?????????

????????? ?????? ???????? ?????, ??? ??????? ?????????? ????????????????? ?????? ????? ?????????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????. ??? ?????? ????? ?????????????? ?????? ??????? , ??????? ????? ????????? ????????????? ????? ????????? ????? ??????. ??? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ????????????????? ?????????? ????????? ????? ?????? ?????????????????????. ??? ?????????? ??? ?????????. ??????????? ?????? ????????? ????????????? ?????? ?????? ????????????. ??????? ???????????? ?????????? ??????? ???????????, ??? ????????????, ????????????? ????????????????? ????????. ?????, ?????? ??????????? ????? ???????? ???????? ???????????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????????????.

?????? ???????? ?????? ???? ????????, ????????? 3-½ ?????? ????? x 5 ?????? ????? x .007 ???????? ????????? ????????????, 4-¼ ?????? ????? x 6 ?????? ????? x .016 ???????? ??????????? ???????? ???? ???????????? ???? ?????? ????????? ?? ???????????????. ??????? ??? ???????????? ?????????????? ??????? ????????? ??????????????.

?????? [ ???? ]

?????? ????????????? ????????????? ??????? ?????? [ ???? ]

1905 ??? ??????? ????????????? ????????? ????? ????????????? ????? ?????????? ??????????

??????????????? ??????? ???? ??. ??????????? (John P. Charlton) ??????? 1861 ??? ??????? ??????????????? ?????????? ??????????????. ??????????? ???? ???. ???. ??????? ??????????? ????????. "????????? ?????????" ??????? ??????? ????????????? ????????? ????? ???????????? ???? ????????????. 9 ?????????????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ???????????? ????????? ????????.

????????????? ????? ?????? ?????, ?????????????? ???????????????????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ???????????? 1873?? ???????????????. ^[1]^[2] ???? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ????????????? ???? ????????????????????. ^[3] ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????????????????? ???????? 1873 ??? ??????? ????????? ??????????. ?????? ??????? ????????????? ??????? ?????????????? ?????? ???????????? ????????? ???????????? ??????????????. ???????? ??????? ???????????? ??????? ?????????????????. ??? ????????? 1898 ??? ????? ??????? ??????????? ????????. 1998 ??? ??????? ?????????? ?????????, ??????? ????????????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? "??????? ?????? ??????? ?????????" ??????? ??? ??????????? ?????????????.

???????????? ?????? ???????? ????, ??????? ??????????? ???? ???????? "????????????" ?? ?????????? ??? ?????????????. ?????? ??? "?????? ????????" ?? ??????????????????. 1901 ??? ??????? ?????? ?????????????.

1893?? ???????????? ???????? " ??? ?????????? ????????? "?? ??????????????????????? ?????? ????????????? ???????????? ??????????????. ??? ????????? ???????, ???????? ????, ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ?????????????? ????????? ??????? ???????????. ???????????? ?????????? ?????????????? ??????? ?????????????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ????????. 1908 ??? ????????? ?????? ??????? ???????????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??????????????????. ^[3]

1893 ??? ??????? ?????????? ????????????? ??????? ???? ????????? ?????? ??????????, ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ??????. ????????????? ???? ???????????? ???????? ???????? ????????????????? ?????????? ??????????????????. 1908 ??? ??????? 677 ???????????????? ???????? ???????????? ?????? ??????????????????.

1901 ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? "Post Card" ??????? ???? ????????? ????????????? ???????????? ?????? ???????? ??????????????. ????????????? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ?????????????????. ????????????? ?????????? ??????????????? ???? ??????????????? ??????? ????????? ??????????????? ??? ????????? ???????? ??????? ??????????. ??? "????????????? ???????" ???????? ?????????. ???? ????????????? ????????? ????? ?????????? ????????, "????????????? ???????" ???????? ?????????????. ????????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ?????????? ??? ????????????????? ??????????????? ????????? ?????????????. ??? "????????????? ????????? ?????", "????????????? ????????? ?????" ?????????????. ????????????? ????????? ????? 1907 ??? ????? ??????????. ??? ???????? ?????????????? ????????? ?????? ?????????????????????. ??????? ????? ?????? ????????? ??????????? ???????????? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????????? ??? ????????? ?????????? ??????. 1907?????? 1910?????? ????????? ????????? ??????????????? ?????? ???????? ????????. ?? ?????? ????????????? ????????????? ?????????, ????? ????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ???????????. ^[4]

1916 ??? ??????????? 1930 ??? ??????????? ????????? ????? "????????? ?????" ??????, 1931 ???????? 1950 ?????? ?????????? "???? ??????? ?????" ?????? ?????????????????. ?????????? ??????????? ??????????????, ?????????? ?????????? ????????? ????? ????????????? ??????????????? ?????? ???????? ?????????????. ???????? ???? ???????? ???????? ?????????????????? ?????????? "?????? ?????" ????????????. ??? ????????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ???????????? ???????? ???????. ???????????? ????????????? ??????? ??? ???????????? ????????????? ???????. ??????? ???????? 1939 ??? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????????? 1950?????? ??????? ?????????????? ????? ????????.

??????????? ???????????? [ ???? ]

1894 ??? ??????? ???????????????? "????? ??????" ????????? ??? ?????? ????, ?????? ????? ????????????????? ???? ??????? ???????????? ???????????????? ??????????? ?????? ?????????. ????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???????????? ??????? ??????????????? ??????? ???????????? ???????????????. ???????????? ??????? ??????????????, ?????????? ??????????? , ???????? ?????????, ?????????????????? ???????????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ??????????. ???????? ??????????????? ????????????? ???????????? ?????????????? ???????????????????? ??????, ?????????? ??????????????? ??????? ???????? ?????. ??? ??????????? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ??????????. ??????????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ???????.

1930????? ???????????? ?????? ????????? ????????? "???????? ???????" ??????????????? ????? ???????????? ???????? ????????. ?????? ???????????? ?????? ???????? ?????????. ??????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??????????, ????????????? 16 ????????? ???????? ???????????????. ??? ??????? ?????????????, ?????? ???????, ????????????????? ???????????? ????? ???????????? ????????????? ????? ???????????????? ???????. 1950????? ???????????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ????? ????, ???????????????? ???? ?????????????? ???? ??????? ???????????? ???? ????????? ????????. ?????????, ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????. ??????? ??????? ????? ????? 60????? ??????? ???????????? ???????? ????? ?????????? ?????????????. ??? ???????? ??? ??????????? ????? ???????????. ^[5] ???????? ??? ??? ??????? ????????????. ??????? 70???????, 80???????, ???????? ??????????????, ?????????? ??????, ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????????????????, ?????????????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ??????????????????? ??????? ???????????? ????????? ?????????????.

???????????? ???????????????? ???????????? ?????? ??????? ?????. ???????????? ??? ??????????? ?????? ?????. ???? ?????????? ?????????????? ????? ???????? ????????????????.

??????????? [ ???? ]

↑ "History & Innovation" . Bostonhistorycollaborative.org. Archived from the original on 2011-09-11 . ????????????? ???? 2012-06-16 .
↑ "Springfield 375 | Springfield's Official 375th Anniversary Celebration Site" . Springfield375.org . ????????????? ???? 2012-06-16 .
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 "The History of Postcards" . Archived from the original on 2010-02-01 . ????????????? ???? 2017-02-01 .
↑ Gifford, Daniel (2013) American Holiday Postcards 1905-1915: Imagery and Context . McFarland Press. ??????????? ?????????? ??? 0786478179 .
↑ Nick Collins (5 August 2010). "Bawdy seaside postcards on display" . The Telegraph . http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/howaboutthat/7928443/Bawdy-seaside-postcards-on-display.html . ??????? ????: 12 September 2011 .

?????????? ??????????? [ ???? ]

????????????????? [ ???? ]

[1] "History & Innovation" . Bostonhistorycollaborative.org. Archived from the original on 2011-09-11 . ????????????? ???? 2012-06-16 .

[2] "Springfield 375 | Springfield's Official 375th Anniversary Celebration Site" . Springfield375.org . ????????????? ???? 2012-06-16 .

[The_History_of_Postcards-3] 3.0 ^3.1 "The History of Postcards" . Archived from the original on 2010-02-01 . ????????????? ???? 2017-02-01 .

[4] Gifford, Daniel (2013) American Holiday Postcards 1905-1915: Imagery and Context . McFarland Press. ??????????? ?????????? ??? 0786478179 .

[Telegraph-5] Nick Collins (5 August 2010). "Bawdy seaside postcards on display" . The Telegraph . http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/howaboutthat/7928443/Bawdy-seaside-postcards-on-display.html . ??????? ????: 12 September 2011 .

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