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Vula

Nga Wikipedia, enciklopedia e lire
Vula e qytetit Nachod - 1570
Nje vule dylli ne leter, Stema e Familjes Fonseca Padilla, Jalisco, Meksike.

Vula eshte nje pajisje per te bere shtypje ne dyll, argjile, leter, ose ndonje medium tjeter. Qellimi fillestar ishte te vertetonte nje dokument, nje mbeshtjelles, nje zarf modern, ose mbulesen e nje ene ose nje pakete qe mbante sende te cmuara ose sende te tjera me vlere.

Pajisja per krijimin e vules njihet si matrica e vules; gjurma qe krijon shtypja e vules ose vulosja . [1] Nese shtypja behet thjesht si nje shtypje qe vjen nga presioni i madh ne leter ku preken pjeset e larta te matrices, vula njihet si nje vule e thate  ; ndersa ne raste te tjera perdoret ngjyre ose nje medium tjeter i lengshem.

Disa juridiksione i konsiderojne vulat e gomes [2] ose fjalet shoqeruese te nenshkruara te specifikuara si "vule" ose "LS" (shkurtimi i locus sigilli , "vendi i vules") si ekuivalent ligjor, d.m.th. , per nje zevendesues po aq i efektshem per, nje vule. [3]

Disiplina shkencore e cila merret me studimin e vulave njihet si sigilografia ose sfragistika .

Shih edhe [ Redakto | Redakto nepermjet kodit ]

Referime [ Redakto | Redakto nepermjet kodit ]

  1. ^ New 2010, p. 7.
  2. ^ Notary Public Handbook . (2009). California Secretary of State, Notary Public Section. p. 7.
  3. ^ Vermont Statutes Title 1 § 134 (2008). Vermont Legislature.

Literatura [ Redakto | Redakto nepermjet kodit ]

  • Adams, Noel, red. (2007). Good Impressions: Image and Authority in Medieval Seals . British Museum Research Publications 168 (ne anglisht). London: British Museum. ISBN   978-0-86159-168-8 .
  • Ameri, Marta, red. (2018). Seals and Sealing in the Ancient World: case studies from the Near East, Egypt, the Aegean, and South Asia (ne anglisht). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN   9781107194588 .
  • Boardman, John (1972). Greek Gems and Finger Rings (ne anglisht). New York. {{ cite book }} : Mirembajtja CS1: Mungon shtepia botuese te vendodhja ( lidhja )
  • Chassel, Jean-Luc (2003). Sceaux et usages de sceaux: images de la Champagne medievale (ne frengjisht). Paris: Somogny. ISBN   2-85056-643-8 .
  • Cherry, John (1992). "The breaking of seals". Medieval Europe 1992: pre-printed papers: vol. 7: Art and Symbolism (ne anglisht). York: Medieval Europe 1992. fq. 23?27. ISBN   0952002361 .
  • Cherry, John, red. (2018). Seals and Status: power of objects . British Museum Research Publication (ne anglisht). Vell. 213. London: British Museum. ISBN   9780861592135 .
  • Collon, Dominique (1997). 7000 Years of Seals (ne anglisht). London: British Museum Press. ISBN   0-7141-1143-0 .
  • Grisar, Josef; De Lasala, Fernando (1997). Aspetti della sigillografia (ne anglisht). Rome. {{ cite book }} : Mirembajtja CS1: Mungon shtepia botuese te vendodhja ( lidhja )
  • Harvey, P. D. A.; McGuinness, Andrew (1996). A Guide to British Medieval Seals (ne anglisht). London: British Library and Public Record Office. ISBN   0-7123-0410-X .
  • Jenkinson, Hilary (1968). Guide to Seals in the Public Record Office . Public Record Handbooks (ne anglisht). Vell. 1 (bot. 2nd). London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office.
  • McEwan, John (2016). Seals in Medieval London, 1050?1300: A Catalogue . London Record Society Extra Series (ne anglisht). Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell & Brewer. ISBN   978-0-900952-56-2 .
  • Morris, David (2012). Matrix: A Collection of British Seals (ne anglisht). Whyteleaf. ISBN   978-0-9570102-0-8 .
  • New, Elizabeth (2010). Seals and Sealing Practices . Archives and the User (ne anglisht). Vell. 11. London: British Records Association. ISBN   978-0-900222-15-3 .
  • Pastoureau, Michel (1981). Les sceaux (ne frengjisht). Turnhout: Brepols.
  • Posse, Otto (1913). Die Siegel der deutschen Kaiser und Konige, von 751 bis 1913 (ne gjermanisht). Vell. 5. Dresden. {{ cite book }} : Mirembajtja CS1: Mungon shtepia botuese te vendodhja ( lidhja ) Accessible on Wikisource Arkivuar 14 shtator 2010 tek Wayback Machine
  • Schofield, Phillipp R., red. (2015). Seals and their Context in the Middle Ages (ne anglisht). Oxford: Oxbow. ISBN   978-1-78297-817-6 .
  • Schofield, P. R., red. (2016). Seals and Society: medieval Wales, the Welsh marches and their English border region (ne anglisht). Cardiff: University of Wales Press. ISBN   9781783168712 .
  • Whatley, Laura, red. (2019). A Companion to Seals in the Middle Ages (ne anglisht). Leiden: Brill. ISBN   978-90-04-38064-6 .
  • Yule, Paul (1981). Early Cretan Seals: A Study of Chronology . Marburger Studien zur Vor und Fruhgeschichte 4 (ne anglisht). Mainz. ISBN   3-8053-0490-0 . {{ cite book }} : Mirembajtja CS1: Mungon shtepia botuese te vendodhja ( lidhja )
  • ?ivkovi?, Tibor (2007). "The Golden Seal of Stroimir" (PDF) . Historical Review (ne anglisht). Belgrade: The Institute for History. 55 : 23?29. Arkivuar nga origjinali (PDF) me 24 mars 2018 . Marre me 30 qershor 2020 .
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