??????? (??????????)

????????????? ????
??????? ??????????????? ?????????????????? ???????.
( ??????? ????????? ????????????????)
???????
Ubuntu logo

??????? 12.04 LTS (Precise Pangolin)
???????? /
????????????? 		?????????? ???????? / ??????? ??????????
?????????? ????????? ???????
???????? ?????? ?????? ????????
????? ???????? 20 ???????? 2004 ; 19 ???????? ???????  ( 2004-10-20 )
??????? ??????? ??????? 18.04 Bionic Beaver / 26 ?????? 2018 ; 6 ???????? ???????  ( 2018-04-26 )
??????? ?????????? ??????? 17.10 Artful Aardvark / 26 ????????, 2017
??????????  ??????? ??????? (Multilingual) 55 ?????? ???????? ???????
?????????? ???? APT
Package manager dpkg , Snappy
Supported platforms I386 , IA-32 , AMD64 ; ARMhf ( ARMv7 + VFPv3-D16 ), ARM64 ; Power , ppc64 le; s390x
????????? ??? Monolithic kernel , Linux
????????????  ????? ???????? ??????
?????? ???? ?????????? ?????? (GNU GPL)
???????? ???? ???????? (Current)
?????????? www.ubuntu.com

??????? ( / ? ? b ? n t uː / uu- BUUN -too ) [1] [2] ( Ubuntu ) ??????, ????/??????? ?????????????? ???????????? ?????????. ??? ??????? ????????????? ???????. ????? ??????????? ??????? ??????????????? ??????? , ?????? ?????? ?????????????????. ?????????? ????????????? ????????? ???????????. ?????????? ??????????? ??????????????? ???? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ????? ????????????? ????????. ??????? ???? ???????????? ??????????? ??????, ????? ????? ????????? ????????. "?????????????? ???????" ???? ???? ????????????? ??? ????????????. [3]

??????????? [ ???? ]

??????? (Nexus S) ???????
??????? ?????????????? ??????

??????????? ??????????? ??????? ????????????????? ??????? ?????????????. ??????? ?????????? 18 ????????????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ?????????. ????? ??????? ?????? (6.06) ???? ?????????????????? 3 ???? ???? ??????????? ????????????? 5 ???? ???? ??????????? ???????? ????????? ?? ????????????????????. ????????????????? ???? ???????? ???????? ????? ???????, 18 ???????? , 2007 ????? ???????????????????. . ????? ?????????? ?????? ??????????????? ????? ??? ????????? ????????????? ??????????????????????.

??????????? ??????? ??????????? ????????????, ??????? ????????????? ??????????????. ??????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????????? ???????. ???????????????? ??????? 4.10 ???? 200 4 ??? ????? 10 ??? ????? ??????????????.

????? ??????? ????????????? ????? Code name ????? ?????
1 4.10 20 ???????? , 2004 Warty Warthog 30 ?????? , 2006 ???? ????? ????????????????
2 5.04 8 ?????? , 2005 Hoary Hedgehog 31 ???????? , 2006 ???? ????? ????????????????
3 5.10 13 ???????? , 2005 Breezy Badger [4] [5] 13 ?????? , 2007 ???
4 6.06 1 ???? , 2006 Dapper Drake [6] [7] ?????? ???????????? ???? 2009, ????????????? 2011
5 6.10 26 ???????? , 2006 Edgy Eft [8] [9] ?????? 2008
6 7.04 19 ?????? , 2007 Feisty Fawn [10] ???????? 2008
7 7.10 18 ???????? , 2007 Gutsy Gibbon [11] ?????? 2009
8 8.04 24 ?????? , 2008 Hardy Heron [12] ?? 2013
9 8.10 30 ???????? , 2008 Intrepid Ibex [13] ?????? 2010
10 9.04 23 ?????? , 2009 Jaunty Jackalope ???????? 2010
11 9.10 29 ???????? , 2009 Karmic Koala ?????? 2011
12 10.04 29 ?????? , 2010 Lucid Lynx ?????? ???????????? ?????? 2013, ????????????? ?????? 2015
13 10.10 10 ???????? , 2010 Maverick Meerkat ?????? 2012
14 11.04 28 ?????? , 2011 Natty Narwhal ???????? 28, 2012
15 11.10 13 ???????? , 2011 Oneiric Ocelot ?? 2013
16 12.04 26 ?????? , 2012 Precise Pangolin [14] ?????? 2017
17 12.10 18 ???????? , 2012 Quantal Quetzal [15] ?????? 2014
18 13.04 25 ?????? , 2013 Raring Ringtail [16] ????? 2014
19 13.10 17 ???????? , 2013 Saucy Salamander ???? 2014
20 14.04 17 ?????? , 2014 Trusty Tahr 17 ?????? 2019 [17]
21 14.10 23 ???????? 2014 Utopic Unicorn 9 ???????? [18]
22 15.04 23 ?????? 2015 Vivid Vervet ???????? 2016
23 15.10 22 ???????? 2015 Wily Werewolf ???? 2016
24 16.04 21 ?????? 2016 Xenial Xerus ?????? 2021
25 17.04 13 ?????? 2017 Zesty Zapus ????? 2018
26 17.10 19 ???????? 2017 Artful Aardvark ???? 2018
27 18.04 26 ?????? 2018 Bionic Beaver ?????? 2023
28 18.10 08 ???????? 2018 Cosmic Cuttlefish ???? 2019
29 19.04 18 ?????? 2019 Disco Dingo ????? 2020
30 19.10 17 ???????? 2019 Eoan Ermine ???? 2020
31 20.04 23 ?????? 2020 Focal Fossa ?????? 2025
32 21.04 22 ?????? 2021 Hirsute Hippo ????? 2022
33 21.10 14 ????????2021 Impish Indri ???? 2022
34 22.04 21 ?????? 2022 Jammy Jellyfish ?????? 2027

?????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????????? ?????????????. ??????? ????????????? ???? ?????????? ????????. ???????????????? ????? ??????????????????? ??? ???????? ????? ???????????.

?????? ???????????? (Mark Shuttleworth) ?????????? ?????????? ???????? (Canonical Ltd) ????? ???????? [19] ????????????? ??????? ???????????.

???????? [ ???? ]

??????? - ????? ?????????????
  • ???????????????????? ????????????????????, ??????? ?????? ????????????? ??????????? ???????? ???????????????.
  • ???????? ??????, sudo ????? ????????? ???????????????.
  • ????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ???????????????????? ????.
  • ????? ?????????????? GTKIM.
  • utf -8 ????????????? ?????.
  • ???? ?????????? deb ???? ?????? ????????????????????.
  • synaptic ????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ???????????????? ???????? ???????????????????? ????. ( ?????? ???????????? ????????????)
  • ????? ???????? ????????? ??????????? ???????????? ????????????? ???????????, ????????????, ????? ?????????????? ????????????????????????? ????.

?????????? ???? ??????????????? ??????????? [ ???? ]

??????? 12.04????, ??????????
???????? ????, ???? ?????? ????? ???????
????? ??????????????

??????????? ?????????? ???? ???????????????, ?????????????????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ????????????? ???????????????. ???????,

  • Main (???????)
  • Restricted (???????????????)
  • Universe (?????????)
  • Multiverse (??????)

Main [ ???? ]

?????? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ??????????????? ????????????? ????????????. ?????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ???? ?????????????????? ?????????????. ?????????????? ?????????????????? ?????????? ???????????????, ???????????????????? ????????????????. ????????????? ???????????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???????????????????.

Restricted [ ???? ]

?????? ???????? ????????? ?????????????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????????? ??????? ??????????????. ????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ????????????? ????. ?????? ?????? ?????????? ???????????? ????????????? ??? ?????? ????????????. ???????????? ??????????? ????????? ?????????, ???????????? ???????? ????? ?????? ????????????. ??????? ??????????????? ??? ????? ?????????????????????? ???????????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????????.

Universe [ ???? ]

????????????? ????????? ????????????? ????????????. ???????? ?????? ?????????? ??????????. ?????????????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ????????.

Multiverse [ ???? ]

?????? ???????? ????????????? ???????????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ???????????? ???????????????? ?????????. ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????????????.

????? ????? ??????? (Cloud computing) [ ???? ]

??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ????????? ???????????. (??????? 11.04 ????????? ?????? ??????)

??????? ????????? ????????? [ ???? ]

??????? ??????????? ??????????????? ??????????????? ?????????? ???????? ??????????? ????????????.

???????? ?????? ?????????????????? ????????? [ ???? ]

  • ???????????? ????? - ???? ?????????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???? ??????? (????/??????? ????????????) ??????????????.
  • ?????????? - ???? ????????? ?????????????????, ?????????? ???? ?????? ?????????????? ????????????, ???????????????? ????????????????????????. ???????????? ????????? ??????????????????, ???? ??????????????.

????????? ?????????? ??????????? ????? ????????? [ ???? ]

????????? ????????????????? ????????????????? (processor) ???????????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????????????.

  • x86 (PC) ?????? ( 32 ?????? )
  • PPC (??????? ????????)
  • 64 bit (64???? ???????????????????)

??????????? ??????? [ ???? ]

  • ??????? 12.10 (ubuntu-12.10-desktop- i386 ) 789.9 MB???

????? ??????????????? [ ???? ]

  • ?????????? (kubuntu) - ??? ?? ?? ? (KDE) ?????????? ???????????. ?? ?? ? ??? ?????????? ??????????????? ?????????????????.
  • ??????????? (edubuntu) - ??? ?????? ???????? ???????????? ?????????????????? ??????????.
  • ???????? (xubuntu) - ??? ????? ??? ?? ? (xfce) ?????????? ???????????. ????? ??? ?? ? ??? ?????????? ??????????????? ?????????????????.

?????????? ??????? [ ???? ]

??????????? [ ???? ]

  1. ↑ Nelson Mandela. The Ubuntu Experience (Nelson Mandela Interview) [Motion picture].
  2. ↑ "About Ubuntu. The Ubuntu Story" . Canonical Ltd . ????????????? ???? 21 August 2012 .
  3. ↑ "About the Name" . Official Ubuntu Documentation . Canonical. Archived from the original on 23 ???????? 2013 . ????????????? ???? 5 January 2013 . {{ cite web }} : Check date values in: |archive-date= ( help ) ; Unknown parameter |= ignored ( help )
  4. ↑ "Ubuntu 5.10 announcement" . ????????????? ???? 2006-10-11 .
  5. ↑ "Ubuntu 5.10 release notes" . ????????????? ???? 2006-12-21 .
  6. ↑ "Ubuntu 6.06 LTS announcement" . Archived from the original on 2011-08-24 . ????????????? ???? 2006-12-21 .
  7. ↑ "Ubuntu 6.06 LTS release notes" . ????????????? ???? 2006-12-21 .
  8. ↑ "Ubuntu 6.10 announcement" . Archived from the original on 2011-08-24 . ????????????? ???? 2006-10-26 .
  9. ↑ "Ubuntu 6.10 release notes" . Archived from the original on 2008-07-06 . ????????????? ???? 2006-12-21 .
  10. ↑ "Ubuntu 7.04 announcement" . ????????????? ???? 2007-02-06 .
  11. ↑ "Ubuntu 7.10 announcement" . ????????????? ???? 2007-02-06 .
  12. ↑ "Ubuntu 8.04 announcement" . ????????????? ???? 2008-04-15 .
  13. ↑ "Next Ubuntu release to be called Intrepid Ibex, due in October" . ????????????? ???? 2008-02-20 .
  14. ↑ "Ubuntu 12.04 announcement" . Archived from the original on 2016-01-27 . ????????????? ???? 2012-01-11 .
  15. ↑ "Ubuntu 12.10 announcement" . ????????????? ???? 2012-04-23 .
  16. ↑ "Ubuntu 13.04 announcement" . ???????? 17, 2012 . ????????????? ???? ???????? 18, 2012 .
  17. ↑ https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Releases
  18. ↑ https://wiki.ubuntu.com/UtopicUnicorn/ReleaseNotes
  19. ↑ "Canonical and Ubuntu" . Canonical Ltd . ????????????? ???? 26 October 2012 .

???? ???????????? [ ???? ]

" https://ta.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=???????_(??????????)&oldid=3932169 " ????????? ?????????????????