Kutoka Wikipedia, kamusi elezo huru
Wasiosadiki Utatu
ni
Wakristo
ambao wanakusha
fundisho
hilo la msingi la
madhehebu
karibu yote ya
dini
iliyoanzishwa na
Yesu
.
Biblia
haitumii
neno
Utatu
, ambalo limetungwa na
wanateolojia
katika
jitihada
za kufafanua
ukweli
wa
Yesu Kristo
kama
Mwana wa Mungu
na wa
Roho Mtakatifu
.
Kwa kuwatambua wote wawili kuwa wa
milele
lakini si
Baba
, wanateolojia wengi, hasa ma
babu wa Kanisa
, walikiri kuwa zote tatu ni
nafsi
tofauti za
Mungu
pekee.
Mitaguso ya kiekumene
kuanzia
karne ya 4
ilithibitisha mafundisho hayo kama
imani sahihi
na kutupilia mbali yaliyo kinyume kama
uzushi
.
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
Hata hivyo
Waario
na wengineo hawakukubali
dogma
hizo,
[5]
hivyo asilimia ndogo ya Wakristo imeendelea kukataa kusadiki
fumbo
la Utatu, na kukiri
umoja
wa nafsi ya Mungu,
[6]
[7]
[8]
[9]
ingawa kwa kutofautiana wao kwa wao.
[10]
Kati ya makundi makubwa zaidi yenye msimamo huo kuna
Wamormoni
na
Mashahidi wa Yehova
, lakini pia baadhi ya
Wapentekoste
.
- ↑
Roger E. Olson, Christopher Alan Hall (Eerdmans 2002 ISBN 978-0-80284827-7), p. 15
- ↑
Roger E. Olson,
The Story of Christian Theology
(InterVarsity Press 1999 ISBN 978-0-83081505-0), p. 173
- ↑
Bernhard Lohse,
A Short History of Christian Doctrine
(Fortress Press 1966 ISBN 978-1-45140423-4), p. 55
- ↑
Deno John Geanakoplos,
Constantinople and the West
(University of Wisconsin Press 1989 ISBN 978-0-29911884-6), p. 152
- ↑
Frank Leslie Cross, Elizabeth A. Livingstone (editors),
The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church
(Oxford University Press 2005 ISBN 978-0-19280290-3), entry: "Arianism"
- ↑
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/590747/Theodosius-I
- ↑
http://www.fourthcentury.com/index.php/urkunde-33
- ↑
"Nakala iliyohifadhiwa"
. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka
chanzo
mnamo 2013-10-14
. Iliwekwa mnamo
2014-09-22
.
- ↑
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/12976/Albigensian-Crusade
- ↑
von Harnack, Adolf
(1894-03-01).
"History of Dogma"
. Iliwekwa mnamo
2007-06-15
.
[In the 2nd century,] Jesus was either regarded as the man whom God hath chosen, in whom the Deity or the Spirit of God dwelt, and who, after being tested, was adopted by God and invested with dominion, (Adoptionist Christology); or Jesus was regarded as a heavenly spiritual being (the highest after God) who took flesh, and again returned to heaven after the completion of his work on earth (pneumatic Christology)
- Five Major Problems With The Trinity
21st Century Reformation by Dan J. Gill
- The Trinity: True or False?
Archived
18 Machi 2007 at the
Wayback Machine
. by James H. Broughton & Peter J Southgate
- The Origin of the Trinity: From Paganism to Constantine
Archived
5 Agosti 2014 at the
Wayback Machine
.
- Should you believe in the Trinity?
Archived
20 Juni 2012 at the
Wayback Machine
. - Jehovah's Witnesses perspective
- An investigation of the trinity of Plato and of Philo Judaeus, and of the effects which an attachment to their writings had upon the principles and reasonings of the father of the Christian church
, by Caesar Morgan, Cambridge University Press, 1853.
- Antitrinitarian Biography; or, Sketches of the lives and writings of distinguished antitrinitarians, exhibiting a view of the state of the Unitarian doctrine and worship in the principal nations of Europe, from the reformation to the close of the seventeenth century, to which is prefixed a history of Unitarianism in England during the same period
,
Robert Wallace
, 1850.
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