?????? ???, ???????

	????-?????? ( ???? )
	???????
	River
	????-?????? ???, ???????
???????	?????? ( ???? ), ??????? , ???????
	???????????
- ????	???????? ???, ????????????, ???????????, ??? ???, ??????-?????? ???
- ????	???????? ???
????????	?? ????????, ????????, ????, (???????), ??????, ??????, ????????, ????????????, ????????, ????????????, ????????, ???????, ?????????? , ??????? , ???????? , ?????, ???????
?????????????? ????	?????? ?????? ???????
- ????????	??????? ????????, ???????, ???????
- ??????	6,268 ?? (20,564 ??? )
- ???????	29°17′0″N 85°50′5″E / 29.28333°N 85.83472°E
????????	????? ???
- ????????	???????? , ???????
- elevation	44 ?? (144 ??? )
- ???????	25°39′9″N 85°11′4″E / 25.65250°N 85.18444°E
?????	630 ???? (391 ???? )
????????	46,300 ????² (17,877 ?.???? )
Discharge
- ??????
- ????? ?????
- ????? ???????
	????? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????

???? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ( Kali Gandaki or Gandaki River or Narayani River ), ????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?????????. ??????????? ????????? ????-?????? ^[1] ??????? ??????? ???????, ??????????? ?????? ??????? ????????. ?????? ???, ???? ???? , ??????????? ?????? ??????????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ?????????. ??????????? ?????? ????-?????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????????? ???? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????????.

???? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ???, 8000 ????????????? ???? ????????? ???? ?????????? 1 , ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????????????????? ???????????????. ?????????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????????????? ?????, ????? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ???????????????. ?????????????????? ???? ???????? ????? 46,300 ???? ???? ???????????.

??????? ??????? [ ???? ]

??????? [ ???? ]

??????? ????-????? ????????? ?????? ????-?????? ???

25 ???? ??????? ??????????????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????-?????? ???

?????????? ?????-?????? ??????? ????????? 6268 ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ????????????? ????-?????? ??? ????????????, ^[2]^[3]???? ??????????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????. ???? ????-?????? ??? ??????? ????????, ??????? ????????????? ?????? ???????? ????, ?????? ??????? ???????? ????????????? ?????, ????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ???????????, ????????? ???????? ?????????. ???? ????-?????? ??? ???????? ??????????????, ???????? ????? ???? ??? , ???????? ????????????, ????-?????? ???????? ?????????. ??????? ???????? ?????????? ????????, ???? ?????????? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????????? ???????? ???? ????-?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????????.

??????? [ ???? ]

????-?????? ???, ??????-????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ???????????, ???????? ??????? ??????.

???????????, ?????? [ ???? ]

????-?????? ????? ???????? ????????? ???? ?????????? 1 , ???????? ??????? ?????? ????????????? 1025 ???????????????, 338 ???????? ??????.

??????? ???????? [ ???? ]

????? ???????? ????????? ????-?????? ?????????????? ?? ???????, ????????, ???? ( ???????? ), ????????, ??????, ??????, ????????, ????????, ???????? ???? ??????? ???????? ???? ???????? ???????????. ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????????. ??????????? ????-?????? ??????? ????, ???????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????????, ?????? ????? ???????? ?????????????.

????? ?????????? ?????? ??? [ ???? ]

????????? ????????????? ???????????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????????? ??????.
??????????????, ??????????? ??????????? ???? ???????? ????????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????.
?????? ????????????? ?? ???????? ??????? (The Living Planet) ???? ????????????? ????? ??????? ????-?????? ???????????? ???????????? ??????????????.

???????? ??????? ?????? [ ???? ]

??????????? ?????? ??????????, ????-?????? ??? ????????????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????????????. ????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??????, ???????? ??????? ???????????? . ?????????????? ?????? 150 ???? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???????????? 932 ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ????????? 1973??? ??????? ??????????????. 1984??? ??????? ???????? , ?????? ??????? ????? ????????? ????? ?????????????????. ^[4] ?????????, ?????????? ???????? ????????????, ?????????? ???????????, ???????? ????????, ????????? ????????, ??????????? ???????? ?????????? ???????. ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ???????, ???????? ????? ???????????, ?????????? ???????, ???????????, ?????? ??????, ?????? ???????? ???????, ????????????????, ????? ?????????????? ?????.[4] 2011??? ????? ?????????? ???, ???????????, ???? ??? ????? ??????, ?????????? ???????, ?????????? ???????, ????? ??????? ????????? ?????????, ????? ??????? ???????, ??????? ?????? ???????????????? , ?????? ???????, ????????????????????, ???????????, ?????? ????????? ????? ??????????, ????????? ??????????, ??????? ??????????, ??????? ?????????, ?????? ???????????????, ???????? ????????, ?? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ??????????????. ^[5] ???????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????????????.

??? ?????????????? [ ???? ]

???????? ??????? [ ???? ]

???????? ???????? ???????????? 7 ???? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ????????????. ????????? ???????????? ????? ???????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ???????????? ???????? ??????????? ?????????. ???????????????? ????????? ???? ????????? ???????? ?????????.

?????????? ??????? ???????????? [ ???? ]

??????????? ??????? ???????????? ???? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ????-?????? ??????? ???? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ???????????.

?????????????? ?????? ????????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????-?????? ?????????????? ???????????. ??????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????, ???????, ???, ????? ????? ????????? ??????????????.

??????? ??????? [ ???? ]

????-?????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ?????????, ???? ???????????????? 3400 ??????? ?????????, 12 ????? 14??? ?????????? ????????, ?????? ??????? ?????, ???????? ??????????????????? ??????????????? ??????? ?????????????. ^[6]??? ????????? ????????? ???????? ??????????????? ????????? ????????????????. ?? ????????? ????? ????????, ?????????????, ????, ??????? ??????? ????????? ????? ????????? ?????????????????. ?????????????????? ??????? ??????? ???????????? ???????????? ????????, ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????????????????? ????????????????. ??????? ??????????????? ????????? ?????????? ???????????? ????? ??????????? ??????? ???????????? ??????????? ?????????. ^[7]

????? ??????????? [ ???? ]

????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ???????????, ????-?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????????? ????????????. ???????? ????????????????????? 20,650 ???? ???? ????????? ???????? ???????????????. ^[8] ????-?????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????????????? ????????????.

????-?????? ??????? ??????? [ ???? ]

???????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ??????????????, ???????? ?????? ???? 37,410 ???? ???? ??????? ???????????? ????????? ????, ????? ???? 90% ??????? ??????? 10% ??????????? ????? ?????-?????? ??????? 4 ???????? 1959??? ???????????? ?????? ???????????. ^[9]?????? ????? ???????? ???? ????????? ??????, 1964??? ??????? ??? ??????????????? ????-?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ????????????. ^[10]1975??? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????????????, ????? ???????? 1,03,500 ?????? ???????? ??????????? ?????????. ^[11]

??????? ?????? ?????????? 15 ???????? (3X5mw) ????????? ???????? ???????? ???? ?????????????? ??????????????????.

???????? ????? [ ???? ]

??????????? [ ???? ]

↑ Negi, Sharad Singh. Himalayan Rivers, Lakes and Glaciers . Google Books . ????????????? ???? 2010-05-28 . {{ cite book }}: |work= ignored ( help )
↑ Upper & Lower Mustang (Map). 1:70000. Nepal Map Publisher Pvt., Ltd., Kathmandu.
↑ Garzione, Carmala N.; et al. (2000), "Predicting paleoelevation of Tibet and the Himalaya from δ18O vs. altitude gradients in meteoric water across the Nepal Himalaya", Earth and Planetary Science Letters , 183 (1?2): 215?229, Bibcode : 2000E&PSL.183..215G , ?????? ????? ?????? : 10.1016/S0012-821X(00)00252-1 (Table 2)
↑ Chitwan National Park
↑ Bhuju, U. R., Shakya, P. R., Basnet, T. B., Shrestha, S. (2007). Nepal Biodiversity Resource Book. Protected Areas, Ramsar Sites, and World Heritage Sites. ????????????? 2011-07-26 at the ??????? ????????? International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development, Ministry of Environment, Science and Technology, in cooperation with United Nations Environment Programme, Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific. Kathmandu, ??????????? ?????????? ??? 978-92-9115-033-5
↑ "Mustang Caves" . Archived from the original on 2013-06-12 . ????????????? ???? 2015-11-20 .
↑ Rahman, Maseeh (2007-05-04). "Shepherd leads experts to ancient Buddha cave paintings | World news | guardian.co.uk" . London: Guardian . http://www.guardian.co.uk/international/story/0,,2072736,00.html . ??????? ????: 2009-11-28 .
↑ "Nepalnews.com Mercantile Connumications Pvt. Ltd" . Nepalnews.com.np. Archived from the original on 2006-10-07 . ????????????? ???? 2009-11-28 .
↑ "Ministry of Water Resources" . Wrmin.nic.in. Archived from the original on 2010-01-08 . ????????????? ???? 2009-11-28 .
↑ "Commissioned Projects of BHPC" . Bshpcltd.com. Archived from the original on 2009-04-30 . ????????????? ???? 2009-11-28 .
↑ "???????????????????? ????" . Archived from the original on 2009-04-10 . ????????????? ???? 2015-11-20 .

India's Water Wealth (1975, Dr. K.L.Rao, Orient Longman Ltd, Hyderabad, New Delhi
"Waters of Hope" (1993), B.G.Vargehese, New Delhi
A Framework for Sustainable Development of the Ganges- Brahmaputra- Meghna (GBM Region), Proceedings of Conference held in Dhaka, 4?5 December 1999?Nepal Water Vision in the GBM Regional Framework, Institute for Integrated Studies, Kathmandu).

???? ?????????? [ ???? ]

?????????? ?????????????? ?????? ????-?????? ??????? ???????? ??????
???????????? ?????? ???????? ??????
Trekking in Nepal site map of the river.
Hydroelectric Power Plants in India - Other States ????????????? 2012-09-04 at Archive.today
Thulagi Glacier and Lake ????????????? 2011-07-18 at the ??????? ?????????
WILD LIFE SANCTUARIES AND NATIONAL PARKS ????????????? 2009-04-10 at the ??????? ?????????
Valmiki Tiger Reserve ????????????? 2009-09-15 at the ??????? ?????????
GMR energy to acquire 80% stake in Nepal's Himtal Power ????????????? 2012-03-07 at the ??????? ?????????
Gandak Barrage ????????????? 2009-04-10 at the ??????? ?????????
The India-Nepal Treaty ????????????? 2010-01-08 at the ??????? ?????????
Ministry of Water Resources

[1] Negi, Sharad Singh. Himalayan Rivers, Lakes and Glaciers . Google Books . ????????????? ???? 2010-05-28 . {{ cite book }}: |work= ignored ( help )

[2] Upper & Lower Mustang (Map). 1:70000. Nepal Map Publisher Pvt., Ltd., Kathmandu.

[3] Garzione, Carmala N.; et al. (2000), "Predicting paleoelevation of Tibet and the Himalaya from δ18O vs. altitude gradients in meteoric water across the Nepal Himalaya", Earth and Planetary Science Letters , 183 (1?2): 215?229, Bibcode : 2000E&PSL.183..215G , ?????? ????? ?????? : 10.1016/S0012-821X(00)00252-1 (Table 2)

[4] Chitwan National Park

[nbrb07-5] Bhuju, U. R., Shakya, P. R., Basnet, T. B., Shrestha, S. (2007). Nepal Biodiversity Resource Book. Protected Areas, Ramsar Sites, and World Heritage Sites. ????????????? 2011-07-26 at the ??????? ????????? International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development, Ministry of Environment, Science and Technology, in cooperation with United Nations Environment Programme, Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific. Kathmandu, ??????????? ?????????? ??? 978-92-9115-033-5

[6] "Mustang Caves" . Archived from the original on 2013-06-12 . ????????????? ???? 2015-11-20 .

[7] Rahman, Maseeh (2007-05-04). "Shepherd leads experts to ancient Buddha cave paintings | World news | guardian.co.uk" . London: Guardian . http://www.guardian.co.uk/international/story/0,,2072736,00.html . ??????? ????: 2009-11-28 .

[8] "Nepalnews.com Mercantile Connumications Pvt. Ltd" . Nepalnews.com.np. Archived from the original on 2006-10-07 . ????????????? ???? 2009-11-28 .

[9] "Ministry of Water Resources" . Wrmin.nic.in. Archived from the original on 2010-01-08 . ????????????? ???? 2009-11-28 .

[10] "Commissioned Projects of BHPC" . Bshpcltd.com. Archived from the original on 2009-04-30 . ????????????? ???? 2009-11-28 .

[11] "???????????????????? ????" . Archived from the original on 2009-04-10 . ????????????? ???? 2015-11-20 .

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]