Sosholojia
ni
fani
ya
sayansi
inayochunguza
mwenendo wa kijamii
, yaani
binadamu
katika
maisha ya jamii
: unavyoanza, unayoendelea, unavyojipanga na unavyosababisha
miundo
.
[1]
Kwa maneno mengine, sosholojia inamsoma mtu katika mahusiano yake: mtu na mtu, mtu na watu (kundi) na hivyo huweza kugundua
tabia
zake mbalimbali.
Somo hilo linahusiana na masomo mengine, kama vile
anthropolojia
,
historia
,
saikolojia
na
uchumi
.
Ni mojawapo kati ya
sayansi za jamii
nayo inatumia
mbinu
tofauti za kutambua hali halisi,
halafu inazichunguza kimpango.
Jina la fani hii linatokana na
Kilatini
("socius" yaani "mwenzi") na
Kigiriki
("λογ?α, logia" yaani "elimu") pamoja.
Aliyeunganisha kwa mara ya kwanza maneno hayo (mwaka
1780
) ni
mwandishi
Mfaransa
Emmanuel-Joseph Sieyes
(
1748
?
1836
), lakini alichoandika kilichelewa kuchapwa.
[2]
Mwaka
1838
alifanya vilevile Mfaransa mwingine,
mwanafalsafa wa sayansi
Auguste Comte
(
1798
?
1857
).
[3]
Comte used this term to describe a new way of looking at society.
[4]
Kujifunza sosholojia ni kujifunza kuangalia
dunia
kwa mapana zaidi, yaani kutoka nje ya mipaka ya tafsiri zetu tulizojiwekea kijuujuu. Ni kukubali
changamoto
ya kuchunguza upya yale yote tunayoyajua kwa maana za kawaida: matokeo ya
uchunguzi
huo pengine hupingana na kile tulichokidhani mwanzoni na hivyo kutuwezesha kuuona
ukweli
katika hali mpya.
Sosholojia hutusaidia kuelewa hali halisi ya
jamii
ili kuchangia urekebishaji au utengenezaji wa
sera
mpya. Hutusaidia pia kukuza
ujuzi
wetu wa jamii mbalimbali na wa mahusiano yetu kijamii, yakiwa mazuri au mabaya vilevile. Hutusaidia tena kuelewa
jumuia
zetu kubwa au ndogo kama watu wanaoishi pamoja wakifuata
mila
na
desturi
za aina moja na kuwa na
lengo
moja. Hutusaidia kuelewa aina mbalimbali za
utamaduni
ili kurahisisha
ushirikiano
.
Pamoja na kwamba mizizi ya sosholojia inapatikana katika maandishi ya
wanafalsafa
wa
Ugiriki
Plato
na
Aristotle
, somo hilo lilipata kujitegemea katika
karne ya 19
likakua haraka katika
karne ya 20
.
Mababa wake ni hasa Auguste Comte (1798-1857) na
Herbert Spencer
(
1820
-
1903
).
Wengineo ni
Karl Marx
(
1818
-
1883
),
Emile Durkheim
(
1858
-
1917
) na
Max Weber
(
1864
-
1920
).
- ↑
sociology. (n.d.). The American Heritage Science Dictionary. Retrieved July 13, 2013, from Dictionary.com website:
http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/sociology
- ↑
Des Manuscrits de Sieyes. 1773?1799
, Volumes I and II, published by Christine Faure, Jacques Guilhaumou, Jacques Vallier and Francoise Weil, Paris, Champion, 1999 and 2007. See also Christine Faure and Jacques Guilhaumou,
Sieyes et le non-dit de la sociologie: du mot a la chose
, in
Revue d'histoire des sciences humaines
, Numero 15, novembre 2006: Naissances de la science sociale. See also the article
'sociologie'
in the French-language Wikipedia.
- ↑
A Dictionary of Sociology
, Article: Comte, Auguste
- ↑
Macionis, Gerber, John, Linda (2010).
Sociology
7th Canadian Ed. Toronto, Ontario:
Pearson Canada
. pp. 10.
- Aby, Stephen H.
Sociology: A Guide to Reference and Information Sources, 3rd edn.
Littleton, Colorado, Libraries Unlimited Inc., 2005,
ISBN 1-56308-947-5
OCLC
57475961
- Babbie, Earl R.
. 2003.
The Practice of Social Research, 10th edition.
Wadsworth,
Thomson Learning
Inc.,
ISBN 0-534-62029-9
OCLC
51917727
- Collins, Randall
. 1994.
Four Sociological Traditions.
Oxford,
Oxford University Press
ISBN 0-19-508208-7
OCLC
28411490
- Coser, Lewis A.
,
Masters of Sociological Thought : Ideas in Historical and Social Context
, New York, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1971.
ISBN 0-15-555128-0
.
- Giddens, Anthony
. 2006.
Sociology
(5th edition), Polity, Cambridge.
ISBN 0-7456-3378-1
OCLC
63186308
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Sociology: Concepts and Characteristics
(toleo la 7th). Belmont, California: Wadsworth.
ISBN
0-534-10158-5
.
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and
Everett Carll Ladd
. "The Politics of American Sociologists,"
American Journal of Sociology
(1972) 78#1 pp. 67?104
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ISBN
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.
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. 1959.
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4536864
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Archived
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Archived
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.
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. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Transaction Publishers.
ISBN
978-0-202-36168-0
.
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145146341
.
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1967.
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, London, Heinemann Educational Books.
ISBN 1-56000-667-6
OCLC
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and Douglas J. Goodman. 2004.
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McGraw Hill
.
ISBN 0-07-281718-6
OCLC
52240022
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A Dictionary of Sociology
(3rd Ed). Oxford University Press, 2005,
ISBN 0-19-860986-8
, OCLC
60370982
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, 4th ed., Prentice-Hall.
ISBN 0-13-036245-X
OCLC
31604842
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. 2008.
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(2nd ed., Completely rev. ed.) Princeton,
Princeton University Press
.
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174138884
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,
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,
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.
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OCLC
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