??????????? ??????

??????????? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ????????????? ?????????? ??? ????????? ?????? ?????. ????????? ?????? ??????? ???????????????? ???, ??.?? 550 ?????? ???????? ??????????????? ??????? ?????????????? ????????????. ??? ???????? ???????? ?????????????? (Achaemenid) ???? ????????? ?????????. ?????????? ??? ???????????? ???????? ?????????????? ??? ???????? ????????? ???? ???????????? , ?????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????? ???????????. ???? ???? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ???????????????? ?????????????????. ???????????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????????. ???????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ???????????? ????????? ?????. ^[1]^[2]^[3]

???????????? ??????? ???? ?????????? ?????????????? ???????????? ???????????? ????????? ????????? ???????????? ????? ????????????? ?????????????? ???????. ?????????? ??????? ???? ???????? ????????? ???? ?????? ????????. ??.?? ????? ???????????? ???? ?????? ???? ????????????? ???????????????. ??? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ?????????? ??.?? 550 ?????? ??????????. 120 ???????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??????????????? ???????????? ??????????? ????? ???? ??????????? ??????????? ???????????? ?????????????.

?????? ??? ??????????

???????? ????? ??????? | ?????????? ?????? ??????? | ????????????? ?????? ???? | ??????????? ?????? | ???????????? ????????? | ???????? ??????? | ??????????????????? ??????? ????????

37°56′59″N 27°21′50″E / 37.94972°N 27.36389°E / 37.94972; 27.36389

??????????? [ ???? ]

↑ John Freely, The Western Shores of Turkey: Discovering the Aegean and Mediterranean Coasts 2004, p. 148; Clive Foss, Ephesus after antiquity: a late antique, Byzantine, and Turkish city , Cambridge University Press, 1979, pp. 86?89 & footnote 83.
↑ Antipater, Greek Anthology IX.58.
↑ Pausanias, Description of Greece 7.2.6?8.

[1] John Freely, The Western Shores of Turkey: Discovering the Aegean and Mediterranean Coasts 2004, p. 148; Clive Foss, Ephesus after antiquity: a late antique, Byzantine, and Turkish city , Cambridge University Press, 1979, pp. 86?89 & footnote 83.

[2] Antipater, Greek Anthology IX.58.

[3] Pausanias, Description of Greece 7.2.6?8.

[1]

[2]

[3]