?. ??. ??????????????

??????? ??????????????? ?????????????????? ???????.
( ???. ??. ????????????? ????????? ????????????????)
???. ??. ??????????????
????????? ?????? ???????. ???. ??. ?????????????? ?????? ????????
????????? ???????????
????????
9 ???? 1980 ? 24 ???????? 1987
?????????? ?????????? ?????? ?????
???????? ???. ?????????????
????????
30 ???? 1977 ? 17 ???????? 1980
?????????? ?????? ?????
???????? ?????? ?????
???????????? ????? ??????? ??????????? ????????? ??????????????
????????
17 ???????? 1986 ? 24 ???????? 1987
?????????? ???. ????????????
???????? ???. ?????????????
????????
17 ???????? 1972 ? 22 ???? 1978
?????????? ???? ?????????????
???????? ???. ?????????????
??????? ??????????? ????????? ?????????
????????
27 ???? 1969 ? 10 ???????? 1972
????????? ?????? ??. ?????????
?????????????? ???. ?????????????
??????????? ????????? ?????? ??????
????????
1957?1959
?????????? ???. ???. ?????????
???????? ?????? ????
????????? ?????????
???????
??????? ??????? ??????????????

17 ????? 1917
???????????? ,
????? ???????? , ?????? ??????? , ??????????? ?????? (??????? ?????? )
?????? 24 ???????? 1987 ( 1987-12-24 ) (???? 70)
?????? (??????? ?????? ), ????????? , ???????
?????????????? ???.??.???. ??????? ????? ?????????
??????? ????? ???????????? ????? ??????? ??????????? ?????
???????(???) ??????? (?????? 1942)
?????????? (?????? 1962)
??. ???. ????? (?????? 1996)
?????????? ????????????? :-
1) ???.??.????????? ,
2)???.??.????????,
3)???.??.???????,
4)???.??.????????????
???? ?????? , ???????????? , ????????? , ?????????? , ???????????
????????? ???? ????? (1988)

???. ??. ??? ???? ??????? ????? ?????, ??????? ??????? ?????????????? (???. ??. ??????????????, 17 ????? 1917 ? 24 ???????? 1987), ??????? ???????? ??????????? 1977 ????? ???????? ??? ????????????? ????????? ?????? ???? ???????????????? ?????????.

???. ??. ??????????????? ???????? ????, ?????? ????????? ??????????? ?????????. [1] ?????????????? ???????????? ?????????????? ?????? ????? ??????????? ?????????. [2] 1936 ??? ?????????? ???? ?????????? ????? ????? ?????????????? ??????????, ?????????? ????? ?????, ?????? ????????? ??????? ???????????? ?????????????? ??????? ??????????? ????????? ?????????. ????????? ????????????????, ?????? ?????? ????????????? ??????????????? ??????????????. ???? ???? ????? ??????? ??????????? ????? ???? ??????? ????????? ???????, ???? ????????????????? ?????, ???????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???? ??????????? ???????????? ???????????????.

???? ????? ??????????? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ????????. [3]

????????? ????????

?????? ??????

?????????????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????? ???????????? ???? ???????? ??????? ????? - ???????? ??????????? 5 ??? ??????? ?????????. [4] [5] [6]

??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????????? ????????? ????????? ???????, ???? ????? ?????????????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????? ??????????? ???????. ??????? ?????????????? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? 20 ???? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????. ?????? ????? ????????, ???? ????? ????????? ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????????. ???? ??????????? ????? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ???????????? ??????? ????? ??????????. ?????? ??????? ????????????????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ?????????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????????. ???? ????? ???? ?????????????? ?????????? ???? ????????? ????? ???????????????? ???????????????. ?????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ???????? ????????????????. ?????? ????????? ???????? ??? ?????? ????????? ????? ???????? ?? ??????????? ???????.

???. ??. ??????? ????????????? ????? ????? ????? ??????, ????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ???????????? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????????????, ????? ????? ????????? ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???????? ????????????? ????? ??????????? ???? ????? ????????.

?????? ???. ??. ??? ???? ????????? ??????????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ????????????? ????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ???????????????. ?????? ?????? ????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ????????? ??? ??????? ????? ??????????????? ????? ???? ????????????, ???????????? ?????? ??????????? ????????? ????????????? ???? ?????????????? ???? ????? ???????? ????????? ???? ?????? ???????????? ????????????. ??????? ????????????? ????????? ????????????? ??????????? ???? ??????????? ???????? ???????????. ??????? ???????? ???? ????????? ?????????? ?????????. ?????????????? ????? ???????? ?????????? ???????????????????? ????????. ?????????????????? ???? ???? ????????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????????. ????? ??????? ?????? ?????????????? ???????? ?????????. ???.??.???. ???????? ??????????? , ?????????????????? . ??????? ??????????? ???????????, ???? ?????? ????? ??????????? ??????????.

???????

????? ????????

???.??.??? ??????? ????????? ????????. ???????????????? ???? ????????? ????? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ????????. ???? ???? ??????????? ???????? ?????????? ????????.

????????? ????????

???? ????? ???????????? ???????? ???.??.???. ???????????? ?????????? ?????. ??????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ????????. [7]

????????? ????????

1948 ?????? ?????????????? ?????????? ??. ???. ????????? ???????? ??????

?. ??. ???. ????????? ???????????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????????. ??????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??. ???. ????? ??????????? ?????????. ???? ?. ??. ???.???? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????????. ?????? ????????? ???? ?. ??. ???.?????? ??????? ?????????.

??????????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???????????? ???????? ?????????? ???????. 1950 ??? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????? ?. ??. ???.???? ????????????? ????????? ??????????????? ?????? ???????. ???????????????? ?. ??. ???.???? ????????? ?????????? ?????????????? ????????? ??????????? ???????????? ??????? ????????. ???????????????? ??????????? ??????? ????? ?????????. ????? ?????????????? ??? ??????? ???? ???????????? ????????, ????????? ???????? ???????? (????????? ????? ???????? ????) ??????????? ?. ??. ???.???? ?????????? ????????? ???????????. ?. ??. ???. ?????? ???? ?????????? ????? ????????? ???????? ??? ???????? ????????????. ????????? ??? ???????? ??? ????????? ???????????? ?. ??. ???.???? ????????? ???? ???????? ????????. ????????? ????? ????? ???? ??????????? ?. ??. ???. ??? ???????? ????? ???????????????. [8] ????????????? ?. ??. ???.???? ???????? ????????? ?. ??. ???????????? , ??????? ???????? ????????? ??. ??. ????????????? ???? ?????????. ?. ??. ???.???? ???????? ????? ?????????? ??????????????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ??????????????????.12 ???????? ??????? 1962 ???????? 25 ??? ???? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ???? 14??? ???? ?. ??. ???.???? ????????? ????????? ??? ???????????? ????? ??????????????. ???????? ???????? ???? ?????????????? ???????? ????????? ??????????????? ?????? ???????????. [9]

???????? ??????????

?????? ??????????? ????????? ???.??.??????? ?????????? ?????. [10] ???? ?????- ???????? ???? ???????????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????????????? ????????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ???????? ????????????? ??? (???????????), ???? (????????), ???? (??????????????). ????? (????????), ????? ???? ???????? ??? ?????????? ???????????? ????????????? ????????. [9]

????? ????

???.??.??? ???????? ???????????????? ??????????? ??????? ??????????????. ????? ?????????? ?????? ????, ????????? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???.??.??? 25??? ????? ?????? ???? ?????????????????.

??????? ?????????

???.??.??? ????-???? ???? ??????????? ?????? ?????????? ??????????. ???? ??????? ????????? ???? ????????? ???? ???????????????. ??? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ???????????? ?????????. ??????????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????, ???? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ??????, ????? ?????? ??? ??.???? ???????? ???????? ????????.

???????????? ???? ???.??.??? ???? ???? ???????????? ???????? ??????????? ???, ????, ????, ??????? ??? ???????? ??????????. ???????? ??????? ??? ???????????? ?????????????????????. [11]

????????????? ???.??.?????? ?????? ???? ??????????? ???????????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????????. ??? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ??? ?????????? ???? ?????????? ?????????????????? ???.??.???.

???????? ????????

????????? ???????: ???.??.????? ???????? ????????

1936?? ?????????? ??????? ?????????????? ??????? ???????????????, 1947 ?? ???? ?????? ????????? ???? ???????????? ?????? ????? ?????????????. ????????? ???? ?????? 25 ????????, ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ?????????????????? ??????? ???????????. ??????? ?? ??????????? ??????? ???. ???. ?????????? ???????????? ????????? ?????? ????? ??????????? ??????? ????????? ????? ?????????????.

?????????????????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ????????????? ???????? ???????? ?????????, ??????????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????????? ???????????? ????????. 1971 ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????, ???.??. ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????, “?????” ?????? ?????????. ??? ????? ?????? ?????????? ????????????? ???????? ?????????????? ?????????. ????????????? ??????? 12 ?????????????? 100 ??????? ????? 150 ??????? ??? ???, ??????? ?????????.

???? ????????? ???????? ???? ???? ?????????? ??????? ????? ??????????????? ?????. ???? ???????? ???????????? ???? ???.??.???. ?????? ????????? ???????????: ?????? ?????? , ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ???????? ??????? . ?????? ?????? , ??????? ????? ??????????????? ??????? ????? ???????? ??????? ???? ????????????? ???? ??????????.

??????? ????????

????????? ???????: ???.??.????? ??????? ????????

??? ????????? ??????? ????????????????, ??????? ??????????? ????????? ??????? ??????????????? ???????????. ???????????? ?????????????? ????? ????? ?????????????. ?????????????? ?????? ?????????. ??. ???. ????????????? ??????????? ????, ??. ????????? ???????????????? ????????? ????????? ???????????? ??????? ???????????? ???.??.??? ??????? ?????? ????????????.

1972 -??? ????? ??????? ??????????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ???????????? ??????????? ????????????. ???? ????????? ??????????? ???????? ???? ???????????,????????????????????? ???????? ???????.?????? ???????? ???????????? ????? ??????? ??????????? ????? ???????. ????? ???????? ??????????? ??????????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ???????.

??????????????? ????? ???????? ???????, ??????? ???????? ?????????, ?????? ????????????, ?????? ??????????, ???????????????, ?????????? ????????? ????? ???????? ????? ??????????, ???? ??? ???????? ???????????? ??? ?????. 1977?? ???????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ???????? ???????????????. 1984?? ???????? ?????????????????, ????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????????? ?????? ??????????? ?? ??? ???????????? ??????.1984 ??? ????? ???????????????? ?????????? ??????????????????????. 1987 ??? 10 ???????? ???????????? ??????????? ?????? ????????? ???????????????? ???? ?????????. ??????????? ???? ?????????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????????????.

????? ????? 1988-??? ???????? 1989-??? ????????. 1991 ????? 1996 ?????????, 2001 ????? 2006 ????????? 2011 ????? 2016 ??? ???????????? ????? ??????? ??????????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??. ???????? ????????? ????? ????????????????.

???? ?????? ????????????? ????????? ??????????? ??????????????? ????????? ????????? ?????????????? ????????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????????????. [12] ???? ?????? 29 ???????????? ??????????, ??????? ??????????? ???????????? ????? ??????? ??????????? ??????????? ???????????????? ????????????? ???????. [13] ??? ???????? ?????? ?????????????? ?????? ???????????? ???????????.

??????????

  • ?????????? ???????
  • ????? ??????? ????????????? ?????? ????
  • ?????????? ???? ??????????
  • ??????????? ????????????? ??????? ?????????
  • ???? ???? ?? ?????????
  • ???? ?????? ????????? ???????
  • ???? ????? ????????? ???????
  • ???? ??????? ????????? ???????
  • ???? ??????? ????????? ???????
  • ???????? ????????? ??????? ????? ???????? ??????????? ???????. [14]

????? ???????? ????? ?????????

1921?? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ????? ???????? ????? ????????? ??????????? ?????????????? ?????? ????????? , ????????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ???.??.???. ?????????, ??????????? ???, ???, ??????, ??????, ???????, ???????? ???, ????? ????????? , ????? ???????? , ?????????, ??????, ?????????, ?????????, ???????, ????? ?????????? , ???????? ???, ???????? ??????? ????????? ????? ??????????, ??????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????, 1981 ??? ????? ??????????????????? ?. ??. ???. ???? ??????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????? ????????????????.

  • ??????????? ???.??.???. ????????? 13 ????, 1981 ??? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ???????????????????? ??????? ??????????, ???????? ??????????????????? 1000 ?????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????????????.
  • 1981 ?????? 1 ??? ???? ????? ?????? ????? “??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? 1981” ????????????????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????????????.
  • ?????? ????????? ????? ???????? ??????????? 972.7 ?????? ??????? ???.??.??? ?????????? ???? ????????????? ??????????. [15]

????? ???? ??????? ??????????

?????????? ????????? ????????? ???????????? ????? ???? ????????? ????????, ?????????????? ???.??.?????? ?????? ??????????. ??????????? ???????????? ??????? ???.??.??? ????? ???????????? ????????? ???? ???????.

?? ????????? ???????

1980????? ????????????? ??????????? ???? ?????? ???????????? ???. ??. ???. ????????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ????????????????? ??? ???? ???? ?????????????? ???? ???????????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??. ????????? ????????????. ??????????? ?????????? ????????? ????????????????? ??????? ????????? ????? ??.7 ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????????? ????????????.

???.??.??? ??????? ?????????

????????? ????????????? ??????????????? ???????????? ????? ????????? ???.??.???. ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ?????????, ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????. ???? ???? ????????????? ??????????? ??????? ????????????? ?????? ????? ????????? ?????????? ????????????????. ?????? ???.??.??? ?????? ????? ????????????? ????????????????. ?????? ???? ??????? ??????????? ????????? ??????? ???????????????, ????? ???????? ???????? ???? ????????. ?????? ???? ????????? ??????????????? ???????? ??????????? ????? ???.??.??? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????????? ????????????. [16] ???.??.??? ????? ?????????? ??? ????? ????????? ??. 40 ?????? ??? ??????????? ??????? ???????????? ????????? ????????????. ???.??.????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ”?????? ?????? ??????????? ???????????? ????????? ?????????? ??????????? ???.??.???, ????????????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????????????????” ????? ????????????. [17]

???.??.????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ??????????

1984 ??? ????? ?????? ???.??.?????????, ?????????????????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????????????? ???????????. "?????????? ?????? ???.??.????????? ??????? ???????????????? ???? ?????????. ?????? ??????????? ??????? ???????, ??????? ???.??.????? ?????????. ??? ????????? ?????? ???????." ????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ???????????????.

???? ?????? ?????? ?????????

"???????? ????? ???????? ?????. ???.??.???. ?????? ????????????????? ???? ??????????? ??????????. ???? ??????? ?????? 10 ???????? ???????????????? ??????????????????? ??? ???? ????????????????. ??? ????????????? ???????? ??????" ????? ??????????? ???? ?????? ????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ????????????????? ???????????? ????????? ????????????. [18]

???? ?????? ???????????

?????? ?????? ????????

???.??.??? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???????????????? ??????? ???????? ?????????????. [19] ?????? ???????????? ???????? ?????????? ???????????? ????????? ?????????? ???.??.???, ???????? ???, ??? ???? ??????????????? ???? ?? ?? ????????? ?????????????. ?????????? ???????????? ?????? ????????? ???? ??? ?????? ???????, ?????????????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ???.??.???. ????????????????????. [20]

?????????? ?????

‘???? ??? ??????????’ - ????? ???????? ???.??.??? ?????? ?????????? ?????. ??? ???? ????????? ????? ?????????????. ??????????? ???????? ‘???? ???????? ????????’ ??????? ???????? ?????????. [21]

??????? ??????????? ???????????

?.??.???. ?????? ?.??.????????????? ???? ???????????????????, ??????????????????? ?? ??????????? ????????????????. ???????? ??????????????? ??? ???????.

?????????

  1. ????? ?????? - ?????? ????
  2. ????? ?????? - ????????? ????
  3. ???? ????? ?????? - ?????? ????
  4. ???????? ?????? - ?????? ???? (???? ???????)
  5. ??????? ??????? ?????? - ??????? ????????????? , ???????? ????????????? , ??????? ?????????????, ????? ???????? ????????????? (???? ???????), ????????? ?????????? ???????? ????? (???? ???????)
  6. ?????????? ?????? - ?????? ?????? ???????.

??????????????? ??????????? ???????????????

  1. ???????? - ???????? ?????
  2. ??????? ?????? - ?????? ????????
  3. ???? ?????? - ??.?????????????
  4. ?????? ?????? - ??????????? ?????????
  5. ?????? ??????? - ??????????? ?????????
  6. ?????? ?????? - ?????????? ?????????
  7. ??? ????? - ??????????? ??????????? ??? ??????
  8. ?????????? - ????? ?????????????? ??? ??????
  9. ??? ?????? - ??????? ??????????
  10. ??? ?????? - ?????? ?????????
  11. ??? ??????? - ?????? ?????????
  12. ???? ?????? - ????? ?????????

??????? ????????? ??????????? ???????????????

  1. ?????????? ?????? ???? - ??????? ?????????
  2. ???????? ?????? - ????????? ????
  3. ????????? ???????????? - ?????? ?????????
  4. ???????? ??????? - ?????????? ????????
  5. ?????? ?????? - ??????????
  6. ?????????? - ???????????? ?????????
  7. ??????????????? - ??. ?. ???????????
  8. ??? ??????? - ????????? ??????????
  9. ?????? ???????? - ???. ?????????????
  10. ????????? - ?. ??. ????????

????????????

  • 1. ????? 1986 ????? ????????? ??? ???????? ??????? ???????????? ????? ??????? ??????????????? ???.??.???. [22] 7.47 ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ???, ???.??.????? ?????????? 54 ??? ????????? ??????????????. ???? ????? ?????? ????? 105 ????????? ????? ??????????.

???.??.??? ????????????

???.??.??? ?????

???.??.??? ?????????

????????? ???? ???. ??. ??? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ??????????? ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ???? ???????????????. ???? ???????? ???.??.???. ????????? ??????????????????. ????? ???.??.?????. ?????????? ???? ??????????????????. ???.??.????? ???? ???????????????, ??????? ??? ??????????? ???????? ?????????? ??? ???????????? ????????????????. ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??. ???????? ??????????? ??????????????????.

????? ???? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????? ????????? ????? ???? ???? ??????????????? ????? ??????. ????????? ????? ???????????? ??????? ??????????????????. ???.??.????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????, ?? ?????????? ??????? ??????????? ???????????? ????? ?????? ????????????????. ??????? ???????????????? ???? ??????????????? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ????????????????. [23]

?????? ??????????? ???? ???.??.???. ????????????? ??????? ????????? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ??. ????????? (??????) ?????? 2012 ??????? ????? ??????????? ???? ???????? ??????????. ???????? ???????? ???.??.???. ????????????? ???????????. ?????? ?????? ??????????? ???? ????? ????????? ???????????? ?????? ???????. ?????? ??????????? ??????????????? ??? ????????? ???.??.??? ??????????????? ????? ???????? ????? ????????. [24]

??????? ???.??.??? ?????? ??????

??????? ???.??.??? ?????? ??????

?????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????????? ??????? ???.??.??? ?????? ??????. ???.??.??? ???? ?????????? ???? ??????????? ??????????? ???????. ?????????? ????????? ??????? ???.??.??? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???? ??????????????????. ???.??.????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ???? ??????????? ??????????????????. ????? ???.??.??? ?????????????????? ??????? ???????????? TMX 4777 ???????? ?????????? ???? ?????????????????. [25] ?????? ???.??.??????? ??????????? ????? ???????????, ???? ???????????? ??????????? ???? ?????????? ????????????????.

????????? ???.??.???. ?????

????????????? ?????? ???? ??????????? ???? ???????????? ???????? 1800 ???? ??? ??????? ???.??.???????? ?????? ??????????????????. ??????, ?????????????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????????????? ??????????. 15.08.11 ????? ???.??.??? ???????????? ???????????????, ??????? ?????????? ????????? 108 ?????????? ???? ?????????? ???????. [26]

?????? ????? ???????? ????????????? ?????????? ????????? ???.??.??????? ??????? ??????????? ?? ???????? ????????? ????? ????? 30, ?? 2011?? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?????????????????????. [27]

????????????

  • எம்.ஜி.ஆர் நினைவிடம், மெரினா-சென்னை
    ???.??.??? ?????????, ??????-??????
  • எம்.ஜி.ஆர் அன்னை சத்தியபாமாவிற்காக கட்டிய கோவில்
    ???.??.??? ????? ????????????????? ?????? ??????
  • எம்.ஜி.ஆரின் நினைவகம், சென்னை
    ???.??.????? ????????, ??????

?????????? ???????????

?????????

  1. ↑ ???. ??. ????? ????????? ??? ????????? [ ??????????? ??????? ]
  2. ↑ ???????? ???????? ???.??.???. - ??.??. ??????????????
  3. ↑ "????? ?????? ?????? ???.??.????? 25 ??? ????? ?????? ????. ??????? ????????? ????" . Archived from the original on 2013-04-16 . ????????????? ???? 2013-07-09 .
  4. ↑ ??????????? (????) ????:10-8-1952, ?????? 3
  5. ↑ ???.??.???. ????????
  6. ↑ ???.???., ????????. "????? ????????" (in ?????). ??.??.??. . http://www.bbc.co.uk/tamil/specials/178_wryw/ . ??????? ????: 2006-11-08 .  
  7. ↑ MGR Remembered ? Part 2
  8. ↑ ???.??.???.; ???? ??? ?????????; ????????????? ???????? ?????
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 ???.??., ????? ???? ????????? ???, ???? ??? ???? 20-1-1988, ???.4
  10. ↑ "?????????? ????????" . Archived from the original on 2008-01-18 . ????????????? ???? 2007-04-25 .
  11. ↑ "???.??.??? ????? ??????? ???? ???????????" . Archived from the original on 2010-09-21 . ????????????? ???? 2011-01-27 .
  12. ↑ ???.???., ????????. "????? ????????" . ??.??.??. . http://www.bbc.co.uk/tamil/specials/178_wryw/ . ??????? ????: 2006-11-08 . "?????????????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ??? ???????? ??????????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????????????? ???????. ???.??.??? ????????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????????????????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???????????? ????? ??????."  
  13. ↑ [The nurturing hero Changing images of MGR Sara Dickey (2005). Appeared in Tamil Cinema: The cultural politics of India’s other film industry ]
  14. ↑ "????????????? ???.??.????? ??????????? ???????? ????? ????????: ????????" . Archived from the original on 2011-01-18 . ????????????? ???? 2011-01-27 .
  15. ↑ ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????????????
  16. ↑ * ???.??.????? ????? ?????????
  17. ↑ * ??.????????? ??????? ????????? [ ??????????? ??????? ]
  18. ↑ "???????????????????? ????" . Archived from the original on 2016-03-09 . ????????????? ???? 2012-09-21 .
  19. ↑ "?????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ???.??.??? ?????? ????????" . Archived from the original on 2010-08-19 . ????????????? ???? 2011-01-26 .
  20. ↑ http://cinema.maalaimalar.com/2009/11/16110341/nadodi-mannan.html ??? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???.??.???. ????????? ??????????, ??????? ????????? ??????? ???? ?????????. ??? ???????? ???.??.?????? ?????????? ?????????, "???? ?????? ????????, ???? ??????; ?????? ????????? ??????" ????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ?????????.
  21. ↑ [lakshmansruthi.com]
  22. ↑ http://www.dinakaran.com/News_Detail.asp?nid=24202 ????????????? 2012-09-04 at the ??????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? -???????
  23. ↑ "???.??.??? ?????????" . Archived from the original on 2012-09-19 . ????????????? ???? 2012-09-21 .
  24. ↑ ???.??.??? ????????????? ????????? [ ??????????? ??????? ]
  25. ↑ http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/mgr_56.asp ????????????? 2014-08-29 at the ??????? ????????? ?????? ???.??. ???. ???????? ?????? - ???.??.???. ??????
  26. ↑ ???.??.???., ???????? ??... ????? ?????? ?????????????!
  27. ↑ "????????? ???.??.???. ?????" . Archived from the original on 2011-05-31 . ????????????? ???? 2012-09-27 .

???? ??????????

" https://ta.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=?._??._??????????????&oldid=3906873 " ????????? ?????????????????