??????

???????????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???????????.

? ???????????

????????????? ?????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????????? ????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????????? ??????????? ???????? ????? ??????. ???????????? ????????? ?????????, ???????? ????????????????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????????????? ??????????????. ????????????? ???????? ??? ???????? ?????? ???????????? ????? ??????? ??????????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ???????????? ?????? ???? ?????????????????. ??????????????, ?????????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ??????????? ???????????????; ????????? ???????????.

(computer mouse) ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????????????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????????. ??? ??? ???????? ???????? ???? ??????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ???????????????? ???? ?????????? ???????? ???????????. ??? ??????? ????? ?????????? ????????? ??????????????? ?????????. ????? ????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ????? ??????????????? ????????????? 1968 ??? ????????????????. ??????? ??? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ???????????????????. ?????, ??????? ????????? ??????????????????. ?????, ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????????. ??????? ????????? ?????? ??????????? ???????????, ??? ???????? ???????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????????. ?????, ????? ??????, ??????? ???????? ????? ??????, ???????? ??????? ??? ?????????????. ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????????, ?????? ???? ??? ???????????? ????????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????. ?????? ???????????? ???????????? ?????????? ???? ????????????? ??????????????? ????????? ????????????. ?????? ??????????? ???? ??????????????? ???????????? ????????? ?????? ??????????????? ????? ??? ??????? ????????????? ???????? ????????? ????????????.

??????? [ ???? ]

?????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ???????? 1965 ???? ??? "Computer-Aided Display Control" ????? ???????????? ????????. ^[1]^[2]^[3]

?????? (mouse) ??????? ????? ?????? ????????? (mice) ?????. ???????, ???????????? ????????? ????????? mouses, mice ???? ???????? ???????? ??????????? mice ?????? ??????????? ????????. ^[4] ????????? ?????? mice ????? ????? ??????? ??????????? ???????????? ?????? ????????? 1984 ??? ????????. ?????? ?????? ????????? ??, ??. ???. ???????????? "The Computer as a Communication Device" ????? ???????????? 1968 ????? ??????????. ^[5] ??? ????????? mouses ????? ???????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????. ????????? mice, mouses ???????? ???????????? ???????????????? ?????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????????????.

?????? [ ???? ]

??????? ???????? ???? ?????????? 1946 ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ???????????????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????????????? ??????? ????? ????????? ???????????????. ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????????. ???????, ???? ??????????? ???? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????????????. ????? ??????? ?????? ???????????? ???????? ???????????? ?? ???????????????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ???????????????. ?????? ?? ?????????? ???? ?????????? ????? ????????? ???????????. ??????? ?????????? 9???? ??????????? ???????) ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????????. ???? ???? ???? ????????????????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ????????????????. ^[6]^[7]

????????????? ?????????? 1947 ??? ???????????. ^[7] ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????????. ??? ????????????? ????????? ?????????????????. ^[6] ???? ???????????????? ?????? ?????????????????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????????? ???????????????? ???????? ??????? ?????????????. ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? ??????????? ?????????. ??????? ???? 1952 ??? ????? ???? ???????? (???????????) ???????? ?????????? ????????? ??????????? ???????????????? DATAR (Digital Automated Tracking and Resolving) ??????????? ?????????????. ^[8]

DATAR ?????????? ????????? ?????????????? ????????????????? ??????. ???? ?????????? ??????????? ????????????, X ????????? ???????? Y ????????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ??????????????. ??????????? ???????????? ?? ???????? ??????????. ????? ?????????????????, ??????????????? ???????? ?????????????? ???????? ??? ?????????? ??????????. ?????????????? ?????????? ????? ??? ??????????? ?????????????. ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????????????? (????????????) ???? ???????? ?????? ??????????????. ??????? ????????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ??????????? ???????????????. ??? ?????????? ????? ???? ?????????? ?? ?????????? ????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???????? ???????????? ????????????? ????????? . ???? ?????????? ?????????? ???????? ????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????????. ??? ??????????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ????????????, ???????? ?????????? ????? ?????????????. ^[9]^[10]

?????? ??? ???????? ?????????????. ?????? ??????? ?????: ???????????????? ????? ????? ??????????, ??????? 1970, ???????? ????? ????? ???, ?????????? 1974, ????????????????? ??????? ?????? ??????????, ???????? 1976

?????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? (?????? SRI International) ??????? ????????? ??????????????, ^[11] ????? ?????????? ^[12] ??????? ?????????????, ^[13] ?????? ?????? ^[14]^[15]^[16] ??????? ?????? ???????????????????? ????????????????. ?????????????? 2013 ??? ????????? ????????? ??? ???????????????? ?????????? ?????????????????? ???????????????????. ^[17]^[18]^[19]^[20]

??????????? [ ???? ]

↑ Oxford English Dictionary, "mouse", sense 13
↑ Bardini, Thierry (2000). Bootstrapping: Douglas Engelbart, Coevolution, and the Origins of Personal Computing . Stanford: Stanford University Press . p. 98. ??????????? ?????????? ??? 978-0-80473871-2 .
↑ English, William K.; Engelbart, Douglas C.; Huddart, Bonnie (July 1965). Computer-Aided Display Control (Final Report) . Menlo Park: Stanford Research Institute . p. 6 . ????????????? ???? 2017-01-03 .
↑ "Definition for Mouse" . 2011. Archived from the original on 2012-06-07 . ????????????? ???? 2011-07-06 .
↑ Licklider, J. C. R. (April 1968). "The Computer as a Communication Device" (PDF) . Science and Technology .
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 Copping, Jasper (2013-07-11). "Briton: 'I invented the computer mouse 20 years before the Americans' " . The Telegraph . ????????????? ???? 2013-07-18 .
↑ ^7.0 ^7.1 Hill, Peter C. J., ed. (2005-09-16). "RALPH BENJAMIN: An Interview Conducted by Peter C. J. Hill" (Interview). Interview #465. IEEE History Center, The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc . ????????????? ???? 2013-07-18 .
↑ "From DATAR to the FP-6000: Technological change in a Canadian industrial context" . IEEE Annals of the History of Computing 16 (2): 20?30. 1994. doi : 10.1109/85.279228 . http://ewh.ieee.org/reg/7/millennium/fp6000/fp6000_datar.html .
↑ Ball, Norman R.; Vardalas, John N. (1993), Ferranti-Packard: Pioneers in Canadian Electrical Manufacturing , McGill-Queen's Press
↑ "FP-6000 -- From DATAR To The FP-6000" . ieee.ca . Archived from the original on 2006-01-16 . ????????????? ???? 2018-04-10 .
↑ Bardini, Thierry (2000). Bootstrapping: Douglas Engelbart, Coevolution, and the Origins of Personal Computing . Stanford: Stanford University Press . p. 95. ??????????? ?????????? ??? 978-0-80473871-2 .
↑ Ceruzzi, Paul E. (2012). Computing: A Concise History . Cambridge, MA: MIT Press . p. 121. ??????????? ?????????? ??? 978-0-26231039-0 .
↑ Rheingold, Howard (2000). The Virtual Community: Homesteading on the Electronic Frontier . Cambridge, MA: MIT Press . p. 64. ??????????? ?????????? ??? 978-0-26226110-4 .
↑ Lyon, Matthew; Hafner, Katie (1998). Where Wizards Stay Up Late: The Origins Of The Internet . New York: Simon & Schuster. p. 78. ??????????? ?????????? ??? 978-0-68487216-2 .
↑ Hey, Tony; Papay, Gyuri (2015). The Computing Universe: A Journey through a Revolution . New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 162. ??????????? ?????????? ??? 978-1-31612322-5 .
↑ Atkinson, Paul (2010). Computer . London: Reaktion Books. p. 63. ??????????? ?????????? ??? 978-1-86189737-4 .
↑ "Douglas Engelbart, computer visionary and inventor of the mouse, dies at 88" . Washington Post (WP Company). 2013-07-03 . https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/douglas-engelbart-computer-visionary-and-inventor-of-the-mouse-dies-at-88/2013/07/03/1439b508-0264-11e2-9b24-ff730c7f6312_story.html .
↑ "Computer Visionary Who Invented the Mouse" . The New York Times (New York: The New York Times Company). 2013-07-03 . https://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/04/technology/douglas-c-engelbart-inventor-of-the-computer-mouse-dies-at-88.html .
↑ "Douglas Engelbart, Computer Mouse Creator, Visionary, Dies at 88" . Bloomberg (Bloomberg L.P.). 2013-07-03 . https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2013-07-03/douglas-engelbart-computer-mouse-creator-visionary-dies-at-88 .
↑ "Inventor Of Computer Mouse Dies; Doug Engelbart Was 88" . The Two Way: Breaking News from NPR (Washington, D.C.: NPR) . http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2013/07/03/198448726/inventor-of-computer-mouse-dies-doug-engelbart-was-88 .

?????? ?????? [ ???? ]

Pang, Alex Soojung-Kim, "Mighty Mouse: In 1980, Apple Computer asked a group of guys fresh from Stanford's product design program to take a $400 device and make it mass-producible, reliable and cheap. Their work transformed personal computing" , Stanford University Alumni Magazine, March/April 2002.
Stanford University MouseSite with stories and annotated archives from Doug Engelbart's work
Doug Engelbart Institute mouse resources page includes stories and links
Fire-Control and Human-Computer Interaction: Towards a History of the Computer Mouse (1940?1965) ????????????? 2019-06-21 at the ??????? ????????? , by Axel Roch
50 Jahre Computer mit der Maus - Offentliche Veranstaltung am 5. Dezember auf dem Campus Vaihingen (Invitation to a plenum discussion) (in German), Informatik-Forum Stuttgart (infos e.V.), GI- / ACM-Regionalgruppe Stuttgart / Boblingen, Institut fur Visualisierung und Interaktive Systeme der Universitat Stuttgart and SFB-TRR 161, 2016-11-28, archived from the original on 2017-11-15 , ????????????? ???? 2017-11-15 {{ citation }}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language ( link )
Borchers, Detlef (2016-12-10), 50 Jahre Mensch-Maschine-Interaktion: Finger oder Kugel? (in German), Heise Online , archived from the original on 2017-11-15 , ????????????? ???? 2017-11-15 {{ citation }}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language ( link )
Yacoub, Mousa; Turfa, Majd; Maurer, Fabian (2016-08-19). Reverse Engineering of the Computer Mouse RKS 100 (PDF) . Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-11-15 . ????????????? ???? 2017-11-15 . (NB. Contains some historical photos.)

???? ?????????? [ ???? ]

??????????:Commonscategory

The video segment of The Mother of All Demos with Doug Engelbart showing the device from 1968

[OED-1] Oxford English Dictionary, "mouse", sense 13

[Bardini1-2] Bardini, Thierry (2000). Bootstrapping: Douglas Engelbart, Coevolution, and the Origins of Personal Computing . Stanford: Stanford University Press . p. 98. ??????????? ?????????? ??? 978-0-80473871-2 .

[BillEnglish-3] English, William K.; Engelbart, Douglas C.; Huddart, Bonnie (July 1965). Computer-Aided Display Control (Final Report) . Menlo Park: Stanford Research Institute . p. 6 . ????????????? ???? 2017-01-03 .

[oxdic-4] "Definition for Mouse" . 2011. Archived from the original on 2012-06-07 . ????????????? ???? 2011-07-06 .

[5] Licklider, J. C. R. (April 1968). "The Computer as a Communication Device" (PDF) . Science and Technology .

[Copping_2013_Benjamin-6] 6.0 ^6.1 Copping, Jasper (2013-07-11). "Briton: 'I invented the computer mouse 20 years before the Americans' " . The Telegraph . ????????????? ???? 2013-07-18 .

[Hill_2005_Benjamin-7] 7.0 ^7.1 Hill, Peter C. J., ed. (2005-09-16). "RALPH BENJAMIN: An Interview Conducted by Peter C. J. Hill" (Interview). Interview #465. IEEE History Center, The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc . ????????????? ???? 2013-07-18 .

[Vardalas_1994_DATAR-8] "From DATAR to the FP-6000: Technological change in a Canadian industrial context" . IEEE Annals of the History of Computing 16 (2): 20?30. 1994. doi : 10.1109/85.279228 . http://ewh.ieee.org/reg/7/millennium/fp6000/fp6000_datar.html .

[9] Ball, Norman R.; Vardalas, John N. (1993), Ferranti-Packard: Pioneers in Canadian Electrical Manufacturing , McGill-Queen's Press

[10] "FP-6000 -- From DATAR To The FP-6000" . ieee.ca . Archived from the original on 2006-01-16 . ????????????? ???? 2018-04-10 .

[Bardini2-11] Bardini, Thierry (2000). Bootstrapping: Douglas Engelbart, Coevolution, and the Origins of Personal Computing . Stanford: Stanford University Press . p. 95. ??????????? ?????????? ??? 978-0-80473871-2 .

[Ceruzzi-12] Ceruzzi, Paul E. (2012). Computing: A Concise History . Cambridge, MA: MIT Press . p. 121. ??????????? ?????????? ??? 978-0-26231039-0 .

[Rheingold-13] Rheingold, Howard (2000). The Virtual Community: Homesteading on the Electronic Frontier . Cambridge, MA: MIT Press . p. 64. ??????????? ?????????? ??? 978-0-26226110-4 .

[Lyon-14] Lyon, Matthew; Hafner, Katie (1998). Where Wizards Stay Up Late: The Origins Of The Internet . New York: Simon & Schuster. p. 78. ??????????? ?????????? ??? 978-0-68487216-2 .

[Hey-15] Hey, Tony; Papay, Gyuri (2015). The Computing Universe: A Journey through a Revolution . New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 162. ??????????? ?????????? ??? 978-1-31612322-5 .

[Atkinson-16] Atkinson, Paul (2010). Computer . London: Reaktion Books. p. 63. ??????????? ?????????? ??? 978-1-86189737-4 .

[Khazan-17] "Douglas Engelbart, computer visionary and inventor of the mouse, dies at 88" . Washington Post (WP Company). 2013-07-03 . https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/douglas-engelbart-computer-visionary-and-inventor-of-the-mouse-dies-at-88/2013/07/03/1439b508-0264-11e2-9b24-ff730c7f6312_story.html .

[Markoff-18] "Computer Visionary Who Invented the Mouse" . The New York Times (New York: The New York Times Company). 2013-07-03 . https://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/04/technology/douglas-c-engelbart-inventor-of-the-computer-mouse-dies-at-88.html .

[Arnold-19] "Douglas Engelbart, Computer Mouse Creator, Visionary, Dies at 88" . Bloomberg (Bloomberg L.P.). 2013-07-03 . https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2013-07-03/douglas-engelbart-computer-mouse-creator-visionary-dies-at-88 .

[Chappell-20] "Inventor Of Computer Mouse Dies; Doug Engelbart Was 88" . The Two Way: Breaking News from NPR (Washington, D.C.: NPR) . http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2013/07/03/198448726/inventor-of-computer-mouse-dies-doug-engelbart-was-88 .

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?? ? ?? ????????? ??????????????????
??????????? ????????	?????????? ???? ????? ????????? Pointing device Graphics tablet ?????????? ??? ????????? ?????? Optical Pointing stick Touchpad ???????? Trackball ?????? ????????? Softcam Refreshable braille display
?????????? ??????	???? Refreshable braille display ??????????? ????????? ?????
????????????? ??????? ??????????	??? ????? ?????? ????-??? ??????+??? Disk pack ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????
????? ????	????? ?????????? (CPU) ???????? ???? ???????? / SSD / SSHD ?????????? ????? ?????? ??????????????? ???????? ?????? (?????) ????? ?????? ???????? (RAM) ??? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????
??????? ???????	???????? ???? 1394 ????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????????