????? ????? ??????

????? ????? ??????
Annie Jump Cannon
????? ????? ?????? ; Annie Jump Cannon
	1922 ??? ????? ????? ??????
???????	???????? 11, 1863 ; ?????
??????	?????? 13, 1941 (???? 77) ; ??????????, ???????????
???????	??????????
????????????	???????? ?????????
??????? ; ????????????	???? ?????????? ??????????, ???????? ??????????
?????????	????? ????????? ?????? (1931)

????? ????? ?????? ( Annie Jump Cannon ), (???????? 11, 1863 ? ???????? 13, 1941) ??? ???????? ?????????? ?????. ????? ???????? ???????????? ?????? ???????? ??????????????? ???????????. ?????? ????????? ??. ?????????????? ??????? ????????? ????????????? ??????? ????? ???????????????? ????? ????? ????????????? ??????????? ?????? ????????????. ???? ??? ???????? ????????? ??????????????? ?????????.

????? ???????? [ ???? ]

????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ??????? 1863 ???????? 11??? ?????????. ???? ???????????????? ???? ???? ????????????? ??????? ?????? ????????????? ????? ???????? ???????? ???? ????????????? ???????????? ?????????. ^[2] ??????? ????? ???????? ???????? ??????????????????? ???????????????????. ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?????????????? ????????? ?????????????? ?????? ?????????????. ????? ????? ??????, ?????????, ???????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????? ???????????????????. ^[3] ?????? ?????? ????????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ????????? ?????????. ???? ????????????? ?????? ????????????? ?????????????? ?????????????? ???????????????. ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????????????. ^[4] ????????????? ??? ??????????????? ???????????? ?????????????. ^[5] ?????????????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??? ???????????. ???? ???? ??? ?????????? ????????????????. ???? ???????? ?????????????????. ???? ?????????? ???????????? ????????. ^[6]

????? [ ???? ]

??????? ????????? ??????? ????? ????????????? ??????????? ???????????? ????????????????, ?????? ??? ?????? ????????? ?????????. ???????????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ??????????????. ???? 1880??? ?????????????? ???? ???????????? ??????????? ????????? ?????????????????????. ??? ??????????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????????. ????? ???? ??????????? ????????? ???????. ^[7]

???? ??????? ???????????? ???? ????? ??? ?????????????? ??????? ???? ?????????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ???????. ???????????? ??????????? ????? ????????????. ???? 1884??? ??????????? ?????? ????????. ????? ???????????????? ???????? ????? ???????????????. ^[7] ?????????, ???????????? ??????? ???? ????????????? ???????????? ??? ?????????.

?????? ??????????? ???? ???????????????? ???? ??????? ???????????. 1892??? ??????? ????????? ?????? ??? ???????????? ????????? ???????????? ?????????????. ???? ???????????? ????????????? ????? ????????? ??????? ’’?????????? ??????? ?????????’’ ???? ????????? ?????? ??????????? ??????????????????. ??? ??????? ?????????? 1893??? ????? ???????? ?????????????? ???????????? ???????????????. ^[8]

???????? ???? ????????????? ????? ???? ??????????????????. ^[5] ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ????????? ????????. ???? ???? ??? ??????????????? ?????????? ?????????????. ???? ???????? ?????? ???????????. ^[6]

???????? ?????? 1894??? ??????????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????????. ???? ???????????? ??????????? ???? ???????? ??????????? ??????????? ???? ?????????? ?????????????? ????? ???? ??????????????? ???????? ?????? ?????????. ???????? ?????? ??? ???????????? ????????? ?????????? ????????. ??? ?????????????? ??????????? ????????? ???? ??????????????. ???????????? ?????? ?????????????? ??????????? ??????????. ^[7]

??????? ????????? ????????????, ???????? ???????????? ????, ’’??????? ???????’’ ???????????? ??????????? ??????????. ^[9] ???????????? ??????????? ?????????????? ????????????????????. ??????????? ????????? ?????????????? ????? ???????????? ??????????? ???????? ??????????? ???????? ????????. ?????? ???? ????????? ??????? ???????????? ???????? ??????????. ?????? 1896??? ????????? ??. ?????????? ???? ?????????????? ???????? ??? ?????????? ??????????????????. ?????? 1907 ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????????????? ????????? ?????? ????????. ^[5]

??????????????? [ ???? ]

?????? 1896??? "?????????????? ????" ?????????? ?????. ^[11] ??? ?????? ???? ????????? ????? ??? 9 ????? ??????? ???????????? ???????????? ??????? ????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ???????, ????????? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ??. ?????????? ?????????? ??????????????? ?????????.

???????????? ????????? ????????????? ????? ????????? ????? ???????????? ????? ????? ???? ????????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????????????. ????? ??????????? ?????? ???????????? ???????? ?????????, ??????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????????????? ???????. ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????????????????. ^[9] ?????????? ???? ????? ??? ????????? ??????????? ?????????????. ?????????????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????????????? ????????????? ???????????????? ???????? ??????????????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???????????? ??????????? ???????????? ?????? (Index) ????????????. ????? ????????? ???????? ?????. ?????? ?????? ?????????? ??????????? ????????????????.

????????? ???????????? ???????? ??? ????????????????? ??????????? ??????????????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????. ??????? ?????? ????? ????????????? ???????????. ????? ??? ?????????????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????????????? ?????????. ???? ?????? ????? ??????????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ???????????. ???? ???????? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ????????????. ???? ????????? ???????????????????? ??????????? ???????? ^[11] ??????? ???? ???????? ?????? ????????????. ^[7] ?????? ???????????? ??????? ??????????????? ??????????? ???? ???????? ??????????? ???? ???????????. ????????? ???? ??? ???????? ????????? ???????????????. ??????????? ???? ??????????? O, B, A, F, G, K, M ????? ?????????? ??????? ????????????? ?????????????. ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?????????. ??????? ?????????????? ??????? ???????? ????????????????? ????? ????????? ???????, ?????? ???????? ????????????? ????????, ????????? ??????????????. ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ?????? ???????????, "Oh Be a Fine Girl, Kiss Me" ???? ???????? ?????????????. ^[7] ?????? ???? ????? ????????? ????????????? 1901??? ????????????.

?????? ????????????????? ??????? ’’?????? ????’’ ???? ??????????? ??????? ?????????? ???????. ??????????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ????????. ?????? ??????????? ????????? ???????????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ??????? 25 ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????????. ^[5] ????? ?????? ??????????? ???? ????????? ???????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????. ???, ???? ???????? ????????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???? ???????? ???????????. ???? ???? ???????????????? ???????? ??????? ??? ???????????? ?????? ??????????????????? ???? ?????????. ???? ?? ??????????? ?????????????? ?????????. ?????? 1933??? ?????????? ????? ??? ???????? ???????????? ???????????? ?????????? ???????? ????????. ^[12]

???????? ????????????? ???????? ????????? ???????????? ?????. ???? ???? ?????? ??? ????????? ????????? ???????? ?????? 500,000 ??????????? ????????????????. ?????? ???? 300 ????????? ??????????????? ????? ???? ???????????????? , ??? ?????????? ???? ???????????? ???????????????. ?????? 200,000 ??????????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?????????????. ^[13] ???????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????????? ??? ??????????????? ??????????????????????. ??????????????????? ??????????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ??? 16 ?????? ??????, ?????? ???????? 9 ???????? ??????, ????????????? ??? ?????????? ??????????????????. ^[5]

????????? ??????? ???????? 1922 ?? 9 ??? ???????? ???????? ??????????? ?????? ??? ??? ????????????? ???????????? ????????? ?????????????. ??? ??????? ??? ???????? ??????????????? ????????????????????. ^[9]

?????? ??? ????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????? ???????????? ?????????????? ?????? ?? ??????????. ^[14]

??????? ???????? ???????? [ ???? ]

????? 1940??? ???? ????? ????????? ????????? 40 ???????? ?????????????. ???????????? ???????? ???????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ???????????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????????. ????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ??????????????? ????????.

?????? 1941 ???????? 13??? 77??? ???????? ????????, ?????????????? ?????? ?????????.. ^[13] ????????? ?????? ??????????? ?????????????????? ???????? ??????? ????? ????????????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????????.

??????????? ?????????? [ ???? ]

1925, ??????????? ????????????????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????????????
1935, ??????????????? ????????????????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????????
1929, ??????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ’’ ?????? ???????? ???????????? ????? ?????? ??????’’ ???? ??????????????????.
1932, ???????? ????????????? ??????????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ???????????? ??????? ????????.
???????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ??????????????????? ????? ???????
???????? ???? ??? ???????????? ?????? ???????????? ????????????.
?????????? 1120 ???????? ???? ??????? ?????????????.
??? ?????? ???? ???????? ??? ???????? ????????????, 3,00,000 ??????????? ??????????????????? ’’?????????? ??????????????’’ ???? ??????????????????????????.
????? ??????? ????????????? 1934 ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ???? ?????????? ?????????? ???????????????.
???? ??????? ???????? ????????????????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????????????????.
????????? ???????? ???????????? ????????? ????.
1931, ????? ????????? ??????????? ????????.
???? ?????????? ???????? ??????????.
???????????? ??????????? ?? ????? ????? ????????? ????? ??????????.
1929, ???????? ???????? (Scientific American)]] ?????? ??????????? ???????????? ?????????
????? ??????? ????????? ????? ??????????
?????????????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ???????? ???????? ?????????????????? ???? ??? ???? ’’??????? ????? ????? ??????’’ ???? ?? ????????????????. ????? ??? ?????????????????? INAOE ????????????.
???? ?????????? ???? ?????? ????]] ????? ??? ???????? ????????????? ??????????????????? ?????????? ??????..

???????? [ ???? ]

- Available in an "updated, corrected, and extended machine-readable version" at "Henry Draper Catalogue and Extension (Cannon+ 1918-1924; ADC 1989)" . VizieR archives . Strasbourg, France: Centre de donnees astronomiques de Strasbourg [Strasbourg Astronomical Data Center] . ????????????? ???? 2015-01-08 . {{ cite web }}: External link in |website= ( help )
- Online from Harvard University at "The SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System" . ; abstracts link to GIF and ??.??.??? formats.

"The Henry Draper catalogue 0h, 1h, 2h, and 3h" .

"The Henry Draper catalogue : 4h, 5h and 6h" .

{{cite web |volume=Vol. 93 |url= http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1919AnHar..93....1C |title=The Henry Draper catalogue : 7h and 8h})

"The Henry Draper catalogue : 9h, 10h, and 11h" .

"The Henry Draper catalogue : 12h, 13h, and 14h" .

"The Henry Draper catalogue : 15h and 16h" .

"The Henry Draper catalogue : 17h and 18h" .

"The Henry Draper catalogue : 19h and 20h" .

"The Henry Draper catalogue : 21h, 22h, and 23h" .

Cannon, Annie Jump (1923). "The spectrum of Nova Aquilae" . Annals of the Astronomical Observatory of Harvard College (Cambridge, MA, USA: Harvard College Observatory) v. 81 (3). ?????? ????? ???? ????? : 786374390 . http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:FHCL:2561712 .
Cannon, Annie Jump (1916). "Spectra having bright lines" . Annals of the Astronomical Observatory of Harvard College (Cambridge, MA, USA: Harvard College Observatory) v. 76 (3). ?????? ????? ???? ????? : 786374401 . http://pds.lib.harvard.edu/pds/view/12044514 .
Cannon, Annie Jump (1912). "Comparison of objective prism and slit spectrograms" . Annals of the Astronomical Observatory of Harvard College (Cambridge, MA, USA: Harvard College Observatory) v. 56 (8). ?????? ????? ???? ????? : 786374385 . http://pds.lib.harvard.edu/pds/view/12044512 .
Cannon, Annie Jump (1912). "The spectra of 745 double stars" . Annals of the Astronomical Observatory of Harvard College (Cambridge, MA, USA: Harvard College Observatory) v. 56 (7). ?????? ????? ???? ????? : 786374368 . http://pds.lib.harvard.edu/pds/view/12044511 .
Cannon, Annie Jump (1912). "Classification of 1,688 southern stars by means of their spectra" . Annals of the Astronomical Observatory of Harvard College (Cambridge, MA, USA: Harvard College Observatory) v. 56 (5). ?????? ????? ???? ????? : 786363259 . http://pds.lib.harvard.edu/pds/view/9020350 .
Cannon, Annie Jump (1912). "Classification of 1,477 stars by means of their photographic spectra" . Annals of the Astronomical Observatory of Harvard College (Cambridge, MA, USA: Harvard College Observatory) v. 56 (4). ?????? ????? ???? ????? : 786374355 . http://pds.lib.harvard.edu/pds/view/12044510 .
Cannon, Annie Jump; Pickering, Edward Charles (1909). "Maxima and minima of variable stars of long period" . Annals of the Astronomical Observatory of Harvard College (Cambridge, MA, USA: Harvard College Observatory) v. 55 (pt. 2). ?????? ????? ???? ????? : 786370272 . http://pds.lib.harvard.edu/pds/view/11106054 .
Cannon, Annie Jump; Pickering, Edward Charles (1907). "Second catalogue of variable stars" . Annals of the Astronomical Observatory of Harvard College (Cambridge, MA, USA: Harvard College Observatory) v. 55 (pt. 1). ?????? ????? ???? ????? : 603459862 . http://pds.lib.harvard.edu/pds/view/11106053 .
Cannon, Annie Jump (1903). "A provisional catalogue of variable stars" . Annals of the Astronomical Observatory of Harvard College (Cambridge, MA, USA: Harvard College Observatory) v. 48 (3). ?????? ????? ???? ????? : 786370792 . http://pds.lib.harvard.edu/pds/view/11184379 .
Cannon, Annie Jump; Pickering, Edward Charles (1901). "Spectra of bright southern stars photographed with the 13-inch Boyden telescope as a part of the Henry Draper Memorial" . Annals of the Astronomical Observatory of Harvard College (Cambridge, MA, USA: Harvard College Observatory) v. 28 (pt. 2). ?????? ????? ???? ????? : 786363059 . http://pds.lib.harvard.edu/pds/view/9039122 .

??????????? [ ???? ]

↑ Reynolds, p. 18
↑ Mack, p. 91
↑ Jardins, p. 89
↑ An Astronomer Who Measured The Stars By Doug West
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 ^5.4 "Annie Cannon" . She is an Astronomer . 2014 . ????????????? ???? February 18, 2014 .
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 Jardins, p. 102
↑ ^7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 ^7.3 ^7.4 Mack, p. 99
↑ Hennessey, Logan (23 ???? 2006). "Annie Jump Cannon (1863-1941) - Early life" . Wellesley College . ????????????? ???? 1 ?????? 2014 . {{ cite web }}: Check date values in: |accessdate= ( help )
↑ ^9.0 ^9.1 ^9.2 Dvorak
↑ "Annie Jump Cannon (1863-1941), sitting at desk" . Smithsonian Institution Archives . Smithsonian Institution . ????????????? ???? 11 July 2013 .
↑ ^11.0 ^11.1 Shteynberg, Catherine. "Pickering's Women" . Smithsonian Institution Archives . Smithsonian Institution . ????????????? ???? 8 May 2009 .
↑ Des Jardins, p. 95
↑ ^13.0 ^13.1 " Annie Jump Cannon. ".. (2004). Encyclopedia.com. ???????????? 1 April 2014. .
↑ Greenstein, George. "The ladies of Observatory Hill". The American Scholar 62 (3): 437–446.

????? ????????? [ ???? ]

Des Jardins, Julie (2010). The Madame Curie Complex--The Hidden History of Women in Science . New York, NY: Feminist Press. ??????????? ?????????? ??? 9781558616554 .
Dvorak, John (August 1, 2013). "The Women Who Created Modern Astronomy". Sky and Telescope 126 (2): 28?33.
Mack, Pamela (1990). "Straying from their orbits: Women in astronomy in America". In G. Kass-Simon, P. Farnes, and D. Nash (ed.). Women of Science: Righting the Record . Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. p. 91. ??????????? ?????????? ??? 9780253208132 . ????????????? ???? 1 April 2014 . {{ cite book }}: CS1 maint: multiple names: editors list ( link )
Reynolds, Moira Davison (2004). American Women Scientists: 23 Inspiring Biographies, 1900-2000 . McFarland. ??????????? ?????????? ??? 9780786421619 .

???? ?????????? [ ???? ]

Annie Jump Cannon audio talk with colleagues from 365DaysOfAstronomy.Org
Wellesley College Astronomy Department: Annie Jump Cannon from Wellesley College
Bibliography from the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
Annie Jump Cannon: Theorist of Star Spectra ????????????? 2015-09-04 at the ??????? ????????? , from the San Diego Supercomputer Center
"In the footsteps of Columbus" by Annie Jump Cannon (souvenir photo book handed out at the 1893 Worlds Fair by the Blair Camera Company)
Google Doodle celebrating Annie Jump Cannon's 151st Birthday

[1] Reynolds, p. 18

[2] Mack, p. 91

[3] Jardins, p. 89

[4] An Astronomer Who Measured The Stars By Doug West

[IAU-5] 5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 ^5.4 "Annie Cannon" . She is an Astronomer . 2014 . ????????????? ???? February 18, 2014 .

[Jardins,_p._102-6] 6.0 ^6.1 Jardins, p. 102

[Mack,_p._99-7] 7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 ^7.3 ^7.4 Mack, p. 99

[8] Hennessey, Logan (23 ???? 2006). "Annie Jump Cannon (1863-1941) - Early life" . Wellesley College . ????????????? ???? 1 ?????? 2014 . {{ cite web }}: Check date values in: |accessdate= ( help )

[Dvorak-9] 9.0 ^9.1 ^9.2 Dvorak

[10] "Annie Jump Cannon (1863-1941), sitting at desk" . Smithsonian Institution Archives . Smithsonian Institution . ????????????? ???? 11 July 2013 .

[SIAblog-11] 11.0 ^11.1 Shteynberg, Catherine. "Pickering's Women" . Smithsonian Institution Archives . Smithsonian Institution . ????????????? ???? 8 May 2009 .

[12] Des Jardins, p. 95

[encyclopedia-13] 13.0 ^13.1 " Annie Jump Cannon. ".. (2004). Encyclopedia.com. ???????????? 1 April 2014. .

[14] Greenstein, George. "The ladies of Observatory Hill". The American Scholar 62 (3): 437–446.

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