?????

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	??? ???????? ??????????? ??? ?????, ??????????? ????????? ?????????????? ???? ??? ?????????? ???????
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????????????	559?530 ??. ?. ??.
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????????????	559?530 ??. ?. ??.
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????????????	549?530 ??. ?. ??.
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????????????	547?530 ??. ?. ??.
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????????????	539?530 ??. ?. ??.
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??????????	???????? ??????????
???????	???. 600 ??. ?. ??. ; ???????, ???????? (?????? ?????? ??????? , ????? )
??????	4 ???????? 530 ??. ?. ??. (???? 70) ; ???? ?????? , ??? ?????
??????? ????	???????
???????? ?????	???????, ?????????? ???????
???????????? ; ????????	???????? ?????????? ; ??????? ; ??????????? ; ????? ; ???????? ;
????	????????? ??????? (??????????)
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????	?????????? ???????

??????????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????

??????? ????? ( Old Persian : ?????????? ^[5], IPA : [k?uːr?u?] , K?ru? ^[6], Persian : ????? ????, K?ro?e Bozorg ) (???? 600 ?????? 576 – ???????? ^[7]^[8] ???? 530) ???????? ??????????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????. ??????????? ?????????? ???? ??????????? ?????? ???????????? ????. ??? ??????? ????????? ??? ?????????? ?????????????? ????????? ?????. ???? ???????????? ????????? ????? , ????? ????? ????? ?????????????? ?????????????????.

????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ???????????? ??????? ?????????????? ????????? ????????????. ??????? ??? ?????????? ????????? ???????????; ??? ????????? ???????????; ?????? ??????? , ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ???????????? ????????? ???????? ??? ??????????????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????????.

??????? ????? 29 ???????? 30 ???????? ??? ?????????. ??????? ?????, ???????? ?????? , ??????? ?????? , ???? ??????????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ????????????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????????. ????????????? ??????????????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????????????? ??? ???????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ?????? ????? ??????????? ????? ???? ????????? ???? ?????? ???????. ????? ????????????? ???????????. ???? 510 ?????????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????????????. ?????? ????????? ????? ???? ???????? ???????? ????????? ???????. ??????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ????????? ???????, ??????, ????????? ???? ??????????? ???????? ?????????.

???? ????????, ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????????, ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ????????????? ????? ????? ????????? ???????????????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????????????. ???? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ???????????? ????????????????? ????????????????? ????????, ???? ??????? ????? ?????????? ????????????? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ????????? ?????? ?????????????????.

????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????????????????, ????? ?? ??????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????????? ????????? ?????? ????????, ??? ?????? ?????? ?????????????? ???????????????.

??????????? [ ???? ]

"???? ????? ?? ??????, ???? ??????????? ???????????? ??????????." ???? ?????????, ??????? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ????????????????. ^[9] ??? ??????????? ??? ????????? ??????????????????? ???? ???? ???????????.????? ???? ????? ??????? Κ?ρο?, K?ros ????????? ????????? ??? ??????? ??????????. ???? ????????????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????????????? ??????. ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?????????????? ????? ?????????????????. ^[10] ????????? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????????????????? ???? ????????? ?????????????? ?????, "????????? ???????" (????????) ?? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????????????? ?????? ??????? ??????????????? ?????????? ??????? ???????????? ?????????????????????. ?????????? ???????????? "????? ??????" ???????? ????????????? ??????????? ??? ????????????? ???? ?????????????????, ????? ??????? "???????" ???? ??????????? ????????????????.?????? ????????? ??? ??????-????????-???? ???? ?????? ????????????? ????? ????????????? ????? ???????????????????, "???????????????????" ??????? "?????" ?????? "???????? ?????????? ????????? ???????" ??????????. ?????? ??????????, ????????? ????? ??????????, ????? ???? ????? ???????? [k?uː?o?] ?? ???????????????????. ?????????????, ???? ?????? (??????: ????) ????? ?????????????????.

?????????? ???? ?????? [ ???? ]

???????????? ?????????, ????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ???????????: "???? ????? ?? ??????, ???? ??????????? ???????????? ??????????.",??? ???? ?????????, ??????? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ????????????????.

????? ?????? ?????? [ ???? ]

?????? ??????????? ?????? ?????????? ???????????? ???????? ?????????? ??????????????? ???????, ??.??. 9 ??? ?????????? ????? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????????. ???? ?????????? ?????????? ???????? ??????????? (???? ?????? ???????????) ??????? ?????. ??????????????? "?????????????? ???????????", ?? ?????????? 9 ??? ?????? ???????? ???????????, ????? ???????????? ???????????? "???? ????????????? ???? ???? ???????????? ?????????? ?? ?????????????????" ????? ??????????? ????.????? ????-?????? ???? ???????? ????????? ?????? ??????????? ?????????. ????? ??????????????? ????? ????????? ??????????.??????? ??????? ?????????, ?????????? ??? ????? ????????? ??????????????????, ?????????? "??????? ??????" ???? ???????? ????????? ????????. ^[11] ?????????????? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ????????? ?????? ???????? ????????????????.??????? ??????? ???? ??????????? ????? "??????? ??????" ???? ???????? ????????? ????????.????????? ??? ??????? ????????? ??????, ????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ?????????????????. ^[12] ??.?? 600 ??, ??????? ????????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ???????, ???? ???? 559 ??? ????? ????????.????? ?? ??????, ??????? ????????????? ??? ???? ?????. ????????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ???? ???????? ??????????. ^[13]

??? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ????????????????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ??????????? ??? ????? ??????? "??????? ??????" ??????? ????????????????. ???????? ????? ????????? ??? ?????????? ??? ?????? ????? "???? ??????? ??????????? ????, ???????? ??????, ????????? ??????" ????? ????? ??????????????????.

?????????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ?????????????? ????????????? ??????????? ?????????????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ????????????? ??????????????? ????? ??? ????? ???????????? ?????? ????? ?????????.

????? ???????? [ ???? ]

??.??. 600-599 ?????????????? ????????? ??????? ?????????? I ??????? ???????? (?????? ???????? ??????? ????????????? ????) ??????????? ???? ????? ????? ?????????. ????? ????? ???????????, ??????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????????- ????? ???? ???????? ??????? ?????????? , ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ??????????????????. ^[14]>?????, ???????????? ????????. ?????????? ??? ???????? ??????? ???????????? ????.

?????? [ ???? ]

????? ????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ?????????????. ????????????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ????????? ??? ????? ????????? ??????????, ????? ????? ???? ????????? ?????????????? ???????? ?????? ???????????.???????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????????????? ????????????????????????? ?????????????????. ??????????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ????????????? ???? ????????? ?????????? ???????????? (steppe regions).??????????????????? ??????? ????????? ?????????????? ????????? ?????????. ???????? ????????????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ??? ?????????? ??????????? ??????????????. ^[15] ???????? ????????????? ????????? ???????????, ????? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???????????????, ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????????????. ??????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ??????????? ?????????? (ca. 529), ???????? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ??????, ???????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ???? ????? ????????? ????? ?????????.

?????? ???????????? ?????????????? ??? ???????????? ??????????? ???? ????????, ???? ?????? ?????????????? ???? ?????? ????? ???????????, ??????? ??? ????????? ????????????? ????????? ????????????? ???? ???????? ???????? ???? ?????????? ??????? ??????????.???? ???? ???????? ????? ???????????????, ????? ??????? ????????????? ??? ??????? ???? ????????????????? ????? ?????????????????? ????? ???????? ????????. ???? ??????????, ???????????? ???????? ??????? ??????????????? ???????????? ????????????, ??????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ????????????, ??????? ????? ??????????? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ????????????.

????????????????????(???? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????) ???? ???? ?????????? ????????, ????? ???????? ????????????? ??????????, ????, ??? ??????????? ?????????????? ????????? ?????????????,?????? ?????????? ??????????.?????? ??????? ???????????? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ???????????????????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????????? ????????? ???????????? ??? ????? ?????. ???????????????? (Spargapises) ??????? ????? ???????????? ??????????? ???????????? ????????? ???. ???? ??????? ??????????????, ???? ?????????????, ???????????????? ??????? ??????????????. ???? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ???????, ??????? ????????????????? ?????????, ??????????????? ???????? ????????.???????????? ???????? ?????????? ???????????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????????????????????.??? ????? ????? ????????? ??????????????, ??????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????????.??????????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ????????????????. ??????? ????? ?????????? ????? ???? ??????????? ??????????? ??? ????????????? ?????? ????? ????????????????, ??????? ??????? ????????????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ????????. ^[16] ???????????, ??? ????????? ???? ????? ??????????????????????????, ????????? ??????????? ??????? ????????? ?? ???????????? ????????? ????? ??????????, ???????? ??? ???????????????? ???? ??????????????? ????? ?????? ???????????.

??????????? ?????????? [ ???? ]

??????????? [ ???? ]

↑ Curzon, George Nathaniel (2018). Persia and the Persian Question (in ????????). Cambridge University Press. p. 75. ??????????? ?????????? ??? 978-1-108-08085-9 . Archived from the original on 6 June 2020 . ????????????? ???? 16 March 2019 .
↑ Ilya Gershevitch, ed. (1985). The Cambridge History of Iran: The Median and Achaemenian periods . Vol. 2. Cambridge University Press. p. 404. ??????????? ?????????? ??? 978-0-521-20091-2 . Archived from the original on 11 October 2021 . ????????????? ???? 10 November 2020 .
↑ Dandamayev 1993 , ?. 516-521.
↑ Dandamayev 1993 , ?. 516?521.
↑ Ghias Abadi, R. M. (2004). Achaemenid Inscriptions lrm; (in Persian) (2nd edition ed.). Tehran: Shiraz Navid Publications. p. 19. ??????????? ?????????? ??? 964-358-015-6 . {{ cite book }}: |edition= has extra text ( help ) CS1 maint: unrecognized language ( link )
↑ Kent, Ronald Grubb (1384 AP ). Old Persian: Grammar, Text, Glossary (in Persian). translated into Persian by S. Oryan. p. 393. ??????????? ?????????? ??? 964-421-045-X . {{ cite book }}: Check date values in: |year= ( help ) CS1 maint: unrecognized language ( link )
↑ ( Dandamaev 1989 , p. 71)
↑ Jona Lendering. "livius.org" . livius.org. Archived from the original on 2014-10-07 . ????????????? ???? 2009-07-19 .
↑ http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/cyrus-i-name
↑ Plutarch, Artaxerxes 1. 3 classics.mit.edu; Photius, Epitome of Ctesias' Persica 52 livius.org
↑ (Schmitt 1985b) under i. The clan and dynasty.
↑ Schmitt Achaemenid dynasty (i. The clan and dynasty)
↑ Schmitt, R. "Iranian Personal Names i.-Pre-Islamic Names". Encyclopaedia Iranica. Vol. 4. Naming the grandson after the grandfather was a common practice among Iranians.
↑ Amelie Kuhrt, The Ancient Near East: c.3000?330 BC, Routledge Publishers, 1995, p.661, ??????????? ?????????? ??? 0-415-16762-0
↑ http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/tomyris.html
↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyrus_the_Great#Death

[1] Curzon, George Nathaniel (2018). Persia and the Persian Question (in ????????). Cambridge University Press. p. 75. ??????????? ?????????? ??? 978-1-108-08085-9 . Archived from the original on 6 June 2020 . ????????????? ???? 16 March 2019 .

[2] Ilya Gershevitch, ed. (1985). The Cambridge History of Iran: The Median and Achaemenian periods . Vol. 2. Cambridge University Press. p. 404. ??????????? ?????????? ??? 978-0-521-20091-2 . Archived from the original on 11 October 2021 . ????????????? ???? 10 November 2020 .

[FOOTNOTEDandamayev1993516-521-3] Dandamayev 1993 , ?. 516-521.

[FOOTNOTEDandamayev1993516–521-4] Dandamayev 1993 , ?. 516?521.

[5] Ghias Abadi, R. M. (2004). Achaemenid Inscriptions lrm; (in Persian) (2nd edition ed.). Tehran: Shiraz Navid Publications. p. 19. ??????????? ?????????? ??? 964-358-015-6 . {{ cite book }}: |edition= has extra text ( help ) CS1 maint: unrecognized language ( link )

[6] Kent, Ronald Grubb (1384 AP ). Old Persian: Grammar, Text, Glossary (in Persian). translated into Persian by S. Oryan. p. 393. ??????????? ?????????? ??? 964-421-045-X . {{ cite book }}: Check date values in: |year= ( help ) CS1 maint: unrecognized language ( link )

[7] ( Dandamaev 1989 , p. 71)

[8] Jona Lendering. "livius.org" . livius.org. Archived from the original on 2014-10-07 . ????????????? ???? 2009-07-19 .

[9] ttp://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/cyrus-i-name

[10] Plutarch, Artaxerxes 1. 3 classics.mit.edu; Photius, Epitome of Ctesias' Persica 52 livius.org

[11] (Schmitt 1985b) under i. The clan and dynasty.

[12] Schmitt Achaemenid dynasty (i. The clan and dynasty)

[13] Schmitt, R. "Iranian Personal Names i.-Pre-Islamic Names". Encyclopaedia Iranica. Vol. 4. Naming the grandson after the grandfather was a common practice among Iranians.

[14] Amelie Kuhrt, The Ancient Near East: c.3000?330 BC, Routledge Publishers, 1995, p.661, ??????????? ?????????? ??? 0-415-16762-0

[15] ttp://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/tomyris.html

[16] ttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyrus_the_Great#Death

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