???

???? ???????? ???? ???? ??????????? ????????? ??? ( ??????? ^ⓘ) ( clothing , clothes , attire ) ??????. ??? ?????????, ?????????? , ???????????? ??? ?? ??????????????????? ?????. ??? ?????? ?????????? ???? ????? ???????. ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ????????????? ?????? ??????????????? ?????????, ????? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ???????????????. ???? ???????? ???? , ??????? ?????. ??? ????????????????? ?????????????? ??????????, ?????? ?????????? ?????. ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????????????. ???? ????????? ?????????, ????????? ???????? ??????, ??????, ??? ???????????? ????????? ?????? ??????????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????. ???? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????????, ???? ????????? ????? ????????????????? ????????? ??? ???? ???????????. ?????????? ??????????????? ?????? ???????? ?????????????, ?????????? ??????? ????????????????????? ????? ??? ???????????? ??? ???????????????. ???????? ??????????? ????????????? ?????????????? ???????????????? ???, ????????? ?????????? ??????????? ????????? ???????????? ?????????? ?????????????. ?? , ????????? ???????????? ?????????, ??????????? ???????????????????? ???????? ??????????????? ??????? ???????? ?????.

??????? ??????? [ ???? ]

??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????????. ??????? ????????? ????????, ?????????????????? ???? ???????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????, ?????? ??????? 107,000 ???????????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????????????????? ???????? ????????? ????? ????????????????, ^[1]^[2]^[3]

???????????? [ ???? ]

??????? ????????? ?????????, ??? ??????????? ???? ???????? ????????? ?????. ???????? ???????????? ????? ???????????????????, ???????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ????????. ??????? ???????????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????????????. ?????????, ????, ??????????? ????????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????????. ??????? (????), ??????? ???????? ???????? ???????????. ???????? ???????????? ????????????, ??????, ?????? , ????????? . ????????? , ???????? ???????????? ????????? ?????????. ????????????????, ????????? ??????????????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??????????. ????? ?????????????, ??????? ???????????? ????????????, ??????? ???????????? ??????????? ?????? ?????????????.

??? ?? ?????? ????, ??????????? ???????????????? ???????????. ??????? ???????????, ?????? ????????????? ???????????, ???? ????????????? ???????????, ?????? ?????, ?????? ???? ??????????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???????????????. ^[4] ????????????? ??? ???????? ??????????? ???????, ???????, ?????, ????, ?????? ????? ????? ????????? ??????? ????????????? ??? ???????? ??????????? ?????????. ??? ????, ??????? ??????????, ????????? ???????????????? ?????? ???????????. ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????????? ????????????.

??????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ???????????, ??? ????????? ?????????????? ????????????????. ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????????? ???????. ????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ????? ???????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????? ????? ???? ????????????? ???????? ????????? ????? ???????? ????? ?????????. ??????? ???????????? ???????? ??????????? ???? ????????????? ????????????????. ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????????????? ??????????? ???????????? ????????????????. ??? ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ??????? ???????????? ???????? ??????????? ??????????????.

????? ??????????????? ???????????????????? ??????? ?????? ?????????????? ?????? ???? ??????????????? ??????? ?????????? ????????????? ???????. ???????? ??? , ??????????? ??? , ?????? ????? , ?????????? ??? , ??????? ??? , ???? ?????????????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????????????????.

???????? [ ???? ]

??????, ???????? ????????????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? 19 ???????????? ??????? ??????????????, ^[5] ???????? ?????????, ?????????????, ?????? ??? ????? ????????? ???????? ????????????? ???????? 20 ??? ???????????? ????? ????????? ??????? ?????????????. 1930 ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ??? ??????? (Psychology of Clothes) , ^[4] 1949 ??? ??????? ??????? ????????????? ???????????????? ??????????????? ??? ?????????? (Physiology of Heat Regulation and The Science of Clothing) ^[6] ????? ??????? ?????????????????? ?????????????. 1968 ??? ?????????, ????????? ????????????? ???? ???????? ??????????? ????? ?????????? ??????, ????????? ????????????? ?????????? ??? ???????? ??????? ???????????? ?????????????????. ^[7] ???? ??????? ??????????????? ?????? ???????? ???????????????, ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????????????. ???????, ??????????? ?????????????? ??????? ??????????. ?????????, ???????????????? ?????? ???????? ???????????? ??????? ?????? ?????????????? ?????? ??????? ????????????? ?????? ???????? ??????????????. ^[8]

????????? ????????? [ ???? ]

???? ???????? [ ???? ]

??????????? ???????????, ???????? ???? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ??????????????. ????, ?????, ??????? ??????????? ??????????? ????????????????. ???????????? ???????????, ??????, ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ?????????? ???????????????. ??????? ?????????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ???????. ??? ??????????? ??????????? ?????? ??????????? ??????????????, ??????????? ??????????? ?????????? ????????? ????????????? ???? ???????, ???????????? ?????? ?? ????????? ???????? ????????? ????????????. ?? ?????????, ?????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ????????????????????????. ??????????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????????????????????? ???????, ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????.

???????? ??????, ???????? ?????????, ?????????? ?????????? ???????????. ???????? ??????????? ????????????? ???????????? ??????????????. ??????? ???? ??? ???????? ?????????? ???, ???? ?????????? ???????? ??????????? ??????????????. ???? ??????????? ??????, ?????? ?????? ??????????. ??? ????????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ????????????? ???????, ???????????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ?????. ?????????????????? ???? ????????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ???????. ?????????, ?? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ???????????? ??? ??????. ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ????????? ????????, ????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ???????????? ?????? ???????????. ?????? ???????????? ?????????? ?????????? ????????????. ??????? ?????????? ?????????, ???????? ????? ??? ?????????? ?????????? ???????????. ???????, ????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????.

??????????? ???????????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????????????? ????? ??????????? ???????? ???????. ?????????? ?????????? ?????, ?????, ?????? ????? ????????? ????????? ????????????? ????? ????????. ????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ?????.

??? ??????????? ???????????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????? ????????? ?????????????? ?????. ???????????????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ?????????????? ?????. ???????? ??? ???? ???????? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ???????, ???????? ??????? ?????? ????????????? ??????????? ??????????????. ??? ????????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ????????????? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????????????.

?????? ????? [ ???? ]

????? ?????? ???, ????? ???????, ?????, ???????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ????????.

??? ???????????, ??????, ?????????? ????????? ??????????, ?????? ????????? ????????????. ????? ???????, ??????????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????????? ??????????? ?????????????? ?????? ???? ????????. ????? ?????????? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ???? ????????? , ????????? ?????????????? ????????? ????????. ??????????? ???????? ???? ??????????? ??????? ???????? ?????????????? ?????? ??? ???????????? ??????? ????????????? ????????? ?????? ??????????? ????? ??????????. ????? ???????? ???????????????? ??????? ????????, ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ????????. ?????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ?????? ??????????? ???????. ???????? ???????? ??? ????????, ??????? ????????? ?????? ???????????, ????????????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ??????????. ????????, ???????????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ???????????? ?????????????.

????? [ ???? ]

????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???????? ????? ????????. ??? ????????? ???? ???????? ????? ????????? ??????????????? ??????? ???????????. ???????, ????????? ??????? ???????????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????.

????? ??????? ??? ???????? ????? ????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ???????? ???????????????. ??????????? ???, ?????? ???? ??? ?????????, ??????????????? ?????????????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????????. ??? ??????? ?????????????, ????????? ????? ??????? ????????, ????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????. ??????????? ????, ?????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ????????. ?????????? ??????????, ????? ??????????? ??????????? ???????? ???????????????. ??????? ?????????? ??? ???? ????????? ???????? ???????. ???????????? ??????? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ????????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????? ????????????. ?????????? ????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ????????.

???????????? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ?????????? ??????? ????????? ???????????. ????????????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????????????. ?????, ??????? ????????? ??????????, ??????????? ????????????? ??????????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ??????????????.

????????? [ ???? ]

?????????? ?????? [ ???? ]

???? ?????????? ????? ???????? ??? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????? ???????? ????????? ??? ???? ???????? ???? ??????? ????????????. ?????????? ????, ?????????????? ?????? ??????????? ???????????, ????? ??????? ????????? ??????????, ????????? ???????? ??? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???????????. ????? ??????????, ?????????, ?????????, ?????? ??? ??????????? ???????? ??????? ??? ???????????? ?????? ??????? ????????????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??????????????.

????????????, ?????????, ????????? ????? ????????? ?????????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????? ????????? ?????. ?????? ??? ?????????? ????????, ????????????? ????????; ???????? ?????????, ?????????, ?????????? , ????????????? ??????????? ??? ????????, ?????????? ???????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????????????? ????????? ?????. ?????????????, ??????????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ???????????. ?? ????????? ??????? ????????? ????????, ????????????? ?????????? ???????? ???????????????. .

??????????? [ ???? ]

↑ Ralf Kittler, Manfred Kayser & Mark Stoneking (2003). "Molecular evolution of Pediculus humanus and the origin of clothing" ( PDF ). Current Biology 13 (16): 1414?1417. doi : 10.1016/S0960-9822(03)00507-4 . ??????? : 12932325 . http://www.eva.mpg.de/genetics/pdf/Kittler.CurBiol.2003.pdf . ??????? ????: 2012-03-31 .
↑ Stoneking, Mark. "Erratum: Molecular evolution of Pediculus humanus and the origin of clothing" . ????????????? ???? 24 March 2008 . ^{[
??????????? ???????
]}
↑ "...Lice Indicates Early Clothing Use ..." , Mol Biol Evol (2011) 28 (1): 29-32.
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Flugel, John Carl (1976. First published 1930), The Psychology of Clothes , International Psycho-analytical Library, vol. No.18, New York: AMS Press. First published by Hogarth Press, London, ??????????? ?????????? ??? 0-404-14721-6 {{ citation }}: Check date values in: |date= ( help ) Alternative ??????????? ?????????? ??? 978-0-404-14721-1 (This work is one of the earliest attempts at an overview of the psycho-social and practical functions of clothing)
↑ e.g. Jeffreys, Julius (1858), The British Army in India: Its Preservation by an appropriate Clothing, Housing, Locating, Recreative Employment, and Hopeful Encouragement of the Troops , London: Longman, Brown, Green, Longmans & Roberts , ????????????? ???? 8 September 2010
↑ Newburgh, Louis Harry, ed. (1968. Reprint of 1949 edition), Physiology of Heat Regulation and The Science of Clothing , New York & London: Hafner Publishing {{ citation }}: Check date values in: |date= ( help )
↑ Hertig, Bruce A (February 1969), "Book review: Physiology of Heat Regulation and the Science of Clothing" , Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine , 11 (2): 100 , ????????????? ???? 8 September 2010 (reviewer's name appears next to Newburgh, but was not the co-author. See also reviewer's name at bottom of page).
↑ Gilligan, Ian (January 2010), "The Prehistoric Development of Clothing: Archaeological Implications of a Thermal Model", Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory , 17 (1): 15?80, ?????? ????? ?????? : 10.1007/s10816-009-9076-x

???? ?????????? [ ???? ]

Molecular Evolution of Pediculus humanus and the Origin of Clothing ????????????? 2008-09-10 at the ??????? ????????? by Ralf Kittler, Manfred Kayser and Mark Stoneking (. ??.??.??? file)

[1] Ralf Kittler, Manfred Kayser & Mark Stoneking (2003). "Molecular evolution of Pediculus humanus and the origin of clothing" ( PDF ). Current Biology 13 (16): 1414?1417. doi : 10.1016/S0960-9822(03)00507-4 . ??????? : 12932325 . http://www.eva.mpg.de/genetics/pdf/Kittler.CurBiol.2003.pdf . ??????? ????: 2012-03-31 .

[Stoneking-2] Stoneking, Mark. "Erratum: Molecular evolution of Pediculus humanus and the origin of clothing" . ????????????? ???? 24 March 2008 . ^{[
??????????? ???????
]}

[3] "...Lice Indicates Early Clothing Use ..." , Mol Biol Evol (2011) 28 (1): 29-32.

[Flugel1930-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Flugel, John Carl (1976. First published 1930), The Psychology of Clothes , International Psycho-analytical Library, vol. No.18, New York: AMS Press. First published by Hogarth Press, London, ??????????? ?????????? ??? 0-404-14721-6 {{ citation }}: Check date values in: |date= ( help ) Alternative ??????????? ?????????? ??? 978-0-404-14721-1 (This work is one of the earliest attempts at an overview of the psycho-social and practical functions of clothing)

[Jeffreys1858-5] .g. Jeffreys, Julius (1858), The British Army in India: Its Preservation by an appropriate Clothing, Housing, Locating, Recreative Employment, and Hopeful Encouragement of the Troops , London: Longman, Brown, Green, Longmans & Roberts , ????????????? ???? 8 September 2010

[Newburgh1968-6] Newburgh, Louis Harry, ed. (1968. Reprint of 1949 edition), Physiology of Heat Regulation and The Science of Clothing , New York & London: Hafner Publishing {{ citation }}: Check date values in: |date= ( help )

[Hertig1969-7] Hertig, Bruce A (February 1969), "Book review: Physiology of Heat Regulation and the Science of Clothing" , Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine , 11 (2): 100 , ????????????? ???? 8 September 2010 (reviewer's name appears next to Newburgh, but was not the co-author. See also reviewer's name at bottom of page).

[Gilligan2010-8] Gilligan, Ian (January 2010), "The Prehistoric Development of Clothing: Archaeological Implications of a Thermal Model", Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory , 17 (1): 15?80, ?????? ????? ?????? : 10.1007/s10816-009-9076-x

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