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?????? ????? ????????? ( Indian National Congress ; ?????????? ????? ??????? ????????? ????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????. 1885???? ???????????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????????????? ???????. ???????????? ???????????? 15 ????????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ???? ????????? ????? ?????????????? 70 ????????? ???????? ?????????????. 1947-??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????????????. ?????? ???????????? ??????????? ??????? ??????????????? ???????? ????????????.

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1885??? ????? ???????????? ?????? ????? ????????? ????? ?????? ????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????????? ??????????????. ??????? ???? ?????????? ????? ???? ??????????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????. ????? ?????? ??????? , ???????? ?????? , ???? ????????? ?????? , ????????????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???????????? ????????? ???????????? ?????? ????? ????????? ????????? ????? ???????, ????????? 1885 ?????????? ????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????????????????????. ????? 72 ????????????? ?????? ???????????. ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????????, ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????????????.

???? ???????? ??????? 1886 ???????? 27-?? ??????????. ????? 436 ???? ?????? ????????. ???? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????????????????. ?????? ??????????? "Indian National Congress" ????? ????? ?????????????. ???? ?????????? ????????????? ??????????? "Indian National Union" ???????????? ??????????????.

????????? ?????? ?????????? 1887 ???????? 27-?? ??????????.

??????????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????? ??????, ???????? ??????????????? ??????? ????? ??????????. 1907 -?? ??????????? ?????????????????, ??????????????? ?? 2 ????????? ????????. ????????????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???????????, ??????????????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????????? ?????????. ?????????? ???????? ???????????? ????????? ??????????? ????? ???????????? ?????? ???????? ??????????. ?????????????? ?????? ?????????????? ?????? ??????????.

?????? ??????????????? ?????????? ??????????? ??? ??????? ?????? , ????? ??????? ????? , ???? ????? ???? , ?????? ?????? ???? , ?????? ??? ?????? , ???????? ?????? , ?. ?. ????????? ?????? ????? ????????? ????????? ????? ????????????. ??????????? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ????? ???????. ???? ??????????? ??????? ??? ????????? ?????? ????? ??????????????????. ????? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ????? "The Saftey Wall Theory"-???? ????????. ???? ??? ????????????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ??????????? "???? ???? ???? ?????? ????????? ????????? ???????????? ????? ??????????.

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?????? 1915 ?? ???? ????????????????????? ??????? ????????????. ???????????????????? ????????????? ?????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????????? ????? ????????????? ?????????????. ?????? ????????????? ????? ?????? ??????????????? ????????????????????. ????????????? ???????????? ??????? ??????????? ????????????? ??????????. ????????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ????????????? ????? ?????????. ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??????????. ????????? 1917??? ??????? ???????????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ????????????? ??????????.

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  • ??? ????????? ?????? ????????? (?????????? ?? ??? ????????????) ?????? ???? ?????????????? ???????? ???????? ???????????? ?????????? ?????????? ????????? ??? ?????????? ????????????. [7] [8]
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  • ????? ????????????? ???? ????? 1979?? ??????? ???????????. ????? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ???????????.
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2 ????????? ??????????? (?????) ????? (135) 20 ?? 2023 135/224 13 ?? 2028
3 ?????????? ??????? ??????? ?????? (?????) ????? (64) ????? (1) 7 ???????? 2023 65/119 3 ???????? 2028

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????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ????????????? ?????????
1 ????????? ????? ?????? ??????????? ????? (1947?1971) (24???????)
2 ?????? ???????????? ??????????? ????? (1964?1996) (32???????)
3 ?????? ????????? (1969?1977) (8???????)
4 ???? ????? (1977?1988) (11???????)
5 ???? ???? (1988?1996) (8???????)
6 ?????? ???? ????? (1996?????? ???)

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??????????? 54 ?????????? ???? ????? ???? ????????? ????????? ??????? 7 ?????????? ?????????????.
????? ??? ??????? ???????????? ????? ??????? ????????
1 ????????? ???? 1947 ????? 1964 ????? 1947 ???????? ??????????? ????? ???????? ?????? 1951 , 1957 , 1962 ?????????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??????????????? ???? 17???????
2 ???????????? ????? 1965 ?? ??????? ????, ???????? ????? 11, 1966 ????? ????? 24, 1966 ????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??????????????? ???? 26????????
3 ???? ?????? ???????? ???? 9, 1964 ????? ????? 11, 1966 ????? ???????? ??????? ??????????????? ???? 2???????
4 ??????? ?????? ????? 24, 1966 ????? ?????? 24, 1977 ????? ???????? ????? 14, 1980 ? ???????? 31, 1984 1966 ????????? ?????????????? ?????? ?????? 1967 , 1971 , 1980 ?????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ??????????????? ???? 15???????
5 ?????? ?????? ???????? 31, 1984 ????? ???????? 2, 1989 ????? 1984 ?????????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??????????????? ???? 5???????
6 ??. ??. ??????? ???? ???? 21 1991 ????? ?? 16 1996 ????? 1991 ?????????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ????????????????? ????????? ???? ????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ???? 5???????
7 ???????? ???? 22 ?? 2004 ????? 25 ?? 2014 ????? 2004 , 2009 ?????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ????????????????? ????????? ( ?????? ???????????? ??????? ) ????????? ????? ????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ????? ????????? ??? ????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ???? 10???????

????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? [ ???? ]

????????? ????? ???????? 7 ?????????? 54 ???????? ???? ????? ????????? ??????? ??????? 3 ???????? ??????? 4 ???????????? ???????? ????????????? ??? 1 ???????????? ???????? 4 ?????? ???????????. ????????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? 58 ????????? ????????? ??????????.
????? ??? ????? ????????? ????? ????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ????????
1 ????????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????????? ???? ????? ????????? ?????+ ????? +??? ????? ???????? ???? ???? (1979?1980) 1???????
2 ??????? ?????? ????????? ???? ????? ????????? ?????+ ???? +??? ????? ???????? ??????????? (1990?1991) 1???????
3 ???????? ?????/ ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ( ?????? ??????? ) ?????????? ????????? ?????+ ????? + ??????? +??? ????? ???????? ??? ????? (1996?1997) 1???????
4 ?. ??. ???????? (1997?1998) 1???????

(?????? ???? ?????????? ???? 4 ???????????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ????????????????????? ?????????, ???? , ????? , ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????????? ????? ???????????? ??????????????????? ?????????? ????)

??????????? [ ???? ]

  1. ↑ "Indian National Congress - Policy and structure" . ?????????????? ?????????????? . ????????????? ???? 17 November 2014 .
  2. ↑ "India General (Lok Sabha) Election 2014 Results" . mapsofindia.com .
  3. ↑ "Election Results India, General Elections Results, Lok Sabha Polls Results India ? IBNLive" . in.com . Archived from the original on 20 April 2015 . ????????????? ???? 16 ??????? 2020 . {{ cite web }} : Unknown parameter |= ignored ( help )
  4. ↑ "List of Political Parties and Election Symbols main Notification Dated 18.01.2013" (PDF) . India: Election Commission of India. 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 ???????? 2013 . ????????????? ???? 9 May 2013 .
  5. ↑ "Lok Sabha Official Website" . 2014-09-09. Archived from the original on 2015-10-18 . ????????????? ???? 2014-09-09 .
  6. ↑ "Rajya Sabha Official Website" . 2014-09-09. Archived from the original on 2017-02-20 . ????????????? ???? 2014-09-09 .
  7. ↑ 320 Million Judges By G.G. Mirchandani ?????? 45
  8. ↑ President Shankar Dayal Sharma, the scholar and the statesman ?????? 80
  9. ↑ Indira: the life of Indira Nehru Gandhi - ?????? 425 [ ??????????? ??????? ]

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