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updated
.
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
(
August 2019
)
|
War in Afghanistan (2001?2021)
|
---|
Part of the
Global War on Terrorism
, and
the continuous
Afghanistan conflict
|
Taliban fighters in 2021
|
|
Belligerents
|
---|
Invasion (2001):
Northern Alliance
United States
United Kingdom
Canada
Australia
Italy
New Zealand
[1]
Germany
[2]
|
Invasion (2001):
Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan
[3]
al-Qaeda
055 Brigade
[4]
[5]
IMU
[6]
TNSM
[7]
ETIM
[8]
|
ISAF/RS phase:
Transitional Islamic State of Afghanistan
(2002?2004)
Islamic Republic of Afghanistan
(2004-2021)
Resolute Support
(2015?2021) (36 countries)
[9]
|
ISAF/RS phase:
Taliban
al-Qaeda
(
al-Qaeda in the Indian Subcontinent
(AQIS)
[12]
Taliban
splinter groups
|
RS phase (2015?2021):
ISIL?KP
[27]
|
Commanders and leaders
|
---|
Ashraf Ghani
Joe Biden
Boris Johnson
Scott Morrison
Mario Draghi
Angela Merkel
Kenneth F. McKenzie Jr.
John F. Campbell
|
Mohammed Omar
#
Akhtar Mansoor
†
Jalaluddin Haqqani
#
[31]
Obaidullah Akhund
†
[30]
Dadullah Akhund
†
[30]
Gulbuddin Hekmatyar
Osama bin Laden
†
Ayman al-Zawahiri
Asim Umar
†
Haji Najibullah
[32]
|
Shahab al-Muhajir
[33]
Hafiz Saeed Khan
†
Mawlavi Habib Ur Rahman
[34]
Abdul Haseeb Logari
†
Abdul Rahman Ghaleb
†
Abu Saad Erhabi
†
Abdullah Orokzai
(
POW
)
Qari Hekmat
†
Mufti Nemat
Dawood Ahmad Sofi
†
Mohamed Zahran
†
Ishfaq Ahmed Sofi
†
|
Strength
|
---|
Afghan National Security Forces
:
352,000
[35]
Resolute Support Mission
:
~17,000
[36]
Military Contractors:
20,000+
[37]
|
Taliban
:
60,000
(tentative estimate)
[38]
HIG
:
1,500?2,000+
[42]
al-Qaeda
:
~300
[43]
[44]
[45]
(~
3,000
in 2001)
[43]
IEHCA:
3,000?3,500
[15]
Fidai Mahaz
:
8,000
[32]
|
ISIL?KP:
3,500?4,000
(2018, in Afghanistan)
[46]
|
Casualties and losses
|
---|
Afghan security forces:
67,558?70,558+ killed
[47]
[48]
Northern Alliance:
200 killed
[49]
[50]
[51]
[52]
[53]
Coalition
:
Dead:
3,576
Wounded:
22,773
- United States: 19,950
[55]
- United Kingdom: 2,188
[56]
- Canada: 635
[57]
Contractors
Dead:
3,937
[58]
[59]
Wounded:
15,000+
[58]
[59]
Total killed:
73,295+
|
51,191+ killed
[47]
(2,000+ al-Qaeda fighters)
[43]
|
ISIL?KP:
2,400+ killed
[27]
|
Civilians killed:
47,960+
[47]
Total killed: 212,191+ (per
UCDP
)
[60]
|
a
The continued list includes nations who have contributed fewer than 200 troops as of November 2014.
[61]
b
The continued list includes nations who have contributed fewer than 200 troops as of May 2017.
[62]
|
|
---|
Airstrikes
Major insurgent attacks
2002–2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
Massacres
Other
|
The
War in Afghanistan
was a
war
fought by the
United States
, the
United Kingdom
,
Canada
,
The Netherlands
,
Australia
and other countries against the
Taliban
and
Al-Qaeda
, after the
terrorist attacks
against
the US
on September 11, 2001.
[63]
On 31 August 2021 (
local time
), the war
ended
as the last
coalition
soldiers (from foreign countries),
left Afghanistan
.
[64]
[65]
The war started when the US
invaded
Afghanistan
in 2001.
[66]
The US and its
allies
forced the Taliban and Al-Qaeda to hide. In December 2001, the US and its allies founded a new government for Afghanistan. Its president was
Hamid Karzai
.
By February 2002, 5,000 soldiers from
ISAF
(or
International Security Assistance Force
) were in Afghanistan.
[67]
That military force was led by
United States
. ISAF's soldiers were on
loan
from the militaries of
NATO
countries and allied countries. In 2012 ISAF was at its
maximum
: 130,000 soldiers (in Afghanistan).
[68]
In 2004 Hamid Karzai started as the first president of the
Islamic Republic of Afghanistan
.
[69]
Even though the Taliban had lost power, they formed a "shadow government".
Taliban insurgents
, or fighters, controlled many parts of Afghanistan, and enforced their own laws.
[70]
Osama bin Laden
was killed in Pakistan, May 2011.
British troops left Afghanistan in 2015, after 5 years of training the Afghanistan police to deal with threats from the Taliban.
[71]
After security deteriorated, American soldiers returned and over 10,000 were in the country at the end of 2017. In 2020, the US and NATO allies promised to leave Afghanistan as long as the Taliban agreed to certain things: not allowing terrorists to operate in its area, and starting peace talks with the Afghanistan government.
[72]
In mid-2021, the Taliban began a
military offensive
to enlarge their territory as US and allied forces began to leave. By August 15, 2021, the Taliban had
recaptured Kabul
and defeated the Afghan government.
[73]
An
anti-Taliban front
took control of the
Panjshir Valley
, in August 2021 but lost control later that year due to the
Taliban
sending its forces.
[74]
[75]
During the
2021 evacuation from Afghanistan
, over 150,000 people chose to to be taken out of Afghanistan; They were
diplomats
, other civilian
staff
, other civilians, and military staff.
[76]
[77]
The last military airplanes of the United States, left the airport in Kabul, one minute before 31 August 2021.
[78]
On 31 August 2021 (
local time
), the war
ended
.
[64]
More than 15,000 Coalition soldiers were wounded: 6,773 US,
[79]
3,954 UK,
[80]
[81]
1,500 Canadian
[82]
and over 2,500 other Coalition soldiers. 5,500 Afghan army soldiers and 200 Northern Alliance militants were killed in this war. 378 US civilian contractors were killed and 7,224.
- ↑
Crosby, Ron (2009).
NZSAS: The First Fifty Years
. Viking.
ISBN
978-0-67-007424-2
.
- ↑
"Operation Enduring Freedom Fast Facts"
.
CNN
. Retrieved
11 July
2017
.
- ↑
"News ? Resolute Support Mission"
. Retrieved
4 October
2015
.
- ↑
"The elite force who are ready to die"
. The Guardian. 27 October 2001.
- ↑
Neville, Leigh,
Special Forces in the War on Terror (General Military)
, Osprey Publishing, 2015
ISBN
978-1472807908
, p.48
- ↑
"Pakistan's 'fanatical' Uzbek militants"
. BBC. 11 June 2014.
- ↑
"Pakistan's militant Islamic groups"
. BBC. 13 January 2002.
- ↑
"Evaluating the Uighur Threat"
. the long war journal. 9 October 2008.
- ↑
"Resolute Support Mission (RSM): Key Facts and Figures"
(PDF)
.
- ↑
"Taliban storm Kunduz city"
.
The Long War Journal
. Retrieved
30 September
2015
.
- ↑
11.0
11.1
The Taliban's new leadership is allied with al Qaeda
, The Long War Journal, 31 July 2015
- ↑
https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/world/al-qaeda-operates-under-taliban-protection-un-report-721719
- ↑
Rod Nordland (19 May 2012).
"In Afghanistan, New Group Begins Campaign of Terror"
.
The New York Times
. Retrieved
25 June
2021
.
- ↑
Rod Nordland; Jawad Sukhanyar; Taimoor Shah (19 June 2017).
"Afghan Government Quietly Aids Breakaway Taliban Faction"
.
The New York Times
. Retrieved
6 September
2017
.
- ↑
15.0
15.1
15.2
Matthew DuPee (January 2018).
"Red on Red: Analyzing Afghanistan's Intra-Insurgency Violence"
.
Combating Terrorism Center
. Retrieved
18 February
2018
.
- ↑
"Central Asian groups split over leadership of global jihad"
.
The Long War Journal
. 24 August 2015
. Retrieved
27 August
2015
.
- ↑
"Who is Lashkar-e-Jhangvi?"
. Voanews.com. 25 October 2016
. Retrieved
2 June
2017
.
- ↑
"ISIS 'OUTSOURCES' TERROR ATTACKS TO THE PAKISTANI TALIBAN IN AFGHANISTAN: U.N. REPORT"
.
Newsweek
. 15 August 2017.
- ↑
"Report: Iran pays $1,000 for each U.S. soldier killed by the Taliban"
. NBC News. 9 May 2010.
- ↑
Tabatabai, Ariane M. (9 August 2019).
"Iran's cooperation with the Taliban could affect talks on U.S. withdrawal from Afghanistan"
.
The Washington Post
.
- ↑
https://www.tasnimnews.com/en/news/2021/08/13/2553606/iran-closes-consulate-in-mazar-i-sharif-as-fighting-escalates-in-northern-afghanistan
- ↑
Martinez, Luis (10 July 2020).
"Top Pentagon officials say Russian bounty program not corroborated"
. ABC News.
- ↑
Shams, Shamil (4 March 2020).
"US-Taliban deal: How Pakistan's 'Islamist support' finally paid off"
.
Deutsche Welle
.
- ↑
Jamal, Umair (23 May 2020).
"Understanding Pakistan's Take on India-Taliban Talks"
.
The Diplomat
.
- ↑
"Saudis Bankroll Taliban, Even as King Officially Supports Afghan Government"
.
The New York Times
. 12 June 2016.
- ↑
"China offered Afghan militants bounties to attack US soldiers: reports"
.
Deutsche Welle
. 31 December 2020.
- ↑
27.0
27.1
Seldin, Jeff (18 November 2017).
"Afghan Officials: Islamic State Fighters Finding Sanctuary in Afghanistan"
.
VOA News
.
ISSN
0261-3077
. Retrieved
18 November
2017
.
- ↑
"Uzbek militants in Afghanistan pledge allegiance to ISIS in beheading video"
. khaama.com.
- ↑
Effie Pedaliu
(16 August 2021).
"The Taliban's victory proves the West has failed to learn the lessons of the past"
.
LSE EUROPP
.
London School of Economics
. Retrieved
23 August
2021
.
;
- Barry, Ben (19 August 2021).
"Understanding the Taliban's military victory"
.
International Institute for Strategic Studies
. Retrieved
23 August
2021
.
; and many others, including:
- Saeed, Saim; Olivier, Christian (18 August 2021).
"Taliban victory in Afghanistan spells trouble for the neighbors"
.
Politico Europe
.
Politico
and
Axel Springer AG
. Retrieved
23 August
2021
.
- Willis, Halley; Triebert, Christiaan; Hill, Evan; Smith, Brenna; Khavin, Dmitrity (16 August 2021).
"What Scenes From the Taliban's Victory in Afghanistan Reveal"
.
The New York Times
.
A. G. Sulzberger
. Retrieved
23 August
2021
.
- Holleis, Jennifer; Hussein, Mehyeddin (18 August 2021).
"Taliban victory: A likely boost for Islamist extremists in the Middle East"
.
Deutsche Welle
.
Government of Germany
. Retrieved
23 August
2021
.
- Coffey, David (19 August 2021).
"Does the Taliban victory in Afghanistan mean the end of US global clout?"
.
Radio France Internationale
.
Government of France
through
France Medias Monde
. Retrieved
23 August
2021
.
- England, Andrew; Warrell, Helen; Manson, Katrina; Kazmin, Amy (18 August 2021).
"Taliban victory sparks concerns al-Qaeda could regroup"
.
The New York Times
.
Nikkei, Inc.
Retrieved
23 August
2021
.
- Mudassir, Malik (16 August 2021).
"Afghanistan: Life in Kabul after the Taliban victory"
.
BBC News
.
BBC
. Retrieved
23 August
2021
.
- Massaro, Chris (17 August 2021).
"With Taliban victory, Afghanistan could become the 'second school of jihadism'
"
.
Fox News
.
Fox Corporation
. Retrieved
23 August
2021
.
- Tharoor, Ishaan (18 August 2021).
"Pakistan's hand in the Taliban's victory"
.
The Washington Post
.
Fred Ryan
. Retrieved
23 August
2021
.
- ↑
30.0
30.1
30.2
"
'Afghan Taliban leader Mullah Omar is dead'
"
.
The Express Tribune
. 29 July 2015
. Retrieved
29 July
2015
.
- ↑
"
'The Kennedys of the Taliban movement' lose their patriarch"
.
NBC News
. Retrieved
19 March
2019
.
- ↑
32.0
32.1
"Mullah Najibullah: Too Radical for the Taliban"
.
Newsweek
. 30 August 2013
. Retrieved
22 August
2015
.
- ↑
"Who Is the New Leader of Islamic State-Khorasan Province?"
.
Lawfare
. 2 September 2020.
- ↑
Shalizi, Hamid (7 April 2018).
"Afghan air strike kills Islamic State commander"
– via www.reuters.com.
- ↑
"The Afghan National Security Forces Beyond 2014: Will They Be Ready?"
(PDF)
. Centre for Security Governance. February 2014.
- ↑
"NATO and Afghanistan"
.
NATO
. 6 July 2021.
- ↑
Peters, Heidi M.; Plagakis, Sofia (10 May 2019).
"Department of Defense Contractor and Troop Levels in Afghanistan and Iraq: 2007-2018"
.
crsreports.congress.gov
.
Congressional Research Service
. Retrieved
4 December
2019
.
- ↑
Akmal Dawi.
"Despite Massive Taliban Death Toll No Drop in Insurgency"
. Voanews.com
. Retrieved
10 August
2014
.
- ↑
Rassler, Don; Vahid Brown (14 July 2011).
"The Haqqani Nexus and the Evolution of al-Qaida"
(PDF)
.
Harmony Program
.
Combating Terrorism Center
. Retrieved
2 August
2011
.
- ↑
Reuters.
"Sirajuddin Haqqani dares US to attack N Waziristan, by Reuters, Published: September 24, 2011"
.
Tribune
. Retrieved
10 April
2014
.
- ↑
Perlez, Jane (14 December 2009).
"Rebuffing U.S., Pakistan Balks at Crackdown"
.
The New York Times
.
- ↑
"Afghanistan after the Western Drawdown"
.
Google books
. 16 January 2015
. Retrieved
13 August
2015
.
- ↑
43.0
43.1
43.2
"In Afghanistan, al-Qaeda is working more closely with the Taliban, Pentagon says"
. the Washington post. 6 May 2016.
- ↑
Bill Roggio (26 April 2011).
"How many al Qaeda operatives are now left in Afghanistan? ? Threat Matrix"
. Longwarjournal.org. Archived from
the original
on 6 July 2014
. Retrieved
10 April
2014
.
- ↑
"Al Qaeda in Afghanistan Is Attempting A Comeback"
.
The Huffington Post
. 21 October 2012. Archived from
the original
on 10 December 2013
. Retrieved
10 April
2014
.
- ↑
"S/2018/705 - E - S/2018/705 -Desktop"
.
undocs.org
.
- ↑
47.0
47.1
47.2
"Human and Budgetary Costs of Afghan War, 2001-2021"
(pdf)
. Retrieved
28 May
2021
.
- ↑
The New York Times
reported at least 1,558 security forces members and 715 civilians were killed in the period between 1 May and 5 August 2021.
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
- ↑
"Scores Killed in Fresh Kunduz Fighting"
. Foxnews.com. 26 November 2001
. Retrieved
2 October
2008
.
- ↑
Morello, Carol;
Loeb, Vernon
(6 December 2001).
"Friendly fire kills 3 GIs"
.
Post-Gazette
. Retrieved
2 October
2008
.
- ↑
Terry McCarthy/Kunduz (18 November 2001).
"A Volatile State of Siege After a Taliban Ambush"
.
Time
. Archived from
the original
on 30 May 2012
. Retrieved
2 October
2008
.
- ↑
John Pike (9 December 2001).
"VOA News Report"
. Globalsecurity.org
. Retrieved
9 February
2010
.
- ↑
"US Bombs Wipe Out Farming Village"
. Rawa.org
. Retrieved
9 February
2010
.
- ↑
"UK military deaths in Afghanistan"
. 3 November 2015 – via www.bbc.com.
- ↑
"U.S. Department of Defense"
(PDF)
.
U.S. Department of Defense
. Archived from
the original
on 6 July 2009.
- ↑
"Number of Afghanistan UK Military and Civilian casualties (7 October 2001 to 30 November 2014)"
(PDF)
.
www.gov.uk
. Retrieved
28 June
2017
.
- ↑
"Over 2,000 Canadians were wounded in Afghan mission: report"
. National Post
. Retrieved
1 February
2012
.
- ↑
58.0
58.1
"U.S. Department of Labor ? Office of Workers' Compensation Programs (OWCP) ? Defense Base Act Case Summary by Nation"
. Dol.gov
. Retrieved
2 August
2011
.
- ↑
59.0
59.1
T. Christian Miller (23 September 2009).
"U.S. Government Private Contract Worker Deaths and Injuries"
. Projects.propublica.org
. Retrieved
2 August
2011
.
- ↑
"UCDP - Uppsala Conflict Data Program"
.
www.ucdp.uu.se
.
- ↑
"International Security Assistance Force (ISAF): Key Facts and Figures"
(PDF)
.
- ↑
"Resolute Support Mission (RSM): Key Facts and Figures"
(PDF)
.
- ↑
"The U.S. War in Afghanistan"
. 12 September 2020
. Retrieved
27 October
2020
.
- ↑
64.0
64.1
"The last US military planes have left Afghanistan, marking the end of the United States' longest war"
. 30 August 2021.
- ↑
Afghanistan Live Updates: The United States Occupation Is Over
- ↑
"Afghanistan: Why is there a war?"
.
BBC News
. 10 August 2021
. Retrieved
17 August
2021
.
- ↑
ISAF in Afghanistan
Archived
12 June 2002 at the
Wayback Machine
CDI, Terrorism Project ? 14 February 2002.
- ↑
"NATO sets "irreversible" but risky course to end Afghan war"
.
Reuters
. 21 May 2012
. Retrieved
22 May
2012
.
- ↑
Neumann, Brian F. (2013).
Operation Enduring Freedom. March 2002-April 2005
. U.S. Army Center of Military History.
- ↑
Witte, Griff (8 December 2009).
"Taliban establishes elaborate shadow government in Afghanistan"
.
The Washington Post
.
ISSN
0190-8286
. Retrieved
17 August
2021
.
- ↑
"U.S. Department of Labor - Office of Workers' Compensation Programs (OWCP) - Division of Longshore and Harbor Workers' Compensation (DLHWC) -"
.
dol.gov
.
- ↑
"Afghanistan: Biden calls for end to 'America's longest war'
"
.
BBC News
. 14 April 2021
. Retrieved
17 August
2021
.
- ↑
Zucchino, David (16 August 2021).
"The War in Afghanistan: How It Started and How It Is Ending"
.
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.
ISSN
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. Retrieved
17 August
2021
.
- ↑
"Taliban say they took Panjshir, last holdout Afghan province"
.
AP News
. 7 September 2021
. Retrieved
27 March
2024
.
- ↑
"Taliban claims it has control of Panjshir province, resistance says the fight goes on"
.
France 24
. 6 September 2021
. Retrieved
27 March
2024
.
- ↑
"Afghanistan: How many people have been evacuated by each country?"
.
Sky News
. Retrieved
28 August
2021
.
- ↑
"Factbox: Evacuations from Afghanistan by country"
.
Reuters
. 27 August 2021
. Retrieved
28 August
2021
.
- ↑
https://www.reuters.com/world/india/rockets-fired-kabul-airport-us-troops-race-complete-evacuation-2021-08-30/
. Retrieved 31 August 2021
- ↑
"US casualties"
(PDF)
.
United States Department of Defense
.
- ↑
"Op Herrick"
. Archived from
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on 30 November 2012
. Retrieved
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2010
.
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http://www.mod.uk/NR/rdonlyres/03645441-065E-4E0A-9F62-B8AEBDAC8151/0/opherrickcasualtytablesto15june2010.pdf
- ↑
Wark, Bruce.
"1,580 Canadian soldiers injured and killed in Afghanistan"
.
The Coast Halifax
.