????? ?????????

????? ?????????
Yang Berhormat Tuan
Ahmad Boestamam
?????????? ????? ????????? ; Yang Berhormat Tuan ; Ahmad Boestamam
	????? ????????? ; ?????? ??????? ???????????
??????, ????? ????? ?????
	???????? ; 1955?1959
?????? ???????????? ; for ?????? ?????? ?????
	???????? ; 1959?1964
???????? ??????? ??????
????????? ?????????
???????	????????? ???? ???? ???????? ; Abdullah Sani Raja Kechil ; 30 ??????? 1920 ; ?????? ?????? ??? , ?????? ?????
??????	19 ????? 1983 (???? 62) ; ??????????? ???? ??????????? ??????????? , ???????
??????? ?????	????? ????? ????? ; ?????? ?????? ????? ; ?????? ??????? ?????
???????	??????? ????? ?????? ??????
?????????	2
???????(s)	??????????? , ???????
????	???????????, ??????????????, ??????????

????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ???? ???? ???????? ( ???????? ; ????? : Ahmad Boestamam ; ????? : 阿末·博斯?曼); (???????: 30 ??????? 1920; ??????: 19 ????? 1983) ??????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ?????; ??????????? ????????? ??????????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ???????????? ?? ???????????????.

?????? ??????????? ???????????? ?????????? ???? 3 ???? ???? ???????????? ???????? ???????????? ????? ?????????; ?????? ?????????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????? ?????. ????? ????? ?????, ?????? ?????? ?????, ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????????? ??????????? ???????? ?????. ^[1]

???? [ ???? ]

??????????????? ?????? ????????????? ???? ???? ???????? ????? ???????? ???????; ?????? , ??????? ?????? , ?????? ??? ??????????? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ???????????? ??????? ?????????????? ?????????.

1930-????? ????????????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ???? ??????????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ??????????? ??????????? ????????? ???????????????. ^[2] ???????? ????? ???????? ????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ????????????. ^[3]

???? ???????????, ?????? ??????????????? ??????? ???????????? ???-????? ( Burhanuddin al-Helmy ) ^[4] ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ( Ishak Haji Muhammad ) ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ???????????? ??????????? ????????????. ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ( Pak Sako ) ????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ?????.

????? ????????? [ ???? ]

1948-??? ??????? ?????????????? ????? ??????? ???? ???????? ????????????????? ???????, ?????? ??????? ?????????, ????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ????????? ????????. ????????? ??????????? ??????? ????????? ????????????.

???? ???????, 1948-??? ???????, ?????? ??????????? ???????????? ?????????? ???? ????????? ???? ????????????, ??? ???????? ????????????? ??????? ??????????????. 1955-??? ????????? ?????????????. ???? ?????????????? 11 ??????? 1955-??? ???? ????????? ???????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ( Parti Rakyat Malaya ) ????? ??????? ??????????. ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ( Malayan Peoples' Socialist Front ) ?? ????? ??????? ??????.

??????? ???????? [ ???? ]

???????? ?????????? ?????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????????? ???????? ???????. 1959-??? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ???????????????? ?????????? ????????. ???? ??????????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???? ?????? ????????. ???? ????? ?????????????? ??????????? ??????????? ????????? ??????? ?????????.

1963-???, ??????????????? ??????????????????? ????? ???????? ????????. ???? ???????????? ??????????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ????????? ; ?????? ??????????????? ???? ????????? ???????????? ????????.

???????????? ????????? ???? [ ???? ]

????????? ????????? ??????????????? ??????? ?????????????? ??????? ???????????? ???? ?????? ????????? ??????? ???????. ?????? ??? ?????????????? ????, ????? ?????? ??????? ??????????????; ??????? ??????????? ?????? ???????????? ?????????????. ^[1]

???????????? ????????? [ ???? ]

????? ????????? ( Ahmad Boestamam )
????? ??? ???????? ( Ishak Haji Muhammad )
??????? ????? ????? ( Abd(ul Aziz Ishak )
????? ?????? ?????? Datuk Kampo Radjo )
???? ???? ?? ( Tan Kai Hee )
???? ???? ???? ( Tan Hock Hin )
??????? ???.??. ????????? ( Dr. M.K. Rajakumar )
??????? ??? ( Hasnul Hadi )
???????? ?????? ( Tajuddin Kahar )

???? ??????? ?????????? ?????????, ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????????????? ???????? ???????. ????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ?????????, ?????? ????? ????????? ?????????? ???????????, ????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?????????????? ??????????????.

?????? ??????? ????? [ ???? ]

????? ????????? ????? ????????? ?????????; ??????? ????? ????? ??? ???????????? ???????; 1968-??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ( Parti Marhaen Malaysia ) ?????????????. ???????? 1974 ???????? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ????? ????????????. ????? ?????? ?????????. ^[5]

??????? ????? ?????????, ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ( Malaysian Social Justice Party ) ????????? ?????????. ??????? ?????? ????? 1974 ???????? ?????? ????????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????. ??????? ????? ?????????; ?????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ( Tan Chee Khoon ) ?????????? ??????? ??????? ????????. ????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ????????????.

????????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????. 1982-??? ???????, ???? ??? ????????? ??????????? ???? ????????? ???????????? ???????, ??????????? ??????????????? 19 ????? 1983 ????? ???? ????????. ^[6]

??????????? [ ???? ]

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 "Syed Husin remembers #1: Merdeka-era leaders lost to the nation" . 23 September 2021.
↑ Sani, Rustam (2008). Social Roots of the Malay Left . SIRD. p. 30. ??????????? ?????????? ??? 978-9833782444 .
↑ Sani, Rustam (2008). Social Roots of the Malay Left . SIRD. p. 25. ??????????? ?????????? ??? 978-9833782444 .
↑ Federspiel, Howard M. (2007). Sultans, shamans, and saints: Islam and Muslims in Southeast Asia . University of Hawaii Press. p. 177. ??????????? ?????????? ??? 978-0-8248-3052-6 .
↑ "Partai Marhaen mulai ator langkah" .
↑ NST (19 Januari 1983). "Datuk Boestaman meninggal di KL". Berita Harian . 20 Januari 1983.

??????? [ ???? ]

Harry Aveling, trans., Ishak Haji Muhammad: The Prince of Mount Tahan, Singapore: Heinemann Educational Books, (Asia), 1980.
Adam, Ramlah (1994). Ahmad Boestamam: Satu Biografi Politik . Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa Dan Pustaka. ??????????? ?????????? ??? 10: 9836243453 . {{ cite book }}: Check |isbn= value: invalid character ( help )
Boestamam, Ahmad (2004). Memoir Ahmad Boestamam: Merdeka dengan Darah dalam Api . Bangi: Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. ??????????? ?????????? ??? 9679426126 . {{ cite book }}: Check |isbn= value: checksum ( help )

?????? ????? [ ???? ]

???? ?????????? [ ???? ]

[malaysiakini.com-1] 1.0 ^1.1 "Syed Husin remembers #1: Merdeka-era leaders lost to the nation" . 23 September 2021.

[Sani_2008_30-2] Sani, Rustam (2008). Social Roots of the Malay Left . SIRD. p. 30. ??????????? ?????????? ??? 978-9833782444 .

[3] Sani, Rustam (2008). Social Roots of the Malay Left . SIRD. p. 25. ??????????? ?????????? ??? 978-9833782444 .

[4] Federspiel, Howard M. (2007). Sultans, shamans, and saints: Islam and Muslims in Southeast Asia . University of Hawaii Press. p. 177. ??????????? ?????????? ??? 978-0-8248-3052-6 .

[5] "Partai Marhaen mulai ator langkah" .

[6] NST (19 Januari 1983). "Datuk Boestaman meninggal di KL". Berita Harian . 20 Januari 1983.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

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