Frihandel

Frihandel ar handel som inte regleras av tullar , importkvoter eller andra liknande handelspolitiska atgarder . Motsatsen till frihandel ar protektionism . Anda sedan David Ricardo lanserade teorin om komparativa fordelar i borjan av 1800-talet har manga nationalekonomer foresprakat frihandel som ett ideal inom handelspolitiken. ^[
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Denna samsyn har gjort att debatten kring frihandel till stor del handlar om varfor den inte infors omedelbart overallt. ^[
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] Det svar som oftast ges, i enlighet med public choice -teorin, ar att vinsterna fran frihandel ar sma och utspridda pa manga medan de sarintressen som tjanar pa tullar ? exempelvis bonder i industrilander ? ar fa och har stor anledning att paverka den politiska processen for att gynna sig sjalva. ^[
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Frihandel forekommer bland annat mellan EU :s medlemslander. Det gar aven att betrakta handeln inom ett land som frihandel. De lander som har lagst tullar som andel av total utrikeshandel ar industrilander som EU-landerna, Kanada och Australien. Dessa tillampar dock mycket hoga tullar pa jordbruksprodukter och textilier. Utvecklingslander i Latinamerika, Afrika och Asien har hogre tullar, sarskilt historiskt. ^[
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Se aven [ redigera | redigera wikitext ]

Referenser [ redigera | redigera wikitext ]

^ "Nonetheless, since the time of Adam Smith economists have advocated free trade as an ideal toward which trade policy should strive." Krugman, Paul R. & Obstfeld, Maurice (2000), International Economics (femte upplagan, Harlow: Addison-Wesley), s. 218
^ "the quota imposed a loss of more than $1.6 billion on U.S. consumers ... How can such a thing happen politically?" "While the logic of collective action has long been invoked by economists to explain seemingly irrational trade policies, it is somewhat vague on the way in which organized interest groups actually go about influencing policy." Krugman, Paul R. & Obstfeld, Maurice (2000), International Economics (femte upplagan, Harlow: Addison-Wesley), s. 231
^ "The reason that a policy like the sugar quota can happen is that the sugar producers form a relatively small, well-organized group ..." Krugman, Paul R. & Obstfeld, Maurice (2000), International Economics (femte upplagan, Harlow: Addison-Wesley), s. 231
^ IMF (2001), "Global Trade Liberalization and the Developing Countries"
^ Medhora, Rohinton (2003), "Viewpoint: Tariffs and Trade Liberalization in Developing Countries" Arkiverad 30 mars 2010 hamtat fran the Wayback Machine ., International Development Research Centre

[1] "Nonetheless, since the time of Adam Smith economists have advocated free trade as an ideal toward which trade policy should strive." Krugman, Paul R. & Obstfeld, Maurice (2000), International Economics (femte upplagan, Harlow: Addison-Wesley), s. 218

[2] "the quota imposed a loss of more than $1.6 billion on U.S. consumers ... How can such a thing happen politically?" "While the logic of collective action has long been invoked by economists to explain seemingly irrational trade policies, it is somewhat vague on the way in which organized interest groups actually go about influencing policy." Krugman, Paul R. & Obstfeld, Maurice (2000), International Economics (femte upplagan, Harlow: Addison-Wesley), s. 231

[3] "The reason that a policy like the sugar quota can happen is that the sugar producers form a relatively small, well-organized group ..." Krugman, Paul R. & Obstfeld, Maurice (2000), International Economics (femte upplagan, Harlow: Addison-Wesley), s. 231

[4] IMF (2001), "Global Trade Liberalization and the Developing Countries"

[5] Medhora, Rohinton (2003), "Viewpoint: Tariffs and Trade Liberalization in Developing Countries" Arkiverad 30 mars 2010 hamtat fran the Wayback Machine ., International Development Research Centre

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