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??????? ( 1852-12-19 ) ???????? 19, 1852
Strzelno , Kingdom of Prussia
?????? ?? 9, 1931 ( 1931-05-09 ) (???? 78)
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????????? ?????????????? ????? ????? (1907)
?????? ??????? (1907)
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???????? ???????? ?????????? ( Albert Abraham Michelson , ???????? 19,1852 ? ?? 9, 1931): ???????? ???????????? . ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ????????. ??????? ????????? ???????????? ????????????. '???????????-?????? ?????' ???? ??? ???????? ????? ??????? ???????????? ???????? ?????????????. 1907 ??? ????? ?????????? ??????? ????????????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????????????. [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] ???? ????? ????????????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?????????? ???? ?????????? ????????. [7]

???? [ ???? ]

???????? ?????????? 1852 ??? ????? ???????? 19 ??? ???? ??????? ????????, ??????????? ???? '??????????' ???? ????? ??? ????? ????????????? ?????????. [8] ????? ????? ???????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ?????.. ?????? ???????. ???? ?????? ?????? ?????????????? ????? 1855-?? ????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ????????????? ???????????. ??????? ?????????? , ????????? , ????? ??????? ???? ???????????? ????? ?? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ???????????????. ???? ????? ????????????? ????????????????? ??? ??????? ????? ??????????????????? (agnostic)?????????. [9] ???? ???????????????? ??????? ????? ???????? ???????????? ???? ???????? ?????????????? ????? ????????????. ???????????????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ?????????. 1899-?? '????? ?????????' ???? ??????? ?????? ????????. ?????????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????????.

??? [ ???? ]

1869-?? ?????????? ????????? ?????????? ??????????????? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? '??????? ??? ????????' ????????? ?????????????????. [10] ????? 4 ???????? ??? ??????? ????, ???? ???????? ????????? ???????? ???????, ????????? ??????????, ???????? , ?????????? , ??????? ???? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????. 1873-?? ????????????? ?????????? ?????? ????????. ??????? 1875 ????? 1977 ??? ????????? ??????? ??????? ????????????? ?????????????. [11] 1875-?? '????????????' ??????? ???????? ???????????? ?????? ????????????? ???? ????????? ????????? ???????????? ?????????????????. 1880-82-??? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????????????? ?????????????? ???????????? , ?????????? ???????? ????????? ????????????? ????????????. [12] [13]

1889-?? ???????? ????????????????? ?????????????? ?????????????. 1892-?? ??????? ?????????????? ?????? ???????????????? ???????????? ????????????????. ??????????? ????????? ?????????????? ????????? ???????? ????? ????????? ?????????????????????? ???? ????? ?????????????. [14]

???????? [ ???? ]

1877-?? '??????????' ???? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ????? ????????? ????????????????????? ???? ??? ???????? ??????? ????????? ????????????? ????????? ????????????. 1867-?? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??????????? '????????? ??????' ????????????? ???? ??????? ???????????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ?????????. ????? ?????????? 1887-?? ??????? ?? ?????????? ?????????? ?? ?????????? ??? ????? ????????? ?????????????? ??????????? ??? ??????????????? ????????? ???????? ????????????? ?????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ?????????????. ???????????? ?? ????????????? ???????????? ??? ??????????? ????? , ???? , ???????? ?????????????? ????????? ??? ???????????? ???? ????? ?????????.

??????????-?????? ???????? [ ???? ]

????????? ???????: ??????????-?????? ????????

???? ?????? ????????? ???? ???? ???????? ????????? ???? ???? ??????????? ???????? ????? ????????????? ??????????????? ????????. ???? ???????????? ??? ????????? ???????????? ???????. ??????????, ?????? ????????? ??????? L ?????? ????? ????? ????????? ????????, ??? ???????? ???????? ??????????? ????????? ????????????. ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????????. ???? ???? ????? ??????????????? ???????? ???????? ?????????????????? ??????????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ????????????? ???????? ??????????? ???????? ??? ???????? ???????????????,. ????? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ????????? ????????????? ???????????. ??????? ??????????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?????????? ????? ????? ????????????. ???? ????? "??????????-?????? ?????" ????? ????? ???????. [15] [16] [17] .

??????? ???? ????? [ ???? ]

????????????? ???????? ?? ??????????????? ??????? ????????????? ??????????? ?????????????????. ????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ??????????. ???????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ????????????? ???????????? ??????????? 1878-?? ??????????????.

???????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????????. 1920-?? ??????? , ???? ????????? ???? 22 ?????????????????? ??? ??????????? ?????????????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ??????????????? ??? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ???????????? ????????????.( 299,940 km/s, or 186,380 mi/s) [15] ??????? ???????????? ???????? ???????? ????? ???????? ???? ???????? ????????? ????????????????. [18]

?????????? [ ???? ]

A monument at United States Naval Academy marks the path of Michelson's experiments measuring the speed of light.
Albert Michelson while serving in the U.S. Navy . He rejoined the U.S. Navy in World War I [19] , when this portrait was taken.
  • 1900 ??? ??????? ???????? ?????????????? ??????? ?????????????????.
  • 1904-?? ??????? ?????????? ???????????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ?????????????.
  • 1907-?? ?????????? ??????? ?????????????, ???????? ????? ????? ?????????????. ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????????? ???? ???????????. [19]
  • 1907-?? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????????????.
  • ????? ??????????? ???? ????????????? ???????? ??????????.
  • 1910-11 ?? ???????? ?????????????????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ????????????????.
  • 1918 ??? ?????? ????????????. ??????????? ????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??????? 1023-27 ??? ?????????????.
  • 1912-?? ???????????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????????????
  • 1916-?? ????? ???????? ????? , ????????? ????????? ?????????. [20]
  • 1923-?? ????? ????????? ????? , ?????? ????????? ?????????.
  • 1929-?? ????????? ????? ????????? ????????????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ??????.
  • ????? ???????????? ????????? ??????? ???????????, ?????? ????? ????????? ??????????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ?? ??????????? ??????????????? ???????? ???????????? ???????? ???????? ?????????.
  • 1925-?? ?????????? ?????????????? ?? ???????????????? ?????????????. ???????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ??????????? ????????????????. ??? ????, ????????? ??????? ??? ????????? ???? ???????????????? ?????????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ?????????.
  • ???????????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ????????????????? ??????? ?? ???????? ????????? ??????? ????????????????. [21] [22]

???????????? [ ???? ]

1929-?? ????????? ????????????????? ????? ??????? ???? ???????? ???????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ????????????. [18] 1931-??? ????? ?? 9-??? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????????.

???????? [ ???? ]

???????? ???, ???????? 2010. ??? 31-33.

??????????? [ ???? ]

  1. ↑ http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1907/michelson-bio.html
  2. ↑ name=Shalev2002p61
  3. ↑ name=Feuer1995p402
  4. ↑ name=EncSciRel493
  5. ↑ name=scicoilph
  6. ↑ "Jewish Laureates of Nobel Prize in Physics" . Israel Science and Technology Directory.
  7. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1907" . Nobel Foundation . ????????????? ???? 2008-10-09 .
  8. ↑ "???????????????????? ????" . Archived from the original on 2012-07-16 . ????????????? ???? 2012-06-02 .
  9. ↑ Łodzkie Towarzystwo Naukowe (2003). Serie, Recherches sur les deformations, Volumes 39-42 . Societe des sciences et des lettres de Łod?. p. 162. Michelson's biographers stress, that our hero was not conspicuous by religiousness. His father was a free-thinker and Michelson grew up in non-religious family and have no opportunity to acknowledge the believe of his forebears. He was agnostic through his whole life and only for the short period he was a member of the 21st lodge in Washington. {{ cite book }} : |access-date= requires |url= ( help )
  10. ↑ http://www.usna.edu/LibExhibits/collections/michelson/
  11. ↑ http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002JAHH....5..165S
  12. ↑ "???????????????????? ????" . Archived from the original on 2011-06-06 . ????????????? ???? 2012-06-02 .
  13. ↑ http://eprints.jcu.edu.au/4957/1/4957_Shankland%26Orchiston_2002.pdf
  14. ↑ "???????????????????? ????" . Archived from the original on 2018-04-20 . ????????????? ???? 2012-06-02 .
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 http://www.raman-scattering.eu/raman/texts/009_menu_vitesse.php
  16. ↑ http://www.opticsinfobase.org/on/abstract.cfm?uri=on-4-4-14
  17. ↑ http://sas.uwaterloo.ca/~rwoldfor/papers/sci-method/paperrev/node6.html
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 Garner, C. L., Captain (retired) (April 1949). "A Geodetic Measurement of Unusually High Accuracy" (PDF) . U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Journal . Coast and Geodetic Survey. pp. 68?74 . ????????????? ???? August 13, 2009 . {{ cite web }} : CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link )
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1907/michelson.html?print=1
  20. ↑ "Henry Draper Medal" . National Academy of Sciences . ????????????? ???? February 19, 2011 .
  21. ↑ Note that while Einstein's 1905 paper On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies appears to reference the experiment on first glance?"together with the unsuccessful attempts to discover any motion of the earth relatively to the 'light medium,' suggest that the phenomena of electrodynamics as well as of mechanics possess no properties corresponding to the idea of absolute rest"?it has been shown that Einstein was referring to a different category of experiments here.
  22. ↑ Holton, Gerald, "Einstein, Michelson, and the 'Crucial' Experiment", Isis , Vol. 60, No. 2 (Summer, 1969), pp. 133?197

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