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?????? ????????

??????? ??????????????? ?????????????????? ???????.
?????? ????????
?????????????
7664-39-3   Y
ChEBI CHEBI:29228   Y
ChemSpider 14214   Y
InChI
  • InChI=1S/FH/h1H   Y
    Key: KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N   Y
  • InChI=1/FH/h1H
    Key: KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYAC
????? -3D ????????? Image
KEGG C16487   Y
??????? 16211014
??.?.??.? ??? MW7875000
  • F
UNII RGL5YE86CZ   Y
????????
F H
???????????? ??? 20.01 g·mol ?1
??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ( 19.5°C ?????? ????)
???????? 1.15 g/L, gas (25 °C)
0.99 g/mL, liquid (19.5 °C)
????????? ?83.6 °C (?118.5 °F; 189.6 K)
???????? 19.5 °C (67.1 °F; 292.6 K)
???????
??????????? ??? (p K a ) 3.17 [1] [2]
????????? ???????? ( n D ) 1.00001
??????????
????????? ??????
????????? ?????????? (Dipole moment) 1.86 D
??????????????
Std enthalpy of
formation Δ f H o 298 		?13.66 kJ/g (gas)
?14.99 kJ/g (liquid)
???? ??????
??????????? S o 298 		8.687 J/g K (gas)
?????????
?????????? ??????????
???? ????? ??????????? ?????? ????????
?????? ????????
?????? ???????
???? ???? ??????????? ??????? ????????
??????????? ????????
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?????????? ?????????? ???????
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???????? ????? ??????????? ??????? ????????????? ??????? ??????
????????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? (25°C, 100kPa) ?????????.
| colspan=2 |   Y   verify  ( ??? :  Y / N ?)

?????? ???????? ( Hydrogen fluoride ) ?????? HF ???? ????????? ???????? ????? ??? ????????????? ?????. ?????????????? ???????? ????????????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????????????. ??????? ???????? ???? ???????? ???????k ?????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? (???????: ?????????) ????? ?????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??? ??????????? ????????????. ????????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????????????. ??????? ?? ??????????????? ?????????????????? ?????????????. ??? ????????????? ????????? ????????????? ?????? ???????? ??????????? . ????? ???????? ??? ???????? ??????? ??????????????? ??????????? . ???????? ???? ???????? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ??????????.

??????? ?????? ????????? ??????????? ??????????????????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????? ??????????? ???????????? ?????? ???????? ?????????????. ????????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????????????????? ???????????????.

?????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ???????????? ????????? ??????????? ( 1814 ? 1894 ) ?????????????. ???????? ????????? ??????? ?????????????? ???? ?????? ????????????. ??????? 1771 ??? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ???????????????. ???????? ????????? ????????? ??????????????? ?????????????????????? ?????? ????????????????? ?????.

??????? [ ???? ]

படிக ஐதரசன் புளோரைடில் உள்ள HF சங்கிலிகளின் அமைப்பு
???? ?????? ?????????? ???? HF ???????????? ???????

???????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ????????????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????????? ?????????????. ??????? ????????????? ????? ????????????? ( -83.6 ???? ????????? ?????? ? 118.5 ???? ?????????? ) ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????????? ?????? ???????????? ??????? ?????????? ??????????. ??????? 95 ????????????? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ? ???????? ????????????, 155 ????????????? [3] ??????????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ??????????????? ??????????? ????????? ?????????????????. ??????????????? ?????? ???????????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????????????? ?????????? ??????????????. ??????? ??????????? ????????? ????? ?????? ??? ????????? ?????????? ?????????? [4] .

?????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????? [ ???? ]

HF ???????????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ??????????. ??????????? ???? HF ??????????????? ????????? ??????? ???????????????. ?????? ?????????? ?????? ????????, ?????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????????????? ?????????????? [5] [6] [7] . HF ???????????????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???????????? ???? ?????????????? ???????? ?????? ???????????? ????????????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ?????????????? ????????. ???????? ?????? ???? ???????? ? 85 ???? ????????? ( -120 ???? ??????????) ????? ? 35 ???? ????????? ( -30 ???? ???????????) ????????????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ???????? 20 ???? ????????? ????????? ??????? ?????????????.

???????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ????????. ??????, ?????? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ???????????????. ????????? 1:1 ???????????? ?????????? ? 40 ???? ????????? ????????? ??????? ????????????. ????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????????? ( - 44 ???? ????????? ) ??? ?????????? [8]

HF and H 2 O similarities
graph showing trend-breaking water and HF boiling points: big jogs up versus a trend that is down with lower molecular weight for the other series members. graph showing humps of melting temperature, most prominent is at HF 50% mole fraction
?????? ?????????? ??????????? (?????) ??????? ?????? ?????????????? (???????): HF ??????? H 2 O ?????????. HF ??? ???????/ H 2 O ???????: ???????????? ??????????? ?????????????? ????????????.

???????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ????????. ??????, ?????? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ???????????????. ????????? 1:1 ???????????? ?????????? ? 40 ???? ????????? ????????? ??????? ????????????. ????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????????? ( - 44 ???? ????????? ) ??? ??????????.

??????????? [ ???? ]

???????????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? [9] . ?????? ? ???????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????????, ??????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ???? ???????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????????? [note 1] . ???????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???????????? ???????????? ??????? ?????????? (HF 2 ) ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????????????? ??????????????. ???? ??????? ???? ??????????? ??????? ????????????? [11] . ???? ???????????? ??????, ????????? ??????|?????????]] ?????? ???????? ????????? ???? ???? ???????? ?????? ????????? ????????????????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????? [12] . ???? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ?????????????? ??????????? ???? ????????????????????? ????????? ????????? ????????????????? ?????? [11] .

???????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ???????? ???????????? ???????????? ??????????? ????????????. ????????? ?????????? ???? ??????????? ??????????? ??? ?????? Ka = 6.6×10?4 (or pKa = 3.18) ????? [13] . ????? ??????????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ??????????? ??????????? ??? (pKa < 0) ?????. ???????? ??????????? ??????????????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????????? (H 0 ) [14] ??????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ??????????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ???????????????? ?????. 100 ????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? -10.2 ??????? ? 11 ??????????? ??????? ??????. ????????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? -12 ?????? ??????????????????? [15] [16]

?????? ?????????? ????????? ????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????????. ???????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????????? ?????????????. ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ????????????? ???? ?????? ? ???????? ???????? ????? ???????, ?????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???? ???????? ??????? ????????? ????????????????? [17] . ???????, ?????? ??????????? ????? ???? ?????? [H3O+?F?] ????????? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ????????????? ???????? ??????? ?????? [18] [19] ??? ????????? ??????????? ???????????? ??????? ??????????? ??????????? ???????? ????????? ????????????.

H 2 O + HF is in a favored equilibrium with [H 3 O + ?F ? ]
[H 3 O + ?F ? ] is in a disfavored equilibrium with H 3 O + + F ?

??????????? [ ???? ]

  1. ↑ ??????? ?????????????? ???????. [10]

??????????? [ ???? ]

  1. ↑ "pKa's of Inorganic and Oxo-Acids" (PDF) . Harvard. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 ?????? 2015 . ????????????? ???? 9 September 2013 .
  2. ↑ Bruckenstein, S.; Kolthoff, I.M., in Kolthoff, I.M.; Elving, P.J. Treatise on Analytical Chemistry , Vol. 1, pt. 1; Wiley, NY, 1959 , pp. 432-433.
  3. ↑ Johnson, M. W.; Sandor, E.; Arzi, E. (1975). "The Crystal Structure of Deuterium Fluoride". Acta Crystallographica B31 (8): 1998?2003. doi : 10.1107/S0567740875006711 .  
  4. ↑ Mclain, Sylvia E.; Benmore, CJ; Siewenie, JE; Urquidi, J; Turner, JF (2004). "On the Structure of Liquid Hydrogen Fluoride". Angewandte Chemie , International Edition 43 (15): 1952?55. doi : 10.1002/anie.200353289 . ??????? : 15065271 .  
  5. ↑ Pauling, Linus A. (1960). The nature of the chemical bond and the structure of molecules and crystals: An introduction to modern structural chemistry . Cornell University Press. pp. 454?464. ??????????? ?????????? ???   978-0-8014-0333-0 .
  6. ↑ Atkins, Peter; Jones, Loretta (2008). Chemical principles: The quest for insight . W. H. Freeman & Co. pp. 184?185. ??????????? ?????????? ???   978-1-4292-0965-6 .
  7. ↑ Emsley, John (1981). "The hidden strength of hydrogen" . New Scientist 91 (1264): 291?292 . http://books.google.com/books?id=ZbthaZCUXy4C&pg=PA292 . ??????? ????: 25 December 2012 .  
  8. ↑ Greenwood & Earnshaw 1998 , ?. 812?816.
  9. ↑ Wiberg, Wiberg & Holleman 2001 , ?. 425.
  10. ↑ Clark, Jim (2002). "The acidity of the hydrogen halides" . ????????????? ???? 4 September 2011 .
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Chambers, C.; Holliday, A. K. (1975). Modern inorganic chemistry (An intermediate text) (PDF) . The Butterworth Group. pp. 328?329. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-12-27 . ????????????? ???? 2015-04-01 . {{ cite book }} : CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link )
  12. ↑ Hannan, Henry J. (2010). Course in chemistry for IIT-JEE 2011 . Tata McGraw Hill Education Private Limited. pp. 15?22. ??????????? ?????????? ???   9780070703360 .
  13. ↑ Ralph H. Petrucci; William S. Harwood; Jeffry D. Madura (2007). General chemistry: principles and modern applications . Pearson/Prentice Hall. p. 691. ??????????? ?????????? ???   978-0-13-149330-8 . ????????????? ???? 22 August 2011 .
  14. ↑ H.H. Hyman and others Katz, Joseph J. (1957). "The Hammett acidity function H 0 for HF aqueous solutions". J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 79 (14): 3668. doi : 10.1021/ja01571a016 .  
  15. ↑ W.L. Jolly “Modern Inorganic Chemistry” (McGraw-Hill 1984), p. 203 ??????????? ?????????? ??? 0-07-032768-8
  16. ↑ F.A. Cotton and G. Wilkinson, Advanced Inorganic Chemistry (5th ed.) John Wiley and Sons: New York, 1988. ??????????? ?????????? ??? 0-471-84997-9 p. 109
  17. ↑ C.E. Housecroft and A.G. Sharpe "Inorganic Chemistry" (Pearson Prentice Hall, 2nd ed. 2005), p. 170.
  18. ↑ Paul-Antoine Giguere; Turrell, Sylvia (1980). "The nature of hydrofluoric acid. A spectroscopic study of the proton-transfer complex H 3 O + ...F ? ". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 102 (17): 5473. doi : 10.1021/ja00537a008 .  
  19. ↑ Radu Iftimie, Vibin Thomas, Sylvain Plessis, Patrick Marchand, and Patrick Ayotte (2008). "Spectral Signatures and Molecular Origin of Acid Dissociation Intermediates". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130 (18): 5901?7. doi : 10.1021/ja077846o . ??????? : 18386892 .  

????????? ?????????? [ ???? ]

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