????????????

????????? ???????? ???????????? ?????????? ????????????
?????????	?????? ??????????
???? ?????	?????????
????? ????	????????
???? ???????	????????? ???????? ???????????? ??????
?????????	???? ???????????? ???, ??????? ?????? ??????????, ?????? ????, ????????? ???????????????? ?????????? ????????, ????? ????????? ???????????, ???????? A&M ?????????????, ??? ????????? ?????????????, ?????? ?????????? ??????
?????????	http://www.iucnredlist.org

???????????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ( Red list ) ?????? ??? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???????????????? ???????????????? ????????????? ?????? ????????? ??? ????????????. ????????? ???????? ???????????? ?????? ( International Union for Conservation of Nature ) ???? ??????? ?????????? ???? ????????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????????????????. ???????? ?????????? ????? ?????????: ^[1]^[2]^[3]

??????? ??????????????? ?????????? ???? (EX)
??????????? ?????????? ???? (EW)
??? ?????? ???? (CR)
?????? ???? (EN)
??????????? ???? (VU)
??????? ?????? ???????? ???? (NT)
?????????? ???? ??????? ???? (LC)
??????? ?????? (DD)
????????? ??????????? ???? (NE)

???????????? [ ???? ]

?????????	??????	?????????
EX	Extinct	??????? ?????, ?????????? ????
EW	Extinct in the Wild	??????????? ??????? ?????, ??????????? ?????????? ????
CR	Critically endangered	???????????????? ???????? ?????? ??????????????, ??? ?????? ????
EN	Endangered	???????????, ?????? ????
VU	Vulnerable	??????????????. ?????????????? ???????????, ??????????? ????
NT	Near Threatened	??????? ????????? ??????, ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????, ??????? ?????? ???????? ????
LC	Least Concern	??????? ?????? ???? ????????????????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ????
DD	Data Deficient	???????? ??????? ????????????????? ???????, ??????? ?????? .
NE	Not evaluated	????????? ??????????? ????

?????????? [ ???? ]

1991??? ????????????? ?? ?????????? ??????????????????: ^[4]^[5]

??????? 1.0 (1991)
??????? 2.0 (1992)
??????? 2.1 (1993)
??????? 2.2 (1994)
??????? 2.3 (1994)
??????? 3.0 (1999)
??????? 3.1 (2001)

2001 ????? ??????? ????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? 3.1??? ?????????????????.

?????????? ??????? [ ???? ]

IUCN ??? ?????????????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ??? ???????????????????? ??????? ?????? ???????? .

??????????? [ ???? ]

↑ [1]
↑ "???????????????????? ????" . Archived from the original on 2010-07-24 . ????????????? ???? 2011-03-29 . {{ cite web }}: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( link )
↑ IUCN
↑ "2001 Categories & Criteria (version 3.1)" . IUCN. Archived from the original on 27 June 2014 . ????????????? ???? 27 January 2013 . {{ cite web }}: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( link )
↑ "Historical IUCN Red Data Books and Red Lists" . Archived from the original on 27 June 2014 . ????????????? ???? 9 June 2016 . {{ cite web }}: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( link )

[1] [1]

[2] "???????????????????? ????" . Archived from the original on 2010-07-24 . ????????????? ???? 2011-03-29 . {{ cite web }}: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( link )

[3] IUCN

[4] "2001 Categories & Criteria (version 3.1)" . IUCN. Archived from the original on 27 June 2014 . ????????????? ???? 27 January 2013 . {{ cite web }}: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( link )

[5] "Historical IUCN Red Data Books and Red Lists" . Archived from the original on 27 June 2014 . ????????????? ???? 9 June 2016 . {{ cite web }}: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( link )

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]