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Noam Avram Chomsky

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Noam Avram Chomsky
americky lingvista, filozof a kognitivny vedec
Noam Chomsky v roku 2015
Noam Chomsky v roku 2015
Narodenie 7. december 1928 (95 rokov)
Philadelphia , Pensylvania , USA
Alma mater University of Pennsylvania
Podpis Noam Avram Chomsky, podpis (z wikidata)
Odkazy
Webstranka chomsky.info
Commons Spolupracuj na Commons Noam Avram Chomsky

Noam Avram Chomsky (* 7. december 1928 , Philadelphia , Pensylvania , USA ) je americky lingvista mentalistickej orientacie, filozof , kognitivny vedec , politicky aktivista a emeritny profesor jazykovedy na Massachusettskom technologickom in?titute . [1] Pova?uje sa za otca modernej jazykovedy a za veducu osobnos? analytickej filozofie . Od 60. rokov 20. storo?ia je znamy najma ako politicky disident , socialisticky aktivista a anarchista .

Chomsky je znamy aj ako povodca konceptu generativnej gramatiky a ako zakladate? generativizmu . Pod vplyvom marxistickej filozofie odmietol prirodzene charakteristiky re?i a jazyka ako povrchne a vyhlasil, ?e re? a jazyk sa ur?uju hlbinnymi ?trukturami, znamymi ako univerzalna gramatika. Tieto my?lienky zhrnul vo svojom diele Syntactic Structures ( slov. Syntakticke ?truktury ) vydanom v roku 1957 , ?o neskor vyustilo do konceptu transforma?nej gramatiky . Je aj povodcom Chomskeho hierarchie , ktora je klasifikaciou tried formalnych jazykov a patri?nych tried gramatik pod?a ich generativnej sily. Preto ho pova?uju za priekopnika teorie formalnych jazykov, ktora ma nezastupite?ne miesto v teoretickych zakladoch informatiky .

V oblastiach psychologie a jazykovedy Chomsky tvrdo kritizoval behavioristicke tendencie, ?im prispel k tzv. kognitivnej revolucii a vyrazne ovplyvnil filozofiu jazyka a mysle .

Od roku 1967 , ke? publikoval esej The Responsibility of Intellectuals ( slov. Zodpovednos? intelektualov ), v ktorej vystupil proti vojne vo Vietname , je Chomsky znamy ako politicky komentator, kritik zahrani?nej politiky Spojenych ?tatov , anarchosyndikalista a libertariansky socialista , pri?om sa v ich obhajobe opiera o idey obdobia osvietenstva . Chomsky tie? aktivne kritizuje kapitalisticke zriadenie a venuje sa analyze masmedii a propagandy .

?ivot [ upravi? | upravi? zdroj ]

Noam Chomsky sa narodil v ?idovskej rodine v rannych hodinach 7. decembra 1928 vo Philadelphii . Jeho otec, William Chomsky , bol znamy profesor hebrej?iny pochadzajuci z Ukrajiny . Jeho matka, Elsie Chomska, pochadzala z uzemia dne?neho Bieloruska .

Chomsky po?nuc rokom 1945 ?tudoval filozofiu , jazykovedu , a matematiku na Pensylvanskej univerzite . Tam bol ?tudentom Zelliga Harrisa , profesora lingvistiky, ktory Chomskeho silne ovplyvnil v jeho politickych nazoroch. Titul PhD. ziskal v roku 1955 . V jeho dizerta?nej praci sa za?ali rozvija? niektore z jeho lingvistickych my?lienok, ktore ?alej rozpracoval v knihe Syntactic Structures vydanej v roku 1957 .

Po ziskani doktoratu Chomsky devatnas? rokov u?il na Massachusettskom technologickom in?titute . Po?as tohto obdobia za?al verejne komentova? politicky ?ivot, ?o za?alo vznesenim namietok proti americkej intervencii vo vojne vo Vietname . Odvtedy je dobre znamy pre svoje ?avicove politicke nazory, predna?al o politike po celom svete a napisal na tuto temu nieko?ko knih.

Vyber z diela [ upravi? | upravi? zdroj ]

  • Syntactic Structures , 1957
  • Review of B. F. Skinner. Verbal Behavior , 1959
  • Current issues in linguistic theory , 1964
  • Aspects of Theory of Syntax , 1965
  • Topics in the Theory of Generative Grammar , 1966
  • Cartesian Linguistics: A Chapter in the History of Rationalist Thought , 1966
  • The Responsibility of Intellectuals , 1967
  • Language and Mind , 1968
  • Perspectives on Vietnam , 1969
  • American Power and The New Mandarins , 1969
  • At War with Asia , 1970
  • Notes on Anarchism , 1970
  • Two Essays on Cambodia , 1970
  • Problems of Knowledge and Freedom: The Russell Lectures , 1972
  • Conditions on Transformations , 1973
  • For Reasons of State , 1973
  • Counter-Revolutionary Violence ? Bloodbaths in Fact & Propaganda , 1973
  • Peace in the Middle East? Reflections on Justice and Nationhood , 1974
  • The Logical Atructure of Linguistic Theory , 1975
  • Reflections on Language , 1975
  • Intellectuals and the State , 1976
  • Human Rights and American Foreign Policy , 1978
  • Language and Responsibility , 1979
  • The Political Economy of Human Rights, Volume I: The Washington Connection and Third World Fascism , 1979
  • The Political Economy of Human Rights, Volume II: After the Cataclysm: Postwar Indochina and the Reconstruction of Imperial Ideology , 1979
  • Rules and Representations , 1980
  • Lectures on Government and Binding , 1981
  • Radical Priorities , 1982 (roz?irene vydanie 2003 )
  • Towards a New Cold War: Essays on the Current Crisis and How We Got There , 1982
  • Noam Chomsky on the Generative Enterprise. A Discussion with R. Huybregts and H. van Riemsdijk , 1982
  • Modular Approaches to the Study of the Mind , 1984
  • Turning the Tide: U.S. intervention in Central America and the Struggle for Peace , 1985
  • Pirates and Emperors: International Terrorism and the Real World. , 1986
  • The Race to Destruction: Its Rational Basis , 1986
  • Knowledge of Language , 1986
  • Barriers , 1986
  • The Culture of Terrorism , 1988
  • Language and Politics , 1988
  • Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy of the Mass Media , 1988 , 2002
  • Necessary Illusions: Thought Control in Democratic Societies , 1989
  • Terrorizing the Neighborhood: American Foreign Policy in the Post-Cold War Era , 1991
  • What Uncle Sam Really Wants , 1992
  • Chronicles of Dissent , 1992
  • Deterring Democracy , 1992
  • Letters from Lexington: Reflections on Propaganda , 1993
  • The Prosperous Few and the Restless Many , 1993 , 2003
  • Language and Thought , 1993
  • Rethinking Camelot: JFK, the Vietnam War, and U.S. Political Culture , 1993
  • World Order and Its Rules: Variations on Some Themes , 1993
  • Year 501: The Conquest Continues , 1993
  • Secrets, Lies, and Democracy , 1994
  • World Orders, Old and New , 1994
  • The Minimalist Program , 1995
  • Media Control: The Spectacular Achievements of Propaganda , 1997 , 2002
  • On Language , 1998
  • The Umbrella of US Power: The Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the Contradictions of US Policy , 1999
  • Latin America: From Colonization to Globalization , 1999
  • The New Military Humanism: Lessons from Kosovo , 1999
  • Profit over People: Neoliberalism and Global Order , 1999
  • New Horizons in the Study of Language and Mind , 2000
  • Propaganda and the Public Mind , 2001
  • 9-11 , 2001
  • Understanding Power: The Indispensable Chomsky , 2002 , 2003
  • Chomsky on Democracy and Education , 2002
  • Middle East Illusions: Including Peace in the Middle East? Reflections on Justice and Nationhood , 2003
  • Hegemony or Survival: America's Quest for Global Dominance , 2003
  • Objectivity and Liberal Scholarship , 2003
  • Imperial Ambitions: Conversations on the Post-9/11 World , 2005
  • Failed States: The Abuse of Power and the Assault on Democracy , 2006
  • Interventions , 2007
  • What We Say Goes: Conversations on US Power in a Changing World , 2007

Referencie [ upravi? | upravi? zdroj ]

  1. ↑ Chomsky, n. In: PIA?EK, Jozef; KRAV?IK, Milo?. FILIT : Otvorena filozoficka encyklopedia [online]. Bratislava: FMFI UK, [cit. 2022-06-17]. Dostupne online.

Ine projekty [ upravi? | upravi? zdroj ]

Externe odkazy [ upravi? | upravi? zdroj ]

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