???? ????????

???? ????????
???? ????????
	???? ???????????? 19??? ???????????? ??????????
????????? ?????????
???????	10 ??????? 1812 ; ?????????? ???????, ??????? ?????, ?????? ??????? , ???? ???????
??????	5 ?????????? 1885 (???? 72) ; ?????? ?????, ???????? ??????? , ???? ???????
??????????????	?????????? ??????
???????	???? ?????? (???????) ; ???? ?????? (???????)
????????	???? ????????? ; ????? ??
????	???????? ??????, ???????????

???? ???????? ( Zuo Zongtang) (10 ??????? 1812 – 5 ?????????? 1885) ??? ?????????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??????, ???????????????? ????, ??? ??? ???????????????, ??????? ???? ?????????? ???????? ????????????. ^[1]

????? ???????? [ ???? ]

?????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????????. ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? . ??????? ???? ????????, ?????????, ?????? ????????? ??????????? ???????????? ???? ??????? ???????????. 1851 ??? ???????, ???????? ????????????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ????? ???? ???????????? ???? ???????????? ???????????. 1862 ??? ???????, ???????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ???????????????. ???? ?????? ?????????, ????????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??????????????????? ????? ???? ?????? ???????????????. ???? ???????????, ???? ????-?? ???? ????????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????????. 1864 ??? ??????? ???????? ?????????????????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????, ???? ????? ??????? ???????????? ?????????????????. 1866 ??? ???????, ???? ????????????? ??? ????? ??????????? ??? ????????, ????,??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????????????????. ??? ?????, ????-?????? ??????? ???? ???????? ?????????????????. ????? ???? ?????? ??????????? ??????????????? ??????????????????. 1867 ??? ???????, ?????????? ?????? ????????????????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ?????????????????.

????????? [ ???? ]

?????????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ?????????, ???? ?????? ??????????? ??????????? ???????????. 1875 ??? ???????, ??????? ????????????? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ????????????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ?????????????????. 1870 ????? ?????????????, ???? ?????? ??????????? ???????, ?????????? ????????? ??????????? ?????????????? ????????????? . 1875 ??? ???????, ???????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ????????? - ??????????? ???????? ???? ??? ????????? ?????????? ????????? - ???? ???????? ?????????? ???????????. 1878 ??? ???????, ????? ???????? ?????????????? ??????, ???? ????? ??????? ??????????????????? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ????????????????. 1881 ??? ??????? ????????????????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???????? ?????????????????. ??????, ??????? ??????????? ????????????? ???????? ??? ???????? ??????? ??????????????????? ?????? 1884 ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????????????????. ???? 1885 ??? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ?????? ???? ???????? ????????.???????? ????????????? ????? ???????????? ?????????? ???? ????? ?????????????.

??? ?????? [ ???? ]

????, ???? ?????? ??????????????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ???????????????, ??? ?????? ?????????? , ??????????? ???? ????????????? ??????????. ?????????, ?????????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ????????? ?????????????. ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ???????????? ??????????. ???????? ??????????? ?????????, ?????? ?????????? ????? ?????????????? ???????????.

??????????? [ ???? ]

↑ "Entry for TSO TSUNG-T'ANG by TU LIEN-CHE in Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period" . Archived from the original on 2020-09-28 . ????????????? ???? 2021-11-11 .

????????? [ ???? ]

Hsu, Immanuel C. Y. (1965). The Ili Crisis: A Study of Sino-Russian Diplomacy, 1871-1881 . Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Arthur W. Hummel, Sr. , ed. (1943). Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period (1644?1912) . Washington: United States Government Printing Office.
Chen, Qitian (1938). Tso Tsung T'ang, Pioneer Promoter of the Modern Dockyard and the Woolen Mill in China . Paragon Book Gallery.

???? ?????????? [ ???? ]

???????????????? Zuo Zongtang ?????????? ???????????:

[1] "Entry for TSO TSUNG-T'ANG by TU LIEN-CHE in Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period" . Archived from the original on 2020-09-28 . ????????????? ???? 2021-11-11 .

[1]