????? ???????

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	661?750
	????
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?????????? ???????	???? ?????? ????, ??????? , ??????????, ??????? ????, ????????, ????????? ???? , ??????? ???? , ????? , ????????? ???? , ????????? , ?????? ????????, ???????
?????	?????? ???????
?????????	???????
? 661?680	??????? ???????
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? ????????	661
? ??????	750
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750	13,000,000 km 2 (5,000,000 sq mi)
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? 7?? ??????????	62000000
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	???????? ???????
	??????????? ??????
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???????? ??????????

????? ??????? ( Umayyad Caliphate ???? :??? ????) ???????? ???????????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ?????. ?????????? ???????? ????? ???? ???????? ?????. ???????? ???????????? ????? ???????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ????????, ?????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????? ??????? ????????????????. ???? ??? ?????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ??????????????. ??? ???? ?????????? ????? ????????? ???? ???? ??????????, ?????? ????????? , ???????? , ?????? ?????? , ?? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? (?????? ?????????) ???? ???????? ????????????? ????????. ??? ???? ????????? ???, ??? ?????????? ???????? ????? ????? ??????????? ????? ^[2]. ?????? ????? ??? ???????? ????? ????????????? ???????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????.

??????????????? ??????????? ?????????, ???? 750 ??? ??? ?????????????? ??????????. ??????????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?????, ????????????? , ???????? ?????????? , ??????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ?? 1924 ??? ????? ??? ??????????.

??????????? [ ???? ]

↑ http://www.historiansagainstwar.org/resources/Islamic_History&Literature.pdf
↑ Blankinship, Khalid Yahya (1994), The End of the Jihad State, the Reign of Hisham Ibn 'Abd-al Malik and the collapse of the Umayyads , State University of New York Press, p. 37, ??????????? ?????????? ??? 0791418278

[1] ttp://www.historiansagainstwar.org/resources/Islamic_History&Literature.pdf

[Blankinship-2] Blankinship, Khalid Yahya (1994), The End of the Jihad State, the Reign of Hisham Ibn 'Abd-al Malik and the collapse of the Umayyads , State University of New York Press, p. 37, ??????????? ?????????? ??? 0791418278

[1]

[2]

?? ? ?? ???????? ??????????
	???????? ?????????? 632-661
	????? ??????? 661-750
	?????????? ??????? 750-1258
	???????? ??????? 756-1031
	??????? ??????? 909-1171
	?????????? ?????? 1519-1924