????? ????????? ?????? ??????, ??????????? ????? ?????????????????? ???????????? ???????? ?? ?????????????? ???????????? ?????? ??? ???????? ????? ???????????. ?????? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ?????????????? ??????? ??? ????????? ?????????? ??????????????. ???? ???????????? ??????? ????????? ??????, ???????????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???????? (Mass spectrograph)????????????.

1906-?? ???????????? ???????? ??????????? ????? ????????????? ?????????????? ???????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ????????????? ????? ????? ?????????????. ??? , ????? ???????? ????????, ??????, ?????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????? ???? ??????????? ????? ?????????? ???? ?????????????? ????????????? ????????? ??????????? ???? ??????????. ??? ??? ???????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ???????????? ??????????. ???? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??????????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ????????.

????????? ??????? [ ???? ]

• ??????? ??????? (The Structure of Light)-1907
• ???????? ????? ?????? (The Corpuscular Theory of Matter)-1913
• ???? ????????? ???????? (Positive Rays of Electricity)-1913
• ??????????? ?????????? (The electron in Chemistry)-1936
• ?????????????? ?????????????????(??? ??????)(Recollection and Reflections)-1936

????? ?? ??????? ????? ????????????.

?????????? [ ???? ]

1908 -?? ?????????? ????? ????? ??????? (Order of Merit) ??????????????. 1912 -?? ?????????? ?????????? ??????????. ????? ??????????? ??????? ?????????? ????????, ???? ???? 1916 ????? 1920 ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????????????. 1918-?? ???????? ??????????? ???????????. ????????? ????????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????????. ????? ???????? ?????????? (1894,1902) ????????? ????????????? ???????????? ?????????? ??????? (1902) ?????? ??????? (????????????-1923) ???? ?? ???????????? ?????? ???????????????.

????? [ ???? ]

??????? ?? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??????? 85 ???????? ???????? 1940 ?????? ????? 30 ??? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????????. ????????????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ????????? ????? (West Minister Abbey) ???? ???????? ??????? ???? ??????? ????????????? ?????????? ?????????????.

?????????? ??????? [ ???? ]

• ?????????????? ????? ????? ???????????

????????? [ ???? ]

• '???????? ?????? ' ???? ????????? '???????? ???' ???????? 2009 ???? ???????.
• ?????????? ???????? ???????????????? ??????? ^{[ ??????????? ??????? ]}
• ?????????????? ???? ????????

??????????? [ ???? ]

1. ↑ "??????????? ????????? ???? ????? ??????????????" . Vikatan . 11 january 2016 . http://www.vikatan.com/news/coverstory/36348.html . ??????? ????: 13 February 2017 .  
2. ↑ Thomson, Joseph John in Venn, J. & J. A., Alumni Cantabrigienses , ???????????? ????????????? ????????? , 10 vols, 1922?1958.
3. ↑ name="frs"^ a b Rayleigh (1941). "Joseph John Thomson. 1856-1940". Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society 3 (10): 586?526. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1941.0024. edit
4. ↑ ^ Thomson (8 February 1897)'On the cathode rays', Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, 9, 243
5. ↑ ^ a b J.J. Thomson (1897)"Cathode rays", Philosophical Magazine, 44, 293
6. ↑ ^ Falconer (2001)"Corpuscles to electrons"

???????????? ???????????? ,
Joseph John Thomson
???????? ???????? ?????.