???????? ??????

???????? ??????
????????
	???????? ????? ????????? ??????
?????????????
?????? ???	75-13-8 ; 420-05-3 (?????? ??????)
ChEBI	CHEBI:29202
ChemSpider	6107
	InChI InChI=1S/CHNO/c2-1-3/h2H ; Key: OWIKHYCFFJSOEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ; InChI=1/CHNO/c2-1-3/h2H ; Key: OWIKHYCFFJSOEH-UHFFFAOYAE ;
????? -3D ?????????	Image
???????	6347
	SMILES O=C=[N@H] ;
????????
????????? ????????	HNCO
???????????? ???	43.03 ??/????
???????	??????? ?????? ?????? ???? (???? ???? ???????????????? ???????)
????????	1.14 g/cm 3 (20 °C)
?????????	?86 °C (?123 °F; 187 K)
????????	23.5 °C (74.3 °F; 296.6 K)
?????? ????????	???????
????????	???????? , ???????? , ???? ??????????? ???????.
?????????
?????????? ??????????????	???????????? ???????
	???????? ????? ??????????? ??????? ????????????? ??????? ?????? ; ????????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? (25°C, 100kPa) ?????????. \| colspan=2 \| verify ( ??? : / ?) ?????????? ???????????

???????? ?????? ( isocyanic acid ) ?????? HNCO ???? ??????????? ?????????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????????? . ??? 1830 ??????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????? ????????? ???????????????. ^[2] ??????? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ???????????????? ??????? ?????. 23.5 ???? ????????? ????????????? ??? ????????? ?????????. ???????? ??????? ???? ??????????? ??????? , ?????? , ???????? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????????????? ??????????? ??????? ???? ???????????????????? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ?????.

????????? ??????? ??????? [ ???? ]

??????????? ???????? ????? ??????????????? ???????? ????????? ???? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????????????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ????????????. ^[3]

H ⁺ + NCO ^- → HNCO

???? ?????????????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ????????????????? ?????????????? ???????? ?????????? ????????????.

C ₃H ₃N ₃O ₃ → 3 HNCO

???????? ?????? ????????????? ???????? ???????? ??????????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????.

HNCO + H ₂O → CO ₂ + NH ₃

??????? ???????? ????? ???????? ?????? ????????????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???? ???????????????? ????????. ????????????? ???????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???????????? ????????????????????. ???? ??????? ????????????? ??????????? ?????????????? ^[4] ????? ??????????? ??????? ?????????????? ???????????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????????.

??? ????????I??????????? ???????????? ???????????? ????????? ?????????? ????????.

HNCO + RNH ₂ → RNHC(O)NH ₂.

??????? ?????????????? ???? ??????? ?????????????????.

????????????? ??????????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ???????????? ????????? ?????????? ??????????????? ????????.

???????? ?????? ?????????, ??????? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??????????? ???????????????. ???????? ????? ????? ????????? ^[5] ??? ????????????????????. ?????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??????????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ????????????.

??????????: ?????? ???????? ????????? ???????? [ ???? ]

???????? ?????? ????????? ???????????????? ????????????? ??????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ???????????. ??? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????????????. ^[6] ????????? ?????? ?????????? ????????????? ??????? ?????????? ???????????? ???????? ?????? ???????????? ???????????? ????????????. ^[4] ?????????????????? ????????? ???????????????? ????????????????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ???????????????? ??????? ??????.

?????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??????????????????? ???????? ????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????? ^[7].

??????????? [ ???? ]

↑ Pradyot Patnaik. Handbook of Inorganic Chemicals . McGraw-Hill, 2002, ISBN 0-07-049439-8
↑ Liebig, J.; Wohler, F. (1830). "Untersuchungen uber die Cyansauren" . Ann. Phys. 20 (11): 394. doi : 10.1002/andp.18300961102 . Bibcode: 1830AnP....96..369L . http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k15105c/f377.table .
↑ Fischer, G.; Geith, J.; Klapotke, T. M.; Krumm B. (2002). "Synthesis, Properties and Dimerization Study of Isocyanic Acid" . Z. Naturforschung 57b (1): 19?25 . http://www.znaturforsch.com/ab/v57b/s57b0019.pdf .
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 A. S. Narula, K. Ramachandran “Isocyanic Acid” in Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis, 2001, John Wiley & Sons, New York. ???? : 10.1002/047084289X.ri072m Article Online Posting Date: April 15, 2001.
↑ Preidt, Robert. "Chemical in Smoke May Pose Health Risk" . MyOptumHealth . AccuWeather . ????????????? ???? 14 September 2011 .
↑ Jacox, M.E.; Milligan, D.E. (1964). "Low-Temperature Infrared Study of Intermediates in the Photolysis of HNCO and DNCO". Journal of Chemical Physics 40 (9): 2457?2460. doi : 10.1063/1.1725546 . Bibcode: 1964JChPh..40.2457J .
↑ Kurzer, Frederick (2000). "Fulminic Acid in the History of Organic Chemistry" . Journal of Chemical Education 77 (7): 851?857. doi : 10.1021/ed077p851 . Bibcode: 2000JChEd..77..851K . https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-chemical-education_2000-07_77_7/page/851 .

?????????? ????? [ ???? ]

????????? [ ???? ]

Handbook of Chemistry and Physics , 65th. Edition, CRC Press (1984)

???? ?????????? [ ???? ]

Walter, Wolfgang (1997). Organic Chemistry: A Comprehensive Degree Text and Source Book . Chichester: Albion Publishing. p. 364. ??????????? ?????????? ??? 978-1-898563-37-2 . ????????????? ???? 2008-06-21 .
Cyanic acid from NIST Chemistry WebBook (accessed 2006-09-09)

[1] Pradyot Patnaik. Handbook of Inorganic Chemicals . McGraw-Hill, 2002, ISBN 0-07-049439-8

[2] Liebig, J.; Wohler, F. (1830). "Untersuchungen uber die Cyansauren" . Ann. Phys. 20 (11): 394. doi : 10.1002/andp.18300961102 . Bibcode: 1830AnP....96..369L . http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k15105c/f377.table .

[3] Fischer, G.; Geith, J.; Klapotke, T. M.; Krumm B. (2002). "Synthesis, Properties and Dimerization Study of Isocyanic Acid" . Z. Naturforschung 57b (1): 19?25 . http://www.znaturforsch.com/ab/v57b/s57b0019.pdf .

[eEROS-4] 4.0 ^4.1 A. S. Narula, K. Ramachandran “Isocyanic Acid” in Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis, 2001, John Wiley & Sons, New York. ???? : 10.1002/047084289X.ri072m Article Online Posting Date: April 15, 2001.

[5] Preidt, Robert. "Chemical in Smoke May Pose Health Risk" . MyOptumHealth . AccuWeather . ????????????? ???? 14 September 2011 .

[6] Jacox, M.E.; Milligan, D.E. (1964). "Low-Temperature Infrared Study of Intermediates in the Photolysis of HNCO and DNCO". Journal of Chemical Physics 40 (9): 2457?2460. doi : 10.1063/1.1725546 . Bibcode: 1964JChPh..40.2457J .

[7] Kurzer, Frederick (2000). "Fulminic Acid in the History of Organic Chemistry" . Journal of Chemical Education 77 (7): 851?857. doi : 10.1021/ed077p851 . Bibcode: 2000JChEd..77..851K . https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-chemical-education_2000-07_77_7/page/851 .

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

?? ? ?? ???? ?????? ??????????, ???????
??????????	CBr ₄ CCl ₄ CF CF ₄ CI ₄ CO CO ₂ CO ₃ COS CS CS ₂ CSe ₂ C ₃O ₂ C ₃S ₂ CH ₄ C ₂H ₆ C ₃H ₈ C ₄H ₁₀ C ₅H ₁₂ C ₆H ₁₄ C ₇H ₁₆ C ₈H ₁₈ C ₆H ₆ SiC
??????? ???????	??????????? [:C≡C:] ^2–, [::C::] ^4–, [:C=C=C:] ^4– ????????? [:C≡N:] ^– ??????????? [:O-C≡N:] ^– ??????????????? [:S-C≡N:] ^– ?????????????? [:C≡N-O:] ^– ?????????????????? [:C≡N-S:] ^–
??????????	?????????? ???? ????????????? ?????????? ?????? ????????????????? ??????????????
??? ??????????	COF ₂ HNCO