Mfululizo wa kurasa juu ya Yesu
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Yesu kadiri ya historia
ni
ujuzi
juu yake unaopatikana kwa kumchunguza kama
mtu
mwingine yeyote, mbali na
imani
ya
dini
, ili kuelewa vizuri
maisha
yake yalivyokuwa ki
historia
.
[1]
[2]
[3]
Fani
hiyo inavyodai, ni lazima kuchunguza
habari
tulizonazo juu yake ili kuthibitisha
ukweli
wake.
[4]
[5]
[6]
[7]
[8]
[9]
[10]
Yesu hakuacha
maandiko
yoyote.
Habari
zake zinapatikana hasa katika
Biblia
, kwa namna ya pekee katika
Injili
nne na
vitabu
vingine vya
Agano Jipya
[11]
[11]
[12]
.
Yapo pia mengine ya Wakristo yasiyokubaliwa na
Kanisa
kama
Neno la Mungu
hasa kwa sababu yalichelewa kuandikwa (kuanzia
karne ya 2
).
Nje ya
Ukristo
kuna habari fupi kuhusu Yesu katika maandiko ya
waandishi
wa
Roma
,
Wagiriki
na Wayahudi. Habari hizo zinaangaliwa sana kwa sababu zimetungwa na watu wasiomwamini Yesu
kidini
[11]
[13]
[14]
[15]
[16]
[17]
[18]
[19]
[20]
[20]
[21]
[22]
.
Kwa ujumla zinathibitisha ya kwamba Yesu alikuwepo, na kwamba wakati hao walipoandika alikuwa na
wafuasi
huko
Roma
na ya kwamba awali Waroma hawakuelewa tofauti kati ya wafuasi wake na Wayahudi
[23]
[24]
Kati ya waandishi hao muhimu ni hasa:
1.
Mtaalamu
Myahudi
Flavius Josephus
: huyo aliandika miaka
93
-
94
BK kitabu cha "Antiquitates Judaicae“ (Habari za
historia
ya Wayahudi) akitaja
kifo
cha "
Yakobo ndugu wa Yesu
“ (sura ya 20, 200)
[25]
[26]
[27]
[28]
.
2. Mwandishi Mroma
Tacitus
: huyo aliandika mnamo mwaka
117
ya kwamba
Kaisari Nero
alishtaki kikundi cha “Chrestiani” ya kuwa wamechoma
moto
mji
wa Roma. Aliongeza: “Mtu ambaye ni asili ya jina hilo ni Chrestus aliyeuawa wakati wa
Tiberio
kwa
amri
ya
Pontio Pilato
” (Annales XV,44).
3. Mwandishi Mroma
Svetonius
: huyo alimtaja “Chrestos” katika kitabu chake juu ya
maisha
ya
Kaisari Klaudio
(25,4) ya kwamba huyu amesababisha
fujo
kati ya Wayahudi wa Roma hivyo
Kaisari
aliwafukuza wote mjini.
4.
Mwanasiasa
Mroma
Gaius Plinius Caecilius Secundus
: huyo aliacha
barua
kadhaa zinazotaja Wakristo mnamo mwaka
100
BK. Alimwuliza
Kaisari Traianus
jinsi ya kushughulikia Wakristo waliokataa kutoa
sadaka
mbele ya
sanamu
za Kaisari.
- ↑
Amy-Jill Levine
in the
The Historical Jesus in Context
edited by Amy-Jill Levine et al. 2006 Princeton Univ Press
ISBN 978-0-691-00992-6
pages 1-2
- ↑
Jesus: Apocalyptic Prophet of the New Millennium
by Bart D. Ehrman (Sep 23, 1999)
ISBN 0195124731
Oxford Univ Press pages ix-xi
- ↑
Jesus Remembered
Volume 1, by James D. G. Dunn 2003
ISBN 0-8028-3931-2
pp. 125-127
- ↑
http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/historicity
- ↑
"Nakala iliyohifadhiwa"
. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka
chanzo
mnamo 2014-10-06
. Iliwekwa mnamo
2014-09-22
.
- ↑
While discussing the "striking" fact that "we don't have any Roman records, of any kind, that attest to the existence of Jesus," Ehrman dismisses claims that this means Jesus never existed, saying, "He certainly existed, as virtually every competent scholar of antiquity, Christian or non-Christian, agrees, based on clear and certain evidence." B. Ehrman, 2011
Forged : writing in the name of God
ISBN 978-0-06-207863-6
. page 285
- ↑
Michael Grant
(a
classicist
) states that "In recent years, 'no serious scholar has ventured to postulate the non historicity of Jesus' or at any rate very few, and they have not succeeded in disposing of the much stronger, indeed very abundant, evidence to the contrary." in
Jesus: An Historian's Review of the Gospels
by Michael Grant 2004
ISBN 1898799881
page 200
- ↑
Richard A. Burridge
states: "There are those who argue that Jesus is a figment of the Church’s imagination, that there never was a Jesus at all. I have to say that I do not know any respectable critical scholar who says that any more." in
Jesus Now and Then
by Richard A. Burridge and Graham Gould (Apr 1, 2004)
ISBN 0802809774
page 34
- ↑
Crossan, John Dominic (1995).
Jesus: A Revolutionary Biography
. HarperOne. uk.
145
.
ISBN
0-06-061662-8
.
That he was crucified is as sure as anything historical can ever be, since both Josephus and Tacitus ... agree with the Christian accounts on at least that basic fact.
- ↑
Jesus as a Figure in History: How Modern Historians View the Man from Galilee
by Mark Allan Powell 1998
ISBN 0-664-25703-8
pages 168?173
- ↑
11.0
11.1
11.2
Jesus and the Gospels: An Introduction and Survey
by Craig L. Blomberg 2009
ISBN 0-8054-4482-3
pages 431-436
- ↑
Van Voorst (2000)
pp. 39-53
- ↑
Van Voorst (2000)
pp. 39-53
- ↑
Robert E. Van Voorst,
Jesus Outside the New Testament: An Introduction to the Ancient Evidence
, Wm. B. Eerdmans, 2000. p 39- 53
- ↑
Eddy, Paul; Boyd, Gregory (2007).
The Jesus Legend: A Case for the Historical Reliability of the Synoptic Jesus Tradition
Baker Academic,
ISBN 0-8010-3114-1
page 127
- ↑
F.F. Bruce,
Jesus and Christian Origins Outside the New Testament
, (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1974) p. 23
- ↑
Theissen, Gerd; Merz, Annette (1998).
The historical Jesus: a comprehensive guide
. Minneapolis: Fortress Press. uk. 83.
ISBN
978-0-8006-3122-2
.
CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
link
)
- ↑
The Case Against Christianity, By Michael Martin, pg 50-51, at
http://books.google.co.za/books?id=wWkC4dTmK0AC&pg=PA52&dq=historicity+of+jesus&hl=en&sa=X&ei=o-_8U5-yEtTH7AbBpoCoAg&ved=0CCUQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=tacitus&f=false
- ↑
The Historical Jesus in the Twentieth Century: 1900-1950, By Walter P. Weaver, pg 53, pg 57, at
http://books.google.co.za/books?id=1CZbuFBdAMUC&pg=PA45&dq=historicity+of+jesus&hl=en&sa=X&ei=o-_8U5-yEtTH7AbBpoCoAg&ved=0CEoQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=tacitus&f=false
- ↑
20.0
20.1
Secret of Regeneration, By Hilton Hotema, pg 100, at
http://books.google.co.za/books?id=jCaopp3R5B0C&pg=PA100&dq=interpolations+in+tacitus&hl=en&sa=X&ei=CRf-U9-VGZCe7AbxrIDQCA&ved=0CCAQ6AEwATge#v=onepage&q=interpolations%20in%20tacitus&f=false
- ↑
Jesus
, University Books, New York, 1956, p.13
- ↑
France, RT
(1986).
Evidence for Jesus (Jesus Library)
. Trafalgar Square Publishing. ku.
19
?20.
ISBN
0-340-38172-8
.
- ↑
Schreckenberg, Heinz; Kurt Schubert (1992).
Jewish Traditions in Early Christian Literature
.
ISBN
90-232-2653-4
.
- ↑
Kostenberger, Andreas J.; L. Scott Kellum; Charles L. Quarles (2009).
The Cradle, the Cross, and the Crown: An Introduction to the New Testament
.
ISBN
0-8054-4365-7
.
- ↑
The new complete works of Josephus
by Flavius Josephus, William Whiston, Paul L. Maier
ISBN 0-8254-2924-2
pages 662-663
- ↑
Josephus XX
by
Louis H. Feldman
1965,
ISBN 0674995023
page 496
- ↑
Van Voorst, Robert E. (2000).
Jesus Outside the New Testament: An Introduction to the Ancient Evidence
ISBN 0-8028-4368-9
. page 83
- ↑
Flavius Josephus; Maier, Paul L. (December 1995).
Josephus, the essential works: a condensation of Jewish antiquities and The Jewish war
ISBN 978-0-8254-3260-6
pages 284-285
- Brown, Raymond E.
(1997)
An Introduction to the New Testament
. Doubleday
ISBN 0-385-24767-2
- Daniel Boyarin (2004).
Border Lines. The Partition of Judaeo-Christianity
. University of Pennsylvania Press.
- Doherty, Earl (1999).
The Jesus Puzzle. Did Christianity Begin with a Mythical Christ? : Challenging the Existence of an Historical Jesus
.
ISBN 0-9686014-0-5
- Drews, Arthur & Burns, C. Deslisle (1998).
The Christ Myth
(Westminster College-Oxford Classics in the Study of Religion).
ISBN 1-57392-190-4
- Ellegard, Alvar
Jesus ? One Hundred Years Before Christ: A Study in Creative Mythology
, (London 1999).
- France, R.T. (2001).
The Evidence for Jesus
. Hodder & Stoughton.
- Freke, Timothy & Gandy, Peter.
The Jesus Mysteries - was the original Jesus a pagan god?
ISBN 0-7225-3677-1
- George, Augustin & Grelot, Pierre (Eds.) (1992).
Introduccion Critica al Nuevo Testamento
. Herder.
ISBN 84-254-1277-3
- Koester, Helmut (1992).
Ancient Christian Gospels
. Harrisburg, PA: Continuum.
ISBN
0-334-02450-1
.
- Gowler, David B. (2007).
What Are They Saying About the Historical Jesus?
. Paulist Press.
- Grant, Michael
,
Jesus: An Historian's Review of the Gospels
, Scribner, 1995.
ISBN 0-684-81867-1
- Meier, John P.,
A Marginal Jew: Rethinking the Historical Jesus
,
Anchor Bible Reference Library
, Doubleday
- (1991), v. 1,
The Roots of the Problem and the Person
,
ISBN 0-385-26425-9
- (1994), v. 2,
Mentor, Message, and Miracles
,
ISBN 0-385-46992-6
- (2001), v. 3,
Companions and Competitors
,
ISBN 0-385-46993-4
- (2009), v. 4,
Law and Love
,
ISBN 978-0-300-14096-5
- Mendenhall, George E. (2001).
Ancient Israel's Faith and History: An Introduction to the Bible in Context
.
ISBN 0-664-22313-3
- Messori, Vittorio
(1977).
Jesus hypotheses
. St Paul Publications.
ISBN 0-85439-154-1
- New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocrypha, New Revised Standard Version. (1991) New York, Oxford University Press.
ISBN 0-19-528356-2
- Price, Robert M.
(2000).
Deconstructing Jesus
. Amherst, N.Y.: Prometheus Books.
ISBN
1-57392-758-9
.
- Price, Robert M.
(2003).
The Incredible Shrinking Son of Man: How Reliable is the Gospel Tradition?
. Amherst, N.Y.: Prometheus Books.
ISBN
1-59102-121-9
.
- Wells, George A. (1988).
The Historical Evidence for Jesus
. Prometheus Books.
ISBN 0-87975-429-X
- Wells, George A. (1998).
The Jesus Myth
.
ISBN 0-8126-9392-2
- Wells, George A. (2004).
Can We Trust the New Testament?: Thoughts on the Reliability of Early Christian Testimony
.
ISBN 0-8126-9567-4
- Wilson, Ian (2000).
Jesus: The Evidence
(1st ed.). Regnery Publishing.
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Makala hii kuhusu mtu wa Biblia bado ni
mbegu
.
Je, unajua kitu kuhusu
Yesu kadiri ya historia
kama habari za maisha au kazi yake?
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Basi unaweza kuisaidia Wikipedia kwa
kuihariri na kuongeza habari
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