한국   대만   중국   일본 
????? - ????? ?????????????? ?????????????????? ????

?????

?????????? : 32°44′N 74°52′E  /  32.73°N 74.87°E  / 32.73; 74.87
??????? ??????????????? ?????????????????? ???????.
????? ???????
????????? ???????
அமர் மஹால் அரண்மனையின் தோற்றம்
???? ????? ??????????? ???????
ஜம்மு காஷ்மீர் ஒன்றியப்பகுதியில் அமைந்துள்ள ஜம்மு கோட்டம் (சிவப்பு)
????? ???????? ????????????????? ?????????? ????? ??????? (???????)
??????????: 32°44′N 74°52′E  /  32.73°N 74.87°E  / 32.73; 74.87
????   ???????
????????????? ????? ??????? ????????
??????? ????? (????)
????
 ? ??? ???????
 ? ????? ?????? ???. ?????? ??????? (???)
????????
 ? ??????? 26,293 km 2 (10,152 sq mi)
??????????
 ? ??????? 53,50,811
 ? ???????? 200/km 2 (530/sq mi)
???????
 ? ?????? ???? Dogri , ????? , ????? , ???????? [1] [2]
 ? ???? ???? ?????? ???? , ???????? , ?????-???????? , ??????? , ????? , ????? , ?????? ????
??? ????? ????+5:30 ( IST )
???????? http://divcomjammu.gov.in/

????? ( Jammu , (??????: ?????, ????? : ????) ??????????? ??????????? ????????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????????????? ?????????. ???? ????? ???? ????? ?????????? ??????? ????????? ?????????. ????????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ??????????? ????????????. ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????. ????????? ?????????????? ?????? ??????? 2.7 ????????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????????????????. [3] ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????????????? ???????????? ????????? ??????????? ?????????????? ???????.

????????? [ ???? ]

???? ??????? ?????????? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ???????????.

????????? ????????? ???????? ???????? , ????????? ????? , ???????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????. ?????? ????????? ????????? ????????????? ???? ??????? ?????????? -???????????????? ( ????? ???????? ) ???????????. ????????? ??????????? ???????? ???????? ???????????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?? ??????????????? ????? ???? ????????? ??????????????? ??????????. ??????, ???? ????????? ???? ???? ??????? ????????????? , ??????? ?????????, ???? ?????????? ???? ????? ???? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ??????????? ?????. ???????? ??????????????????????? ??????? ???? ??????? ????????????? ????????????.

????????? ????? ????????? ??????????? ?????: ???-???? ?????????, ????????, ???? ???????? ?????, ?????? ????????????, ??????? ????????????, ????? ????????????, ????? ????????????, ????????-?????? ????????????.

????????? ????????? ?????? '??????'????? ???????????????. ??????? ?????? ???????? ????????????.

????????? ?????? [ ???? ]

????????? ???? ?????

????? ???????? ?????????????? "????? ???????", ???????? ?????????????? ?????? ??????? ???????????? ???????????? ??????????????? ???????????. ???????? ?????? ??????????????????]] ?????? ????????? ????????? 22 ??? ???????????? ?????? ???????? ????????. ????????????? "????? ????" ?? ?????????????? ( Dugar [4] "?????" ?????? ????????? ??????? "??????" ??????? ?????? "??????" ???? ????????????? ???????? ???????? ??????????. ?????? ????????? ?????????????????? ?????? ????????, ????? ??????? ??????? ??????????????? ??????????????.

11 ??? ???????????? ????? ????????????? ????? ???????? "??????" ???? ???????? ?????????????. ????? ????????????? ???? ?????????? ????? ????????????? ??? ???? ?????????????. ??????? ???????????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????????????????. ?????? ?????? "?????????" (?????? ??????????) ?????? "????????" (?????? ??????) ?????????? ??????????? ??????? ??????????????. ??? ????????? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????????.. [5] [6] [7] [8]

???????? ????????????? ????? ???? ????? ?????????????????????. 1398 ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????????????????? ????? ?????? ??????????????? ????????????. 16 ??? ???????????? ?????????????? ?????? ???????? ?????????????, ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????? ?????????????????????. ??????? ?????? , ??????? ??? ??????????? ?????? ????????????? ?????????????????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????????????? ??????????????. ????? ????????????, ?????????? ??????? ????????? ????????????? ????????????????????. ???? ???????? ???????? ???? ??? ?????? ???????????? ???????? ?????????? ??????????????? ?????? ?????????????. [9]

18 ??? ???????????? ???????? ???????? ?????????????? ??????? "?????????" ????????????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????????, ????? ??????? ?????? ???????????????? ????????????? ??????????. ????? ???? ????????? ??????? ????????? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????????????? ????? ??????? ????????????. [10] [11] ??????? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ??????????? ????????? ??????????????? ( ??????? ??????????? ) ??????? ???? ??????????. ????? ????????? ???????????????? ????? ???? ??????? ???????. [12] 1808 ???, ????? ???????? ????? ???????? ???????? ????? ????????? ????????? ??????????????. [13]

?????? ???????? ?????? ???????? [ ???? ]

????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????

????? ?????????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????????????? ?????? ???? , ???????????????? ??????????. ????????? ???? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ????????????????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???????????? ???? ????????. 1821 ??? ?????????? , ????? ????????? ???????????? 1822 ??? ????????? ??????? ??????? ????????, ????????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??????????????; ?????????????? ??????? ???? ?????????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ??????????, ???????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????????. [14] [15]

1827 ??????? ??????????, ?????????????? ????????????? ????????? ??????? ?????????????? ???? ??????????????????? ?????????????. [16] ???????? ????????? ???????? ???????????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????????????? ??????.

1839 ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????????? ??????? ????????? ??????, ????????? ????????????????? ?????????????. ?????????????? ?????????? ????? ????, ???????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ????????????? ??????????????. ???? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ???????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????????. [17] [18] During the ??????? ????????-????????? ?????? ???? (1845?1846) ?????? ???? ????????? ???????? ??????? ????????. ???? ?????????? ??????????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????????????????????. ????? ???????????? ???? ????????? ?????? ?????????????? ???????????? ???????? ???????. [19]

????????????? ????????????? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???????????? ???????? ??????????????. ???? ??????????? ?????? ??????????? ????????? ??????? ????????????????? ??????????? ??????????????? ???? ??????????? ???????????? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ????????????. ????????? ?????? ???? ?????????????????. 7.5 ????????? ??????????? ????????? ??????????. [20] . ???????? ????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????????? ??????????.

?????? ????????? ??????? ???????, ????? ?????????????? ????? ????????????????? ???????????? ??????????????? ???????? ????????????????? ??????????? ???????. ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ???????????? ?????????? ???????? ???????????? ????? ????? ??????????????. ????? ????? ???? ???????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????????????. ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?????????; ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????????????????? ???????????? ??????????.

???????????? ?????????????? [ ???? ]

??????????, ???????, ?????????? ????????????? ????????? ????? ( ?????? ????? ????????? ?????????

???????? ???????????????? ????? ???????? ???????????? ????? ??? ???? ???????????????????. ?????????? ??? ????? ?????????????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????????????????? (???????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ??????) ????????? ??????? ????????? ???? ????????????????????. ??????? ????? ?????????????? ?????? ???????? ????? ???????????? ??????????????? ???????????? ??? ?????????? ????????????? ?????????. ????? ???? ????????? ???????????? ?????? ???????? ???????????????. 1947 ??? ?????????? ??????????? 1947 ??? ??????? ???????? 26, 27 ??? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????????????? ???? ???????????? ????? ????????? ??????????? ???????? ???????. ????? ???????????, ??????, ?????????? ????????????? ??????????????? ???????????????? ???????????? ????????????????? ???????. ?????????????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????????????????? ?????? ???????????? ??????, ?????? 370 -??? ???? ????????? ???????.

?????? ???? [ ???? ]


????????? ???????? (2011) [21]

    ????? ????? (63.9%)
    ??????? (33.50%)
    ????????? (2%)
    ?????????? (0.3%)
   Others (0.2%)
   Not Stated (0.1%)

?????: 2011 ???????????????????? ?????? ?????????????? ???????? [22]

    ?????? (46.59%)
   ????? (13.23%)
    ????? (13.07%)
   ???????? (11.07%)
   ?????? (5.45%)
    ????? (3.46%)
   ??????? (3.12%)
   ???????? (1.83%)
   ?????? (1.44%)
    ????? (0.18%)

2011 ????????????????? ????????? ?????????? 5,350,811. [23] ????? ?????????????? ??????? ????????? ( ?????????? ) 19.44% [24] ????????????? 15-20%. ??????? ????? ????????????? (???????????? ??????????????????) ??????????????? ???????????? ??????????????? ?????????????????? ???????????? ?????????????. ?????????? ?????????? ??????? - ?????????? , ????-??????????? ??????????????? ????? ????????????????. [25] [26] ????????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ???????????????. ??????? ????????? ????? ?????????????? ???????? 47% ????. [27] [28] ????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ????????????????? ???????. [29]

???? ???

????? ??????????? ?????????????? ? 84% ??????????; 7% ??????????; ???????????????? ????????????????????? ?????????. [23] ????? (????) , ????? , ?????, ???????? ????????????? ?????????????????????? ?????? ???????????? ??????????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ???????. [23] ????????? ???????????? ?????????? ???????????, ??????? ??????????? , ????????????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ?????????????????? ??????, ????? ?????????? ???????????????? ???????? ?????????????. ???????????? ????????????, ???????????? ??????? ?????? ??????????????? ??????????????????????.

?????, ????????, ?????, ?????, ???? ???? ????? ??????????????? ??????????????? ?????? " ?????? ???? ????????????." [30] ????? ??????????? ?????????? ??? ???????: ?????? ???? , ?????-??????????, ???????? ???? , ????? , ??????? , ????? . [30]

????? ??????????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ????????? (2011 ?????????????????) [22]
???????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??????????
001002 ?????? ???? 2,930 0.05%
002007 ?????? ???? 8,826 0.16%
004001 ?????? 2,505,677 46.59%
005018 ????????? 2,581 0.05%
005054 ?????? 13,651 0.25%
006086 ???????? 98,159 1.83%
006096 ???????/???? 24,019 0.45%
006102 ???????? 6,455 0.12%
006125 ???????? ???? 1,303 0.02%
006142 ?????????? ???? 9,287 0.17%
006173 ???????? ???? 2,073 0.04%
006195 ????? ???? 794 0.01%
006207 ?????? ???? 703,049 13.07%
006235 ????????? 10,230 0.19%
006240 ????? 186,204 3.46%
006340 ???????? ???? 946 0.02%
006376 ???? ???? 1,133 0.02%
006438 ????? 17,225 0.32%
006439 ????? 711,587 13.23%
006489 ?????????????? 2,119 0.04%
007016 ??????? 3,445 0.06%
008005 ???????? 595,290 11.07%
008010 ?????????? 39,606 0.74%
008018 Siraji 77,355 1.44%
008019 ?????? 3,669 0.07%
010008 ?????? ???? 578 0.01%
011016 ???????? 5,994 0.11%
012003 ???????????? 1,195 0.02%
013071 ??????? 11,007 0.20%
014011 ?????? 17,214 0.32%
015043 ????? 4,923 0.09%
016038 ??????? 167,602 3.12%
020027 ????? 6,984 0.13%
021046 ???????? 7,214 0.13%
022015 ????? 9,702 0.18%
024001 ????? 559 0.01%
031011 ??????? ???? 1,971 0.04%
040001 ???????? 398 0.01%
053005 ?????? ???? 22,063 0.41%
055007 ???? ???? 1,195 0.02%
073003 ????? ???? 596 0.01%
109005 ???? 613 0.01%
? ??? 91,117 1.69%
??????? 5,378,538 100.00%

??????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ???????. ????????? ????????????? ????????????????? ???????????????????. 1941 ?????????????????, ???????? 30%; ????????????? 27%; ???????? 15%; 4% ???? ?? ?????? ; 8% ????? ???????? . [31] . ?????? 8% ???? ??????? ????? ?????????? ???????. [32] ????????? ?????????????? ??? ???????????????? ?????????? 32% ????. [33]

??????????? [ ???? ]

???? ????????????? ????????? ????? ?????, ???? ?? ?????? ?????

????? ???????? ????? ??????????? ?????:

?????? 2021 ?????? ????????:

???????????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ??????????
(2001) [34] 		??????????
(2011) [34] 		?????????? ?????????? (2011) [35]
???????
(km 2 ) 		Total
(sq mile) 		Rural
(km 2 ) 		Urban
(km 2 ) 		????? % ??????? %
????? ???????? ????? 2,502 966 2,458.84 43.16 [36] 5,50,084 6,15,711 87.6% 10.4%
????? ???????? ????? 2,342 904 2,089.87 252.13 [37] 13,43,756 15,26,406 84.3% 7.5%
????? ???????? ????? 904 349 865.24 38.76 [38] 2,45,016 3,18,611 86.3% 7.2%
???????? ???????? ???????? 2,637 1,018 2,593.28 43.72 [39] 4,75,068 5,55,357 88.1% 10.8%
?????? ???????? ?????? 1,719 664 1,679.99 39.01 [40] 2,68,441 3,14,714 48.9% 49.7%
????? ???????? ????? 2,630 1,015 2,608.11 21.89 [41] 4,83,284 6,19,266 34.5% 62.7%
?????? ???????? ?????? 1,674 646 1,649.92 24.08 [42] 3,72,613 4,76,820 6.8% 90.5%
???? ???????? ???? 2,625 1,014 2,617.00 8.00 [43] 3,20,256 4,09,576 45.8% 53.8%
???????? ???????? ???????? 1,329 513 1,313.92 15.08 [44] 1,80,830 2,83,313 28.6% 70.7%
?????????? ???????? ?????????? 7,737 2,987 7,732.00 15.00 [45] 1,90,843 2,31,037 40.7% 57.8%

?????? ????????????? ?????????????? ???????? ???????? ???? ????????? ????????? ????????????? ????????? ???????: ???????, ??????, ????????, ?????? (???????? ????????), ????? , ????, ?????????? ???????? . ??????? ?????????????? Today these districts are part of ?????????? ?????????????????? ????????? ?????.

?????????? ??????? [ ???? ]

?????? ???? ??????
??????? ???
???? ??????
???????? ??????
???????
???????? ???? ??????

????? ????? ???????????????, ???? ??????? ???????????????, ????? ??????? ??????????????????, ????????????????, ????????????????? , ??????????????? ????????????. ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????????? ????? ???????????. ????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????????, ?????????????? ?????????? ???? ????????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ????????????????????. [46] [46] ????????? ???????? ???????? ??????????, ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????????????? ??????????.

????????? ?????????? ???????:

????????? ?????????? [ ???? ]

???? (13 ?????) [ ???? ]

?????? ??????? ????? ????????? ??????? ???????????????, ?????? ??? ?????????????? ???????????? ????????????????? ????????? ????? ????????? ?????????? ???????????????.

???? ??????? , ???? ????? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ????? ??????, ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ????????????? ???????????????? ??????????? ?????? ?????????????. ?????????????????, ?????????? ??????? ???? ????????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????????????? ????????? ???????????????? ?????? ???????? ????????????.

???????? "?????" ???? ??? ????????? ???? ??????????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????. ?????????? ???? ?????????????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????? '??????????' (?????) ?????? ??????????? ????????? ????? ???????????. ??? ?????????? ??????? ??????????? ??????????.

?????? (?????? 13 ?????? 14) [ ???? ]

?????? ?????????????? ????? ?????? ????? ( ??????? ) ??????? ????????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????????. ??????? ???????, ????? ????????? ????? ???????, ???? ?????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ???????????????. ?????? ????????? "???????? ???????" ?????? "???????? ????????" ??????? ???????????, ?????? ??????????? ????? ?????????? ????? ??? ??? ?????????? ????????. ??????? ???????? ????????? ??????, ???????? ?????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ??????????, ????????????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????.

???? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ???????????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????????????? ????? ???????????, ????????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????????????. ?????????????? ???????? ??????? ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????, 1699 ??? ????? ????????????? ?????????????. ??????? ?????????, ??????????? ??????????, ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ( "???????" ) ?????????? ???????, ?????? ???????????????? ????????????.

??? ???? (??????-?????? ??????? ??????????-????????) [ ???? ]

??? ?????????? ???? ???? ???????? ????????? ??????? ???? ??????????? ?????????????????.

?????? ??????? (??????-??????) [ ???? ]

?????? ???? (????????? ??????? 25 ??.??.) ??????? ?????????? (????????? ??????? 28 ??.??) ???? ????????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????????? ?????????????????. ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ??????????????. (????? ???????????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????????????)

?????????? ???? (???????? -??????) [ ???? ]

????? ?????? ??????? 39 ??.??. ???????? ?????????? ??????. ??????????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ????????????. ?????? ??????????? ?????, ?? ???? ?????, ???????????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????? ????? ????????????. ??????????? ????? ??????????? ???????? ????? ??????????? ???? ???????????????? ???????.

???? ???? (????????-???????) [ ???? ]

??????? ??????????? ????????? ???????????? ????????, ???? ????????? ??????? ????? ????????????? ????? ???????, ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ???????????????, ???? ?????? ???? ????, ????????? ??????????? ???????? ??? ????????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ????????????????. ????????? ??????? 14 ??.??. ???????? ????????? ???? ???? ??????????? ?????? ????? ??????????????????. ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????????, ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????????????? ????? ???? ????????? ???????? ???????? ????? ????????????, ????????????? ???????? ?????????????????.

?????????? ??????? (??????????-????????) [ ???? ]

?????? ????????? ?????? ???? ??????????? ????? ???????? ?? ??????????????, ?????????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ??????????? ??????? ????????????? ???????????????. ???? ????????? ???????????? ???????? , ???? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????????? ????????? ????? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ??????????? ???????????? ??????? ??????????/???????? ?????????? ??????? ???????????. ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ????????????????. ???? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????????, ??? ?????? ????? ???????????? ????? ??????????????? ?????????????. ?????????????????? ????????? ?????? ???? ???????????, ?????????? ????????? ????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ????????????.

????? (?????? ?????????) [ ???? ]

????? (?????? ????????? ) ??? ???????? ??????? ?????. ???????? ????????????? ?????????????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????????????????. "???? ?????? ????????? ????? ?????????? ??????, ??? ??? ????????, ?????? ?????? ????????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????????, ??????????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ????????" ????? ??????? ?????? ???????????. ?????? ?????? ???????????, ????? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ???????????.

????? [ ???? ]

  • ????? ?????????????
  • ???? ????????? ??????? ??????????? ???????, ?????
  • ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????????????? ?????
  • ?? ?? ??? ???????? ??????? , ?????
  • ???? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???????????, ?????.
  • ????? ????????????? ??? ???????????? ????? ????????? (M.I.E.T), ???? ??????, ?????
  • ?????? ????????? ???? ?????? ??? ???????????? & ????????? (MBSCET) ???????, ?????
  • I.C.E.S. ?????? ??? ???????????? & ?????????
  • ????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? & ?????????
  • ???? ??????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????????, B.B.A, B.C.A.
  • ????-?-???????? ???????????? ??? ????????????? ???????? ????? ????????? - ?????
  • ??????? ??? ????????? ???????? ????? ?????? ????????, R.S.????
  • ?????? ????? ???????

?????????????? [ ???? ]

  1. ↑ "The Jammu and Kashmir Official Languages Act, 2020" (PDF) . The Gazette of India. 27 September 2020 . ????????????? ???? 27 September 2020 .
  2. ↑ "Parliament passes JK Official Languages Bill, 2020" . Rising Kashmir . 23 September 2020 ??? ????????? ??????? 24 ?????????? 2020 ?????. ?????????????. . https://web.archive.org/web/20200924141909/http://risingkashmir.com/news/parliament-passes-jk-official-languages-bill-2020 .  
  3. ↑ "Looks at possible solutions for Kashmir" . news.bbc.co.uk . BBC News Online.
  4. ↑ Vogel, J. Ph (1933). History of the Panjab Hill States Vol. 1 . pp. 45?46.
  5. ↑ H????, Textiles, Costumes, and Ornaments of the Western Himalaya 1998 , ?. 178, 180.
  6. ↑ Hutchison & Vogel, History of Panjab Hill States, Volume 2 1933 , ?. 517?518.
  7. ↑ Bamzai, Culture and Political History of Kashmir 1994 , ?. 184.
  8. ↑ Stein, Kalhana's Rajatarangini 1989 , ?. 432.
  9. ↑ Mohammad, Jigar (November 2010), "Raja Ranjit Dev's Inclusive Policies and Politico-economic developments in Jammu" , Epilogue , vol. 4, no. 11, pp. 40?42
  10. ↑ Jeratha, Dogra Legends of Art & Culture 1998 , ?. 187.
  11. ↑ Panikkar, Gulab Singh 1930 , ?. 10.
  12. ↑ Panikkar, Gulab Singh 1930 , ?. 10?12.
  13. ↑ Panikkar, Gulab Singh 1930 , ?. 15?16.
  14. ↑ Panikkar, Gulab Singh 1930 , ?. 14-34.
  15. ↑ Huttenback, Gulab Singh and the Creation of the Dogra State 1961 , ?. 478.
  16. ↑ Panikkar, Gulab Singh 1930 , ?. 37.
  17. ↑ Panikkar, Gulab Singh 1930 , ?. 65-72.
  18. ↑ Satinder Singh, Raja Gulab Singh's Role 1971 , ?. 37.
  19. ↑ Satinder Singh, Raja Gulab Singh's Role 1971 , ?. 46-50.
  20. ↑ Satinder Singh, Raja Gulab Singh's Role 1971 , ?. 52-53.
  21. ↑ "Population by religion community ? 2011" . Census of India, 2011 . The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Archived from the original on 25 August 2015.
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 C-16 Population By Mother Tongue ? Jammu & Kashmir (Report). Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India . ????????????? ???? 18 July 2020 .
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 23.2 Census of India: Provisional Population Totals Paper 1 of 2011: Jammu & Kashmir
  24. ↑ "Fate of J&K Dalits evades attention of civil society" . The Tribune . 2016-04-16 . ????????????? ???? 2020-08-27 .
  25. ↑ "Tribal Gujjars, Bakarwals advised to suspend seasonal migration in J&K" . Outlook Magazine . 2020-04-05 . ????????????? ???? 2020-08-27 .
  26. ↑ "Gaddis, Sippis allege bias" . The Tribune . 2017-09-11 . ????????????? ???? 2020-08-27 .
  27. ↑ C-16 Population By Mother Tongue: Jammu and Kashmir , General & Census Commissioner, India, retrieved 14 July 2018.
  28. ↑ Arakotaram, Karan (15 October 2019). "The Rise of Kashmiriyat People" (PDF) . {{ cite web }} : CS1 maint: url-status ( link )
  29. ↑ "Jammu and Kashmir | Geography, History, & Points of Interest" (in en). Encyclopedia Britannica . https://www.britannica.com/place/Jammu-and-Kashmir .  
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 ?????? ?????? , Nearly 35% People Speak Kashmiri In Erstwhile J&K: Study ????????????? 2022-07-05 at the ??????? ????????? , Rising Kashmir, 29 June 2014.
  31. ↑ Imperial Gazetteer2 of India, Volume 15, page 99 ? Imperial Gazetteer of India ? Digital South Asia Library
  32. ↑ "Jammu & Kashmir DATA HIGHLIGHTS : THE SCHEDULED CASTES Census of India 2001" (PDF) . censusindia.gov.in .
  33. ↑ "OBC delegation meets Ambika Soni, demands greater reservation in Jammu and Kashmir" . The Economic Times . 2013-08-31 . ????????????? ???? 2020-08-27 .
  34. ↑ 34.0 34.1 Census of India 2011, Provisional Population Totals Paper 1 of 2011 : Jammu & Kashmir . Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India (Report).
    Annexure V, Ranking of Districts by Population Size, 2001 - 2011 (Report).
  35. ↑ "C-1 Population By Religious Community" . Census . ????????????? ???? 10 June 2019 .
  36. ↑ District Census Handbook Kathua (PDF) . Census of India 2011, Part A (Report). 18 June 2014. p. 8 . ????????????? ???? 21 November 2020 .
  37. ↑ District Census Handbook Jammu, Part A (PDF) . Census of India 2011 (Report). 18 June 2014. pp. 13, 51, 116 . ????????????? ???? 21 November 2020 .
    District Census Handbook Jammu, Part B (PDF) . Census of India 2011 (Report). 16 June 2014. pp. 13, 24 . ????????????? ???? 21 November 2020 .
  38. ↑ District Census Handbook Samba, Part A (PDF) . Census of India 2011 (Report). 18 June 2014. pp. 9, 34, 36, 100 . ????????????? ???? 21 November 2020 .
    District Census Handbook Samba, Part B (PDF) . Census of India 2011 (Report). 16 June 2014. pp. 10, 12, 22 . ????????????? ???? 21 November 2020 .
  39. ↑ District Census Handbook Udhampur (PDF) . Census of India 2011 (Report). 16 June 2014. pp. 12, 22 . ????????????? ???? 21 November 2020 .
  40. ↑ District Census Handbook Reasi, Part A (PDF) . Census of India 2011 (Report). 18 June 2014. pp. 9, 37, 88 . ????????????? ???? 21 November 2020 .
    District Census Handbook Reasi, Part B (PDF) . Census of India 2011 (Report). 16 June 2014. pp. 9, 13, 24 . ????????????? ???? 21 November 2020 .
  41. ↑ District Census Handbook Rajouri, Part A (PDF) . Census of India 2011 (Report). 18 June 2014. pp. 11, 107 . ????????????? ???? 21 November 2020 .
    District Census Handbook Rajouri, Part B (PDF) . Census of India 2011 (Report). 16 June 2014. pp. 9, 10, 12, 22 . ????????????? ???? 21 November 2020 .
  42. ↑ District Census Handbook Punch, Part A (PDF) . Census of India 2011 (Report). 18 June 2014. pp. 9, 99 . ????????????? ???? 21 November 2020 .
    District Census Handbook Punch, Part B (PDF) . Census of India 2011 (Report). 16 June 2014. pp. 11, 13, 24 . ????????????? ???? 21 November 2020 .
  43. ↑ District Census Handbook Doda, Part B (PDF) . Census of India 2011 (Report). 18 June 2014. pp. 9, 12, 99 . ????????????? ???? 21 November 2020 .
  44. ↑ District Census Handbook Ramban, Part B (PDF) . Census of India 2011 (Report). 18 June 2014. pp. 10, 12 . ????????????? ???? 21 November 2020 .
  45. ↑ District Census Handbook Kishtwar, Part B (PDF) . Census of India 2011 (Report). 18 June 2014. pp. 9, 10, 22 . ????????????? ???? 21 November 2020 .
  46. ↑ 46.0 46.1 [1]

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