Kutoka Wikipedia, kamusi elezo huru
Kukingiwa dhambi ya asili
ni fundisho rasmi la
Kanisa Katoliki
kuhusu
Bikira Maria
, kwamba alitungwa
mimba
bila kurithi
dhambi ya asili
.
Alipewa na
Mungu
fadhili
hiyo kwa kutanguliziwa
stahili
za
Yesu Kristo
,
mwanae
[2]
[3]
.
Imani
hiyo katika
utakatifu
usio na doa wa Maria ilishikwa na
Wakristo
tangu kale
[4]
.
Hata hivyo mjadala wa
wanateolojia
uliendelea muda mrefu kuhusu uwezekano wa fadhili hiyo kuhusiana na imani ya kwamba
Mkombozi
pekee wa
binadamu
wote ni
Yesu
.
Kati ya watetezi wakuu wa fadhili hiyo walijitokeza
Ndugu Wadogo
, kuanzia
Yohane Duns Skoto
[5]
.
Hatimaye
dogma
hiyo ilitangazwa
mwaka
1854
kwa hati
Ineffabilis Deus
ya
Papa Pius IX
.
[6]
[7]
Miaka minne baadaye huko
Lurdi
mtoto
Bernadeta Soubirous
alisema kuwa ametokewa mara kadha na
mwanamke
ambaye hatimaye alijitambulisha "Ndimi Kukingiwa Dhambi ya Asili".
[8]
Kanisa la Kilatini
linaadhimisha fumbo hilo kama
sherehe
tarehe
8 Desemba
[9]
. Siku hiyo katika nchi mbalimbali ni
sikukuu ya amri
kwa Wakatoliki, na pengine
sikukuu ya kitaifa
.
[10]
Mafundisho ya
Uislamu
juu ya
ubora
wa Bikira Mariamu yanafanana kiasi na imani hiyo
[11]
[12]
[13]
.
- Le Franc, Martin.
The Conception of Mary -- A Rhyming Translation of Book V of Le Champion des Dames by Martin Le Franc (1410-1461).
Ed. and trans. Steven Millen Taylor. Lewiston, NY: The Edwin Mellen Press, 2010.
- ↑
Raymond Burke, 2008,
Mariology: A Guide for Priests, Deacons,seminarians, and Consecrated Persons
Queenship Publishing
ISBN 1-57918-355-7
page
[1]
- ↑
Catechism of the Catholic Church, 490-493
- ↑
When defining the dogma in
Ineffabilis Deus
,
Pope Pius IX
explicitly affirmed that Mary was redeemed in a manner more sublime. He stated that Mary, rather than being cleansed after sin, was completely prevented from contracting Original Sin in view of the foreseen merits of Jesus Christ, the Savior of the human race. In
Luke:1:47
, Mary proclaims: "My spirit has rejoiced in God my Saviour." This is referred to as Mary's pre-redemption by Christ. Since the
Second Council of Orange
against
semi-pelagianism
, the Catholic Church has taught that even had man never sinned in the
Garden of Eden
and was sinless, he would still require God's grace to remain sinless.
- ↑
A feast of the Conception of the Most Holy and All Pure Mother of God was celebrated in Syria on 8 December perhaps as early as the 5th century.
- ↑
Proposing a solution to the theological problem of reconciling the doctrine with that of universal redemption in Christ, he argued that Mary's immaculate conception did not remove her from redemption by Christ; rather it was the result of a more perfect redemption granted her because of her special role in salvation history. Scotus's arguments remained controversial, however, particularly among the Dominicans, who were willing enough to celebrate Mary's
sanctificatio
(being made free from sin) but, following the Dominican Thomas Aquinas' arguments, continued to insist that her sanctification could not have occurred until after her conception.
Encyclopedia of theology: a concise Sacramentum mundi
by Karl Rahner 2004
ISBN 0-86012-006-6
pages 896-898
- ↑
"the doctrine which holds that the most Blessed Virgin Mary, in the first instance of her conception, by a singular grace and privilege granted by Almighty God, in view of the merits of Jesus Christ, the Saviour of the human race, was preserved free from all stain of original sin" (
Encyclical
Ineffabilis Deus
of Pope Pius IX
Archived
14 Machi 2013 at the
Wayback Machine
.)
- ↑
The papal bull defining the dogma,
Ineffabilis Deus
, mentioned in particular the patrististic interpretation of Genesis 3:15 as referring to a woman, Mary, who would be eternally at enmity with the evil serpent and completely triumphing over him. It said the Fathers saw foreshadowings of Mary's "wondrous abundance of divine gifts and original innocence" "in that ark of Noah, which was built by divine command and escaped entirely safe and sound from the common shipwreck of the whole world; in the ladder which Jacob saw reaching from the earth to heaven, by whose rungs the angels of God ascended and descended, and on whose top the Lord himself leaned: Genesis 28:12; in that bush which Moses saw in the holy place burning on all sides, which was not consumed or injured in any way but grew green and blossomed beautifully: Exodus 3:2; in that impregnable tower before the enemy, from which hung a thousand bucklers and all the armor of the strong: Song 4:4; in that garden enclosed on all sides, which cannot be violated or corrupted by any deceitful plots: Song 4:12; in that resplendent city of God, which has its foundations on the holy mountains: Psalm 87:1; in that most august temple of God, which, radiant with divine splendours, is full of the glory of God: Isaiah 6:1-4; and in very many other biblical types of this kind."
The bull recounts that the Fathers interpreted the angel's address to Mary, "highly favoured one" or "full of grace" (Luke 1:28) as indicating that "she was never subject to the curse and was, together with her Son, the only partaker of perpetual benediction"; they "frequently compare her to Eve while yet a virgin, while yet innocence, while yet incorrupt, while not yet deceived by the deadly snares of the most treacherous serpent".
- ↑
Vatican website
- ↑
Martyrologium Romanum
- ↑
"Christianity: Immaculate Conception"
. BBC
. Iliwekwa mnamo
25 Mei
2014
.
{{
cite web
}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (
link
)
- ↑
Thomas Patrick Hughes,
A Dictionary of Islam
. First published London 1885; reprinted by Asian Educational Services 2001.
ISBN 8120606728
,
ISBN 9788120606722
. Entry "IMMACULATE CONCEPTION". (
Google Books
) Quote: "This doctrine was asserted by
Muhammad
(
Mishk?t
, book i., ch. iii., pt. 1)."
- ↑
William Bernard Ullathorne.
The Immaculate Conception of the Mother of God: An Exposition
. First published 1855;
ISBN 1-110-89977-7
. Chapter XIV, "Mahomet and Martin Luther". (
Google Books
)
- ↑
Giancarlo Finazzo.
"The Virgin Mary in the Koran"
Archived
6 Agosti 2016 at the
Wayback Machine
..
L'Osservatore Romano
Weekly Edition in English, 13 April 1978, page 4. Quote: "The dogma of the Immaculate Conception ... is univocally recognized by the Islamic religion."
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