Odstre?ovacia pu?ka

Odstre?ovacia pu?ka ^[1] alebo ostre?ova?ska pu?ka ^{[
chyba zdroj
]} je pu?ka pou?ivana na presnej?iu stre?bu na dlhe vzdialenosti. Osoba, ktora pou?iva odstre?ovaciu pu?ku v armade, sa nazyva odstre?ova? (snajper, sniper).

Charakteristika [ upravi? | upravi? zdroj ]

Odstre?ovacia pu?ka je ove?a presnej?ia ako ostatne pu?ky . ^[2] Takmer v?etky odstre?ovacie pu?ky pou?ivaju pu?koh?ad , ktory umo??uje vidie? aj ve?mi vzdialene ciele. Existuju dva typy odstre?ovacich pu?iek: opakovacie pu?ky, ktore po ka?dom vystrele musi strelec znovu nabi?, ^[3] a poloautomaticke pu?ky, ktore vystrelia jeden naboj, ke? je natiahnuta spu??, a su automaticky pripravene na ?al?i vystrel. ^[3] Plne automaticke pu?ky strie?aju plynule, kym je natiahnuta spu??.

Typicky, opakovacie pu?ky maju dlh?i dostrel a su presnej?ie ako poloautomaticke pu?ky preto, ^[2] lebo musia by? po ka?dom vystrele znovu ru?ne nabite, a tak maju ni??iu kadenciu ako poloautomaticke pu?ky, ktore strie?aju tak rychlo, ako doka?e strelec rychlo stla?a? spu??. Na blizke vzdialenosti alebo v situaciach, kedy musi strelec strie?a? rychlo za sebou, mo?e da? odstre?ova? prednos? poloautomatickej pu?ke. ^[3] Priklady opakovacich odstre?ovacich pu?iek su M40 , R700 alebo M24 SWS . Priklady poloautomatickych odstre?ovacich pu?iek su M21 SWS , Dragunov alebo Barrett M82 .

Naboje [ upravi? | upravi? zdroj ]

Odstre?ovacie pu?ky pou?ivaju naboje kalibru od 5,99 mm nabojov .22 LR , ktore pou?iva mnoho malych pi?toli a? po kaliber 12,7 mm nabojov .50 BMG , ktore pou?iva gu?omet M2 Browning . Men?ie naboje ako .22 LR sa ?asto pou?ivaju na krat?iu vzdialenos?, zvy?ajne s tlmi?om. Naboj je prili? slaby a ma kratky dostrel nato aby zasiahol ?loveku podobne ciele. ^[4] Naopak, va??ie naboje ako .50 BMG su pou?ivane v ?a?kych odstre?ovacich pu?kach, ^[2] ktore sa ?asto pou?ivaju na zni?enie ?ahkych vozidiel a zariadeni. Pou?ivaju sa pri stre?be z ve?kych vzdialenosti nad 1,5 km. Pre be?ne bojove pou?itie su ve?mi drahe, objemne a na kratku vzdialenos? nepresne. ^[5]

Naboj	Maximalny efektivny dostrel ^[6]^[7]
7,62 × 39 mm	350 m
5,56 × 45 mm	550 m
7,62 × 51 mm (.308 Winchester)	800 m
7,62 × 54 mm R	800 m
.30-06 Springfield	800 m
7 mm Remington Magnum	900 – 1 100 m
.300 Winchester Magnum	900 – 1 200 m
.338 Lapua Magnum	1 200 – 1 500 m
.50 BMG (12,7 × 99 mm NATO) 12,7 × 108 mm (Rusky)	1 500 – 2 000 m
14,5 × 114 mm	1 800 – 2 300 m
.408 Chey Tac	2 300 m

Pozri aj [ upravi? | upravi? zdroj ]

Referencie [ upravi? | upravi? zdroj ]

↑ Odstre?ovacia pu?ka, Slovenska terminologicka databaza [online]. Bratislava: Jazykovedny ustav ?. ?tura SAV , 2008-06-23, [cit. 2014-08-13]. Dostupne online.
↑ ^a ^b ^c Modern Firearms - Sniper Rifles - Intro [online]. Guns.ru, [cit. 2008-10-01]. While the "true" sniper rifles usually are bolt action ones, to achieve maximum accuracy.... Dostupne online.
↑ ^a ^b ^c M110 Semi-automatic Sniper System [online]. Military Factory, [cit. 2008-10-02]. As a semi-automatic weapon with no bolt-handle to operate, the sniper need not be distracted with the operation of loading the next round into the chamber.. Dostupne online.
↑ Tactical Briefs, February/March 2000 [online]. Firearms Tactical, [cit. 2008-10-02]. Dostupne online.
↑ Eurosatory news [online]. Defense News, [cit. 2008-10-02]. Dostupne online. ^{[
nefunk?ny odkaz
]}
↑ Approximate maximum effective ranges of common cartridges when used in an adequately accurate rifle system with special long-range high accuracy ammunition at International Standard Atmosphere sea level conditions Common Calibers Used by Snipers
↑ The listed maximum ranges are mainly consistent with the claims made by military organizations and materiel manufacturers, but not based on consistent or strictly scientific criteria. The problem is only the bullet interacts with the target (can also be a materiel target for a sniper bullet). This implies that the properties of the target, properties and velocity of the employed bullet (parts) and desired effect are the most relevant factors.

Ine projekty [ upravi? | upravi? zdroj ]

Commons ponuka multimedialne subory na temu Odstre?ovacia pu?ka

Externe odkazy [ upravi? | upravi? zdroj ]

[1] Odstre?ovacia pu?ka, Slovenska terminologicka databaza [online]. Bratislava: Jazykovedny ustav ?. ?tura SAV , 2008-06-23, [cit. 2014-08-13]. Dostupne online.

[GunRu-2] Modern Firearms - Sniper Rifles - Intro [online]. Guns.ru, [cit. 2008-10-01]. While the "true" sniper rifles usually are bolt action ones, to achieve maximum accuracy.... Dostupne online.

[M110-3] M110 Semi-automatic Sniper System [online]. Military Factory, [cit. 2008-10-02]. As a semi-automatic weapon with no bolt-handle to operate, the sniper need not be distracted with the operation of loading the next round into the chamber.. Dostupne online.

[TacBrief-4] Tactical Briefs, February/March 2000 [online]. Firearms Tactical, [cit. 2008-10-02]. Dostupne online.

[DefNews-5] Eurosatory news [online]. Defense News, [cit. 2008-10-02]. Dostupne online. ^{[
nefunk?ny odkaz
]}

[6] Approximate maximum effective ranges of common cartridges when used in an adequately accurate rifle system with special long-range high accuracy ammunition at International Standard Atmosphere sea level conditions Common Calibers Used by Snipers

[7] The listed maximum ranges are mainly consistent with the claims made by military organizations and materiel manufacturers, but not based on consistent or strictly scientific criteria. The problem is only the bullet interacts with the target (can also be a materiel target for a sniper bullet). This implies that the properties of the target, properties and velocity of the employed bullet (parts) and desired effect are the most relevant factors.

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