'
????????? ????????? ???????????
(Ismail Ibrahim Chundrigar;
[1]
(
?????:
??????? ???????; ?????????? 15, 1897 -26 ?????????? 1960),
?. ?. ???????????
??????? ????????????? ????
??????????????
??????
??????? ?????. 1957 ??? ????? ???????? 17 ??? ???? ????? ?????????????? ???????? ?????????????. 1957 ???????? 11 ????? ???
????????????????? ?????????
??????? ??????? ?????????????? ??????????????.
?????????
?????????????? ??????????
??????? ????????, ?????? ?????????????? ????????? ????????????? ??????? ????????????? ???????????
????????????
?????????? ?????????? 13 ??????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?????????. ??????????? ???? ??????????????? ?????? 55 ??????? ??????? ?????????????.
:136
[2]
:244
[3]
????????
[
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]
???????? ???????? ??????? ???? ???????
[
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]
????????? ????????? ??????????? 1897 ?????????? 15,?????
???????????
???????????
?????????? ?????????
:106
:53
[4]
????
???????????
??? ???????? ??????????
????????? ??????
??????????? ????????????? ??? ????????????.
[5]
????? ??????????? ????????????????, ???? ?????? ???????????? ?????????? .
:72
[6]
??????????? ???????????
?????????????
????? ?????????, ????? ???? ????????????? ???????? ???? ???????????????
???????????
????????. ????
??????? ?????????????????
??????????. ????? ????
????????????
??.? ?????? ????????
, ??????? 1929 ???
??????? ?????????????????
???.???.?? ?????? ????????
:101
[7]
:111
1929 ????? 1932 ??? ??????????? ????????? ?????????????? ??????????? ?????????????.
:90
1932 ????? 1937 ???, ???????????
?????????? ????????
??????? ??????? ???????????, ?????? 1937 ??? ???????
??????? ??????????????????
????????????? ????????????. ????? ???? ???? ???????? ??????????????.
:111
[8]
???? ?????????, ????
???????? ??? ???????????
?????????? ????????, ??????? ???????????, ??? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ?????????????? ????????? ????????.
:321
[9]
[10]
???????????
??????????? ????????????? ????????????????????
?????? ???? ????????????
??????????????? 1935 ??? ???????, ???????????
???????? ????
??????????????????????????.
??????? ???????
????????
????? ????????, ??????????? 1935 ??? ???????????????????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ????????? ??????????????? ????????????.
:50
[11]
1937 ????? 1946 ???, ??????????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ???????. ??????? ?????????????????? ???? ????????????????????? ?????????? ??????????? ????? ?? ????????? ????????? ????????.
:90
[12]
?????????? ??????? (1957)
[
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]
???????? ??????? ?????
[
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]
1956 ??,
??????? ????? ????? ?????????????
???? ???????????? ????? ????? ???? ????????? ???????? ??????????? ???????? ?????????????????????. ??????? ???????? ?????, ??????-?-??????? ?????, ?????????? ????? ?????????? ???? ????????.
[13]
?????????????, ???????? ?????????? ???? ???????,
?????? ????
????????????? ???? ???????????? ?????????? ???? ?????????, ?????????????? ??????? ??????????? ????????? ????? ?????????? ????? ???? ?????????? ??????? ???? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ????????.
[7]
???????? 18, 1957 ?????, ??????????? ????? ??????? ???. ?????? ???????? ???????????? ???????? ???????????? .
????? ?????????????? ????? ????????, ?????????? ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ????????? ????????????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??????????????????? ???? ?????????? ??????????? ????????????.
:62
[13]
[14]
?????? ????????? ?????????? ????? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ????? ????????? ????????, ?????????? ???????????? ????? ????????? ???????? ????? ?????????????? ????????????????? ????????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ????????. ??????????? 1957 ???????? 11 ????? ??????????? ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????????????????? ??????? ?????? ?????????.
:62
:62
?????????????? ?????????? ???????? ???????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????????????: 1957 - 17 ???????? ????? 1957 ???????? 11 ??? 55 ??????? ???? ????????????????.
:244
[15]
:136
[16]
?????? ??????? ????????
[
????
]
1958 ??? ???????, ??????????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????????????, ???? ???????? ??? ??????????? ?????????. 1960 ??? ???????, ???????????
??????????????
?????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????????? ????????????? ???????, ???????????? ????????? ????????
???????????
?????????
1960 ???, Chundrigar ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????????????? ??????? ??? ????????? ???? ???????????????
??????
. ?????????????, ???? ????? ?????? ??????????????? ?????? ???????????? ??????? ????????. ????? ????
?????????????????
????
???????????
???????? ?????? ??????????, ????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????????.
????? ???????,
???????????? ????
???????????
???? ?????????? ?????? ????? ????? ???????.
[17]
?????? ?????
[
????
]
???????????
[
????
]
- ↑
His birth name is given as "Ismail Ibrahim Chundrigar".
- ↑
Burki, Shahid Javed
(2015). "§I.I. Chundrigar".
Historical Dictionary of Pakistan
(in ???????? ????????) (1st ed.). New York, U.S.: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 658.
??????????? ?????????? ???
9781442241480
. ????????????? ????
24 January
2018
.
- ↑
Grover, Verinder (1995).
Political System in Pakistan: Role of military dictatorship in Pakistan politics
(in ????????). Deep & Deep. p. 585.
??????????? ?????????? ???
9788171007387
. ????????????? ????
24 January
2018
.
- ↑
Goradia, Prafull (2003).
Muslim League's unfinished agenda
. New Delhi: Contemporary Targett.
??????????? ?????????? ???
9788175253766
.
Jinnah Wanted All Non-Muslims To Migrate To India And All Muslims To Inhabit Pakistan. The Book Is The Story Of This Unfulfilled Dream. While Pakistan Particularly, The Western Wing Went About Ethnic Cleansing, India Failed To Encourage`Hijrat
- ↑
Chundrigar, Ayesha. "The Chundrigar Diaries". Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan: Ayesha Chundrigar at The Friday Times.
- ↑
Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency, Gujarat Population: Musalmans and Parsis, Volume IX page 72 Government Central Press, Bombay
- ↑
7.0
7.1
"Former Prime Minister of Pakistan: Ibrahim Ismail Chundrigar"
.
www.storyofpakistan.com
(in ????????). Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan: Nazaria-i-Pakistan Trust. 1 June 2003
. ????????????? ????
24 January
2018
.
- ↑
Sa??d, A?mad; Institute of Pakistan Historical Research (Lahore, Pakistan) (1997).
Muslim India, 1857-1947: a biographical dictionary
. Institute of Pakistan Historical Research.
?????? ????? ???? ??? ???
246043260
.
- ↑
Rehman, Atta-ur-.
????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????
. ???? ??????????.
- ↑
Chundrigar, Ayesha. "The Chundrigar Diaries". Ayesha Chundrigar at The Friday Times.
- ↑
Newberg, Paula R. (2002). "Constituting the State".
Judging the State: Courts and Constitutional Politics in Pakistan
(in ????????). Cambridge, Uk: Cambridge University Press. p. 255.
??????????? ?????????? ???
9780521894401
. ????????????? ????
24 January
2018
.
- ↑
The Asia Who's who
. Pan-Asia Newspaper Alliance.
- ↑
13.0
13.1
"I. I. Chundrigar Becomes Prime Minister"
.
www.storyofpakistan.com
(in ????????). Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan: Nazaria-i-Pakistan Trust. 1 June 2003
. ????????????? ????
25 January
2018
.
- ↑
Parliamentary Government in Pakistan
(in ????????). New Publishers. 1958
. ????????????? ????
25 January
2018
.
- ↑
Grover, Verinder; Arora, Ranjana (1995).
Political System in Pakistan: Role of military dictatorship in Pakistan politics
(in ????????). Deep & Deep. p. 585.
??????????? ?????????? ???
9788171007387
. ????????????? ????
24 January
2018
.
- ↑
Burki, Shahid Javed (2015).
Historical Dictionary of Pakistan
(in ???????? ????????). Rowman & Littlefield. p. 658.
??????????? ?????????? ???
9781442241480
. ????????????? ????
24 January
2018
.
- ↑
Chundrigar, Ayesha (29 November 2012).
"The Chundrigar Diaries"
(in en-pk).
Ayesha Chundrigar's memoirs
. The Friday Times (Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan: Ayesha Chundrigar at The Friday Times) (24/41)
.
http://www.thefridaytimes.com/beta3/tft/article.php?issue=20121123&page=26
. ??????? ????: 24 January 2018
.
[
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]