?????? ???????
?????? ??????? Kurt Godel
???????	( 1906-04-28 ) ?????? 28, 1906 ?????? (Brno), ???????? (Moravia), ?????????-???????
??????	????? 14, 1978 ( 1978-01-14 ) (???? 71) ???????????, ???? ?????? , ?????????
????	?????? , ???? ?????
???????????	Institute for Advanced Study
????? ???? ???????	??????? ?????????????
????? ?????????	?????? ???? (Hans Hahn)
????????????	????????? ?????????????? ??????? (Godel's incompleteness theorems)
?????????	???????? ????????? ?????? (1951)
?????????

?????? ??????? (Kurt Godel) ( ?????? 28 , 1906 - ????? 14 , 1978 ) ????????????? ?????? ???????? ??? , ???? , ????????? ??????. ???????? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ????? (logician) ??????. 20-??? ???????????? ??????? ?????????? ????, ????????????????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? , ??????????? ?????? , ?????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ???????????. ^[1]

1931??? 25 ?????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??? ???????????????? ?????????? ????? ???????. ???????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????????????, ???? ?????? ?????? ??????????? (Peano arithmetic)) ???????????, ???????? ???????????? (self-consistent), ???? ???????? ?? (recursive set), ????????? ????????(axiomatic system), ??? ?????????, ???????? ???????????????? ????????? ??? ?????????????? (axioms) ?????????????? ?????????. ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ???????? ???? ????? ?????????????.

???????????? ???????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????? ?????????, ????????? ???????? ??????????????????? (axiomatic set theory) ?????? ???????????? ???????? (continuous hypothesis) ????? ???????? ????? ??????????????. ??????? ?????, ?????????? ?????, ????????????? ?????(?????? ?????) ????????????? ????? ???? ??????? ????????????? ?????????????? ???????????????? (proof theory) ?????? ???????.

???????? [ ???? ]

?????? ????????? ??????? (Kurt Friedrich Godel) ?????? 28 , 1906 ????? ???????? - ??????????? ??????? (???????? ???? ???????? ), ???????????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????????? (???????) ???????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ????????????? ?????????. ????????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????????. ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? (Handschuh)???? ?????????. ^[2] ????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ??????????? ??????????????? ????????????? ?????????. ^[3] ?????? ????????? ???????????? ?????????? ???????????? ???????????? ????? ????? ???????????. ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????????? ?????????? ??????. ^[4]

??????? ???????? [ ???? ]

????????? ????? [ ???? ]

??????????? ???????? [ ???? ]

?????? [ ???? ]

??????????? ??. ??. 1951??? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ???????????? ????????? ?????????????. ??. ??. 1974??? ?????????? "?????????? ????? ???????" ???? ???????? ?????????????.

???? ??? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ??????????? ?????????????? ???????????. ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?????????????? ??????????? ?????? ????????. ?????? ?????? ????????? ????? ???????? ????????? ???????????. ??. ??. 1977??? ??????? ????? ??? ???????? ??????????????? ?????????? ???????? ???? ???????? ??????? ?????. ?????? ???? ?????????? ???? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ????????. ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????????????? ???????. ??????????? ?????????? ??. ??. 1978??? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????????? ???? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ?? ??????????. ?????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ????? ??. ??. 1981??? ??????? ????????.

?????????? ???????????, ???????? [ ???? ]

???????? ???????? :

• 1931, "Uber formal unentscheidbare Satze der Principia Mathematica und verwandter Systeme," Monatshefte fur Mathematik und Physik 38 : 173-98.
• 1932, "Zum intuitionistischen Aussagenkalkul", Anzeiger Akademie der Wissenschaften Wien 69 : 65?66.

???????????? :

• 1940. The Consistency of the Axiom of Choice and of the Generalized Continuum Hypothesis with the Axioms of Set Theory. Princeton University Press.
• 1947. "What is Cantor's continuum problem?" The American Mathematical Monthly 54 : 515-25. Revised version in Paul Benacerraf and Hilary Putnam , eds., 1984 (1964). Philosophy of Mathematics: Selected Readings . Cambridge Univ. Press: 470-85.

?????? ???????????????:

• Kurt Godel, 1992. On Formally Undecidable Propositions Of Principia Mathematica And Related Systems , tr. B. Meltzer, with a comprehensive introduction by Richard Braithwaite . Dover reprint of the 1962 Basic Books edition.
• Kurt Godel, 2000. http://www.research.ibm.com/people/h/hirzel/papers/canon00-goedel.pdf ????????????? 2004-09-16 at the ??????? ????????? On Formally Undecidable Propositions Of Principia Mathematica And Related Systems , tr. Martin Hirzel
• Jean van Heijenoort , 1967. A Source Book in Mathematical Logic, 1879-1931 . Harvard Univ. Press.
  • 1930. "The completeness of the axioms of the functional calculus of logic," 582-91.
  • 1930. "Some metamathematical results on completeness and consistency," 595-96. Abstract to (1931).
  • 1931. "On formally undecidable propositions of Principia Mathematica and related systems," 596-616.
  • 1931a. "On completeness and consistency," 616-17.
• My philosophical viewpoint ????????????? 2012-09-11 at the ??????? ????????? , c. 1960, unpublished.
• The modern development of the foundations of mathematics in the light of philosophy ????????????? 2011-04-11 at the ??????? ????????? , 1961, unpublished.
• ???????????: Oxford University Press: New York. Editor-in-chief: Solomon Feferman .
  • Volume I: Publications 1929-1936 ??????????? ?????????? ??? 0-19-503964-5 ,
  • Volume II: Publications 1938-1974 ??????????? ?????????? ??? 0-19-503972-6 ,
  • Volume III: Unpublished Essays and Lectures ??????????? ?????????? ??? 0-19-507255-3 ,
  • Volume IV: Correspondence, A-G ??????????? ?????????? ??? 0-19-850073-4 .
  • Volume V: Correspondence, H-Z ??????????? ?????????? ??? 0-19-850075-0

?????????????????? ????????????? [ ???? ]

????????? [ ???? ]

• Dawson, John W., 1997. Logical dilemmas: The life and work of Kurt Godel . Wellesley MA: A K Peters.
• 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Brunn. (2007, September 19). In Wikisource, The Free Library. Retrieved 10PM EST 13 March, 2008, from http://en.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Br%C3%BCnn&oldid=447734

?????? ?????? [ ???? ]

• John L. Casti and Werner DePauli , 2000. Godel: A Life of Logic , Basic Books (Perseus Books Group), Cambridge, MA. ??????????? ?????????? ??? 0-7382-0518-4 .
• Torkel Franzen , 2005. Godel's Theorem: An Incomplete Guide to Its Use and Abuse . Wellesley, MA: A K Peters.
• Rebecca Goldstein , 2005. Incompleteness: The Proof and Paradox of Kurt Godel . W. W. Norton & Company, New York. ??????????? ?????????? ??? 0-393-32760-4 pbk.
• Ivor Grattan-Guinness , 2000. The Search for Mathematical Roots 1870?1940 . Princeton Univ. Press.
• Jaakko Hintikka , 2000. On Godel . Wadsworth.
• Douglas Hofstadter , 1980. Godel, Escher, Bach . Vintage.
• Stephen Kleene , 1967. Mathematical Logic . Dover paperback reprint ca. 2001.
• J.R. Lucas , 1970. The Freedom of the Will . Clarendon Press, Oxford.
• Ernst Nagel and Newman, James R., 1958. Godel's Proof. New York Univ. Press.
• Prochazka, Ji?i, 2006, 2006, 2008. Kurt Godel: 1906?1978: Genealogie . ITEM, Brno. Volume I. Brno 2006, ??????????? ?????????? ??? 80-902297-9-4 . In Ger., Engl. Volume II. Brno 2006, ??????????? ?????????? ??? 80-903476-0-6 . In Germ., Engl. Volume III. Brno 2008, ??????????? ?????????? ??? 80-903476-4-9 . In Germ., Engl.
• Ed Regis , 1987. Who Got Einstein's Office? Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc.
• Raymond Smullyan , 1992. Godel's Incompleteness Theorems . Oxford University Press.
• Hao Wang , 1987. Reflections on Kurt Godel. MIT Press.
• Wang, Hao. 1996. A Logical Journey: From Godel to Philosophy. MIT Press.
• Yourgrau, Palle, 1999. Godel Meets Einstein: Time Travel in the Godel Universe. Chicago: Open Court.
• Yourgrau, Palle, 2004. A World Without Time: The Forgotten Legacy of Godel and Einstein. Basic Books.

???? ?????????? [ ???? ]

External links [ ???? ]

???????????? ???????????? ,
Kurt Godel
???????? ???????? ?????.

• O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "???????" , MacTutor History of Mathematics archive , ????? ????????? ????????????? .
• ???? ??????? ??????????? ???????
• Weisstein, Eric Wolfgang (ed.). "Godel, Kurt (1906-1978)" . ScienceWorld .
• Kennedy, Juliette. "Kurt Godel." In Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
• Time Bandits - an article about the relationship between Godel and Einstein by Jim Holt
• Godels Theorem and Information ????????????? 2008-09-21 at the ??????? ????????? - Authored by Gregory Chaitin
• "Godel and the limits of logic" by John W Dawson Jr. (June 2006)
• Notices of the AMS, April 2006, Volume 53, Number 4 Kurt Godel Centenary Issue
• Paul Davies and Freeman Dyson discuss Kurt Godel
• "Godel and the Nature of Mathematical Truth" Edge: A Talk with Rebecca Goldstein on Kurt Godel.
• Dangerous Knowledge ????????????? 2007-11-08 at the ??????? ????????? Google Video of a BBC documentary featuring Kurt Godel and other revolutionary mathematical thinkers.

????? ??????? [ ???? ]