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???????? ( boiler ) ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????????? ????????????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?????. ???????????????? ?????? ?????????????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ????????????????, ??? ??????????????? ???????????? ????????????? ???????????? ?????????.

???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????????? ??? ??????????? ????? ?????????. ^[1]^[2]^[3]

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?????????? ???????? ????????: ???????? ????????????? ???????????? ??????? ???????????? ???????????? ?????. ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????????, ??????? ??????????? ??????????? (???????????) ????? ??????? ?????? ???????????????? ???????? (????) ????????????.
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↑ Steingress, Frederick M. (2001). Low Pressure Boilers (4th ed.). American Technical Publishers. ??????????? ?????????? ??? 0-8269-4417-5 .
↑ Steingress, Frederick M.; Frost, Harold J.; Walker, Darryl R. (2003). High Pressure Boilers (3rd ed.). American Technical Publishers. ??????????? ?????????? ??? 0-8269-4300-4 .
↑ ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section I, PG-5.5 . American Society of Mechanical Engineers . 2010.

[1] Steingress, Frederick M. (2001). Low Pressure Boilers (4th ed.). American Technical Publishers. ??????????? ?????????? ??? 0-8269-4417-5 .

[2] Steingress, Frederick M.; Frost, Harold J.; Walker, Darryl R. (2003). High Pressure Boilers (3rd ed.). American Technical Publishers. ??????????? ?????????? ??? 0-8269-4300-4 .

[3] ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section I, PG-5.5 . American Society of Mechanical Engineers . 2010.

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