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	???? ????? ?????, 2014
	???? Location of Kufa within Iraq
	??????????: 32°02′N 44°24′E / 32.033°N 44.400°E
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???? ( Kufa ) ( ???? ???? : ????????? ‎ al-K?fah ) ????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ??????????? ?????? 170 ???? ??????????, ????? ??????? ??????????? ????? ??????????? ????????? 10 ???? ?????????? ???? ????? ?????. ???? ?????, ??????????? ??????? ??????? ????????????. 2003-??? ???? ????????? ?????????? 1,10,000 ?????. ??????? , ?????? , ??????? ??????? ????? ???????????, ???? ??????? ???? ??????????????? ??????? ?????? ??????.

???????? ?????????? ????? , ???? 639-??? ???? ??????? ??????, ??????? ???? ??????????? ??????????. ^[1] ???? ????? ???????????? ????? ???? , ???? ????????? ????? ??????? ?????????

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↑ Al-Tabari, Muhammad ibn Jarir (2004). Tareekh Tabari (Urdu translation) . Syed Muhammad Ibrahim Nadavi & Habib-ul-Rehman Siddiqui (Devband Scholar). Nafees Academy, Karachi, Pakistan. pp. 52?53 (Vol.III Part-1 Events of 17 AH).

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Crone, Patricia. Roman, Provincial and Islamic Law: The Origins of the Islamic Patronate. Cambridge University Press, paperback ed. 2002
Hallaq, Wael. The Origins and Evolution of Islamic Law. Cambridge University Press, 2005
Hawting, Gerald R. The First Dynasty of Islam. Routledge. 2nd ed, 2000
Hinds, Martin. Studies in Early Islamic History. Darwin Press, 1997
Hoyland, Robert G. Seeing Islam as Others Saw It. Darwin Press, 1997

???? ?????????? [ ???? ]

The City of Kufa: Birth & Early Years

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[1] Al-Tabari, Muhammad ibn Jarir (2004). Tareekh Tabari (Urdu translation) . Syed Muhammad Ibrahim Nadavi & Habib-ul-Rehman Siddiqui (Devband Scholar). Nafees Academy, Karachi, Pakistan. pp. 52?53 (Vol.III Part-1 Events of 17 AH).

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