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???????? ???? ????????: 12?22 ????????? (1999) [2]  ( date missing )
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????? ???? ???????? ( ???????? ???? ???????? ???? ) ?????????????? ??????????????. ???????? ?????????????? , 33 ??????????????? ???????????. ??? ???? ?????????? ??????? ????? ??????????????.

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  1. 25????????? "non-Urdu ??????? " and 400 million Hindi languages per 2001 Indian census data, plus 11 million Urdu in 1993 Pakistan, adjusted to population growth till 2008
  2. non-native speakers of Standard Hindi, and Standard Hindi plus Urdu, according to SIL Ethnologue.
  3. Dhanesh Jain (2003). ??????-?????? . Routledge. p. 251. ??????????? ?????????? ???   9780700711307 . {{ cite book }} : Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored ( help )
  4. ?????? ?????? ??????????? ???????????, ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????????????? ???????????????????. Source: Central Hindi Directorate: Introduction ????????????? 2010-04-15 at the ??????? ?????????
  5. "????? ????? ?????" . Archived from the original on 2006-11-07 . ????????????? ???? 2005-07-10 .
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  7. Hindi (2005). ???? ??????? [in ????????] (ed.). ???? ??????? ??????????? ?????????????? (2 ed.). Elsevier. ??????????? ?????????? ??? 0-08-044299-4 . {{ cite book }} : Invalid |ref=harv ( help )

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