Voiced alveolar plosive

Voiced alveolar plosive
Voiced alveolar plosive
d
IPA number	104
Encoding
Entity (decimal)	d
Unicode (hex)	U+0064
X-SAMPA	d
Kirshenbaum	d
Sound
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The voiced alveolar stop is a type of consonant . The letter for this sound in the International Phonetic Alphabet is ? d ?. The X-SAMPA symbol for this sound is ?d? . The English language has this sound, and it is the sound represented by "d" in dear and desk .

Features [ change | change source ]

The airstream mechanism is pulmonic . This means that this sound is produced by pushing air solely with the lungs and diaphragm , as in most sounds.
The phonation is voiced. This means that the vocal cords vibrate while the sound is being pronounced.
The place of articulation (where the sound is produced) is alveolar . This means that this sound is produced with the tip of the tongue ( apical ) or the blade of the tongue at the alveolar ridge ( laminal ).
The manner of articulation (how the sound is produced) is stop , or plosive. This means that this sound is produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract. (The term plosive contrasts with nasal stops , where the blocked airflow is redirected through the nose.)

Examples [ change | change source ]

Language		Word	IPA	Meaning
Adyghe		д ахэ /daah?	[daːxa]	'pretty'
Assyrian		???? wer d a	[wεrda ]	'flower'
Bengali		?? ? /?ab	[d?ab]	'green coconut'
Catalan ^[1]		sus d it	[s?z?d?it?]	'said before'
Czech		d o	[do]	'into'
Dutch ^[2]		d ak	[d?k]	'roof'
English	Most speakers	d ash	[?dæ?]	'dash'
Finnish		si d os	[?sido?s]	'bond'
Greek		ντ ροπ? / d ropi	[dro??pi]	'shame'
Hebrew		? ??? / do'ar	[?do?.a??]	'mail'
Hungarian		a d o	[??doː]	'tax'
Kabardian		д ахэ / daah?	[daːxa]	'pretty'
Korean		아들 / a d eul	[?d?l]	'son'
Kurdish	Northern	d iran	[d??a:n]	'tooth'
	Central	???? / dadan	[dæda:n]
	Southern	???? /dian	[diːa:n]
Luxembourgish ^[3]		bru dd er	[?b??ud?]	'brother'
Malay	Standard (incl. Malaysian )	d ahan	[dahan]	'branch'
	Indonesian ^[4]
	Kelantan-Pattani		[dah?ː]
Maltese		d ehen	[den]	'wit'
Thai		??? / d?w	[daːw]	'star'
Welsh		d iafol	[djav?l]	'devil'
West Frisian		d oarp	[?dw?rp]	'village'
Yi		? / dd a	[da?]	'competent'
Yonaguni		?那? / d unan	[dunaŋ]	'Yonaguni'

Notes [ change | change source ]

References [ change | change source ]

Gussenhoven, Carlos (1992), "Dutch", Journal of the International Phonetic Association , 22 (2): 45?47, doi : 10.1017/S002510030000459X , S2CID 243772965
Gilles, Peter; Trouvain, Jurgen (2013), "Luxembourgish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association , 43 (1): 67?74, doi : 10.1017/S0025100312000278
Soderberg, Craig D.; Olson, Kenneth S. (2008), "Indonesian", Journal of the International Phonetic Association , 38 (2): 209?213, doi : 10.1017/s0025100308003320

[FOOTNOTERafel_Fontanals199914-1] Rafel Fontanals (1999) , p. 14.

[FOOTNOTEGussenhoven199245-2] Gussenhoven (1992) , p. 45.

[FOOTNOTEGillesTrouvain201367–68-3] Gilles & Trouvain (2013) , pp. 67?68.

[FOOTNOTESoderbergOlson2008210-4] Soderberg & Olson (2008) , p. 210.

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