John Henry Newman,
C.O.
(
London
,
Uingereza
,
21 Februari
1801
-
Edgbaston
,
Birmingham
,
11 Agosti
1890
) alikuwa
padri
na
kardinali
wa
Kanisa Katoliki
baada ya kuacha
ukasisi
wa
madhehebu
ya
Anglikana
akiwa tayari maarufu nchini kote kutokana na mahubiri na maandishi yake.
Alitangazwa na
Papa Benedikto XVI
kuwa
mwenye heri
tarehe
19 Septemba
2010
[1]
halafu
Papa Fransisko
alimtangaza
mtakatifu
tarehe
13 Oktoba
2019
.
Sikukuu
yake huadhimishwa tarehe
9 Oktoba
[2]
.
John Henry alikuwa wa kwanza kati ya watoto 6 wa mwenye
benki
John Newman na Jemina Foundrinier, mwenye asili ya
Ufaransa
.
Alipata
elimu
bora karibu na London akaathiriwa na
mchungaji
wa
Kikalvini
hata akashikilia msimamo wa
Kiprotestanti
kwa uamuzi ambao baadaye aliuita
wongofu
wake wa kwanza
1816
.
Mwaka
1817
alijiunga na
Trinity College
huko
Oxford
akawa
shemasi
wa Kianglikana mwaka
1824
.
Mwaka
1828
alifanywa
paroko
wa
kanisa
la
chuo kikuu
kwa jukumu la kuwachunga wanachuo; wakati huohuo alijitosa katika masomo ya
falsafa
na
teolojia
.
Baada ya kuwa
profesa
wa Oxford na kasisi wa Anglikana (Church of England) mwenye mwelekeo wa Kiinjili, Newman alipata kuwa kiongozi wa
Oxford Movement
. Kundi hilo la Waanglikana lilikusudia kurudisha Kanisa la Uingereza kwenye
imani
na
ibada
za Kikatoliki.
Miaka 2 baada ya kuacha ukasisi na hatimaye Anglikana yenyewe, alijiunga na Kanisa Katoliki moja kwa moja (
9 Oktoba
1845
).
Mwaka
1847
alipata
upadirisho
akaanzisha shirika la
Waoratori
mjini Birmingham.
Alichangia kwa kiasi kikubwa (
1851
-
1858
) uundaji wa
Catholic University of Ireland
, ambayo leo inaitwa
University College, Dublin
na ni
chuo kikuu
kinachoshinda kwa ukubwa vingine vyote vya
Ireland
.
Baada ya kufanya uchungaji tena, mwaka
1879
aliteuliwa na
Papa Leo XIII
kuwa
kardinali
.
Kama mwandishi wa
teolojia
na
fasihi
ya
Kiingereza
, Newman ni maarufu hasa kwa simulizi la maisha yake
Apologia Pro Vita Sua
(
1865
?
1866
), kwa
Grammar of Assent
(
1870
), kwa
shairi
The Dream of Gerontius
(1865), ambalo lilitiwa
muziki
na
Edward Elgar
mwaka
1900
kama
oratorio
.
Kati ya
tenzi
zake, maarufu zaidi ni
Lead, Kindly Light
na
Praise to the Holiest in the Height
(kutoka Gerontius).
Juu ya
kaburi
lake yameandikwa maneno ya
Kilatini
aliyoyachagua mwenyewe kama muhtasari wa maisha yake aliyoyaona kama
safari
kuelekea
ukweli
:
Ex umbris et imaginibus in veritatem
(
Kutoka vivuli na mifano hadi ukweli
).
Mungu wangu uliyetuumba,
ulijua kwamba wewe tu unaweza kutushibisha;
basi umeamua kujifanya chakula na kinywaji chetu.
Fumbo abudiwa kuliko yote! Huruma ya ajabu kuliko zote!
Wewe mwenye utukufu, uzuri, nguvu na utamu kuliko wote
ulijua fika kwamba chochote kingine
kisingeweza kutegemeza umbile letu lisilokoma, mioyo yetu dhaifu;
kwa hiyo ulitwaa mwili na damu ya kibinadamu, hivi kwamba,
vikiwa mwili na damu ya Mungu, viweze kuwa uhai wetu...
Naja kwako, Bwana, sio tu kwa sababu pasipo wewe sina raha,
si tu kwa sababu najitambua ninakuhitaji,
bali kwa sababu neema yako inanivuta
nikutafute kwa ajili yako mwenyewe, kwa jinsi ulivyo mtukufu na mzuri.
Naja kwa uchaji mkubwa, lakini kwa upendo mkubwa zaidi.
- Akiwa Mwanglikana
- The Arians of the Fourth Century
(1833)
- Tracts for the Times
(1833?1841)
- British Critic
(1836?1842)
- On the Prophetical Office of the Church
(1837)
- Lectures on Justification
(1838)
- Parochial and Plain Sermons
(1834?1843)
- Select Treatises of St. Athanasius
(1842, 1844)
- Lives of the English Saints
(1843?44)
- Essays on Miracles
(1826, 1843)
- Oxford University Sermons
(1843)
- Sermons on Subjects of the Day
(1843)
- Akiwa Mkatoliki
- Essay on the Development of Christian Doctrine
(1845)
- Retractation of Anti-Catholic Statements
(1845)
- Loss and Gain
(novel ? 1848)
- Faith and Prejudice and Other Unpublished Sermons
(1848?1873; collected 1956)
- Discourses to Mixed Congregations
(1849)
- Difficulties of Anglicans
(1850)
- The Present Position of Catholics in England
(1851)
- The Idea of a University
(1852 and 1858)
- Cathedra Sempiterna
(1852)
- Callista
(novel ? 1855)
- The Rambler (Catholic periodical)]]
(editor) (1859?1860)
- Apologia Pro Vita Sua
(religious autobiography ? 1864; revised edition, 1865)
- Letter to Dr. Pusey
(1865)
- The Dream of Gerontius
(poem) (1865)
- An Essay in Aid of a Grammar of Assent
(1870)
- Sermons Preached on Various Occasions
(various/1874)
- Letter to the Duke of Norfolk
(1875)
- Five Letters
(1875)
- Sermon Notes
(1849?1878)
- Select Treatises of St. Athanasius
(1881)
- On the Inspiration of Scripture
(1884)
- Development of Religious Error
(1885)
- Mengineyo
- Historical Tracts of St. Athanasius
(1843)
- Essays Critical and Historical
(various/1871)
- Tracts Theological and Ecclesiastical
(various/1871)
- Discussions and Arguments
(various/1872)
- Historical Sketches
(various/1872)
- Addresses to Cardinal Newman and His Replies
, with
Biglietto Speech
(1879)
- Madondoo
- Arthur, James & Nicholls, Guy (2007).
John Henry Newman: Continuum Library of Educational Thought
. London: Continuum.
ISBN
978-0-8264-8407-9
.
{{
cite book
}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
link
)
- Bellasis, Edward
(1892).
- Chadwick, Owen
(1987).
The Victorian Church: Part One 1829?1859
- Connolly, John R. (2005).
John Henry Newman: A View of Catholic Faith for the New Millennium
. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield.
ISBN 978-0-7425-3222-9
- Faught, C. Brad (2003).
The Oxford Movement: A Thematic History of the Tractarians and Their Times
, University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press.
ISBN 978-0-271-02249-9
.
- Gilley, Sheridan. (2002).
Newman and His Age
. London: Darton, Longman & Todd Ltd.
ISBN
978-0-232-52478-9
.
- Herring, George (2002).
What Was the Oxford Movement?
- Ker, Ian and Merrigan, Terrence (eds) (2009).
The Cambridge Companion to John Henry Newman
. Cambridge University Press.
- Kings, Graham
(2010).
"The Ambiguous Legacy of John Henry Newman: Reflections on the Papal Visit 2010"
Archived
2 Novemba 2010 at the
Wayback Machine
.
- Martin, Brian (2000).
John Henry Newman
. London: Continuum.
ISBN
978-0-8264-4993-1
.
- Strachey, Lytton
(1918).
Eminent Victorians
- Trevor, Meriol
(1962).
Newman: The Pillar of the Cloud
and
Newman: Light in Winter
(two-volume biography)
- Turner, Frank M
(2002).
John Henry Newman: The Challenge to Evangelical Religion
Archived
5 Desemba 2014 at the
Wayback Machine
.
. Yale University Press.
- Steven Aguzzi
(2010). John Henry Newman's Anglican Views on Judaism. Newman Studies Journal 7:1
[1]
- John Henry Newman (2006). James David Earnest; Gerard Tracey (whr.).
Fifteen Sermons Preached Before the University of Oxford
.
Oxford University Press
.
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