United States Declaration of Independence
is an important
document
in the history of the
United States of America
. It was
ratified
on July 4, 1776. It says that the Americans were
no longer under British rule
. Instead, the
thirteen British colonies
came together to become a union of free and independent states. In the conclusion of the Declaration of Independence a quote was: "with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness."
Before 1776, the United States of America was not a country. The individual states were
colonies
of the
British Empire
. They were called British Colonies. This means that the
King
and
Parliament of Great Britain
ruled the Colonies. "Plundered our seas,..." meant that the founding Fathers blamed the British for the American Revolution.
During this time, many American people were angry at Great Britain. Many Americans did not like paying
taxes
to Great Britain when they did not have anyone to speak for them in
Parliament
. The American people wanted to be treated like British
citizens
.
Responding to actions taken by Great Britain, including the
Intolerable Acts
, the different colonies formed a
Continental Congress
to make decisions for all of the colonies. They met in the American city of
Philadelphia
. During a meeting of the
Second Continental Congress
, on June 11, 1776, they chose five people to write a document that would become the Declaration of Independence. These people were:
The Declaration of Independence
[
change
|
change source
]
The committee decided that one person would write the document, while the rest would give him advice on what to write.
John Adams
decided that
Thomas Jefferson
should write the document. He bought him a few drinks and told him that he was more qualified to write it because he was a Virginian and he was simply a better writer. Jefferson got to work.
[2]
In the Declaration, Jefferson starts by writing about people's
rights
, and what the
government
should and should not do. This part of the Declaration is called the Preamble. He then lists specific bad things that the British government did to the colonies. He says these included putting people in
jail
with no reason; making
taxes
that were too high; and not respecting people who lived in the colonies.
On July 2, 1776, the Continental Congress argued about the Declaration and made some changes to it. After making changes, they approved the Declaration. They declared their
independence
from the British Empire that day, at the
Pennsylvania State House
.
However, the Continental Congress did not
officially approve
the Declaration until July 4. On that day, twelve of the thirteen groups that represented the colonies approved and ordered the Declaration to be printed. (The Province of New York did not
vote
.) This version of the Declaration was signed only by the President of the Congress,
John Hancock
.
On July 15, the New York group agreed with the rest of the colonies' groups. This meant that everyone in the Congress agreed on the Declaration.
On July 19, the Declaration's title was changed from "A Declaration of the Representatives of the United States of America in General Congress assembled" to "the unanimous declaration of the thirteen United States of America."
Overall, 56 men signed the Declaration. However, some people signed at different times. Many people signed a
parchment
paper copy of the Declaration on July 2.
[4]
Many of these signers were not there when the original Declaration was adopted on July 4.
[4]
One signer,
Matthew Thornton
, from the
Province of New Hampshire
, signed on November 4, 1776.
[4]
The Declaration of Independence had many different effects.
When the King of Great Britain,
King George III
, and Parliament heard about the Declaration, they were angry. Great Britain and the people in America had already been fighting in a
war
called the
American Revolution
. America won the war, and in 1783 Great Britain had to recognize the
independence
of the new country, the United States, at the
Treaty of Paris
.
The people of America know that the Declaration of Independence is very important. Every year on July 4, they have a
holiday
called '
Independence Day
'. They celebrate this holiday to remember the day that the Declaration was approved, and the day that the United States of America became its own country. They often celebrate with
parades
,
fireworks
, and
songs
.
The Declaration of Independence also talks about the simple
ideas
that the people who started the United States believed in. It says that every person in this U.S. has the right to life,
liberty
, and the pursuit of
happiness
. It also says that the government has to listen to its own people. These things were what made America a
free
independent country.
Wikisource
has original writing related to this article:
The initial text says that a declaration of independence must be well-reasoned:
When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the
political
bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of
Nature
and of Nature's
God
entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.
The
preamble
of the declaration is the best-known part.
We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their
Creator
with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. ? That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, ? That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath shewn that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same Object evinces a design to reduce them under absolute
Despotism
, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such Government, and to provide new Guards for their future security.
We think these truths are obvious:
- That all men are created equally
- That their Creator gives them rights that cannot be taken away
- That these rights include the rights to life, freedom (liberty), and pursuit of happiness(property/wealth)
- That governments are created to protect these rights
- That governments have power only if the people they are governing agree that they do
- That whenever a government no longer protects these rights, the people it governs have a right to change or eradicate that government. They also have a right to create a new government that is more likely to protect their safety and freedom
- That governments which have existed for a long time should not be changed for small reasons. However, if a government abuses the people which they govern over and over again, the people have the right to get rid of that government, if they so choose.
The Declaration of Independence can be viewed at the National Archives Museum near the
National Mall
in
Washington, D.C.
[5]
- ↑
Becker,
Declaration of Independence
, 5.
- ↑
Thompson, Ben (June 2017).
Guts & Glory: The Amrican Revolutionary War
(First ed.). New York, NY: Little, Brown and Company, Hachette Book Group. pp. 1, 2, 105.
ISBN
9780316312073
.
- ↑
Wills,
Inventing America
, 348.
- ↑
4.0
4.1
4.2
The U.S. State Department (1911),
The Declaration of Independence, 1776
, pp. 10, 11.
- ↑
"National Archives Museum"
.
National Archives Museum
. Retrieved
2020-12-01
.
- Iggulden, Hal; Iggulden, Conn (2007). "The Declaration of Independence".
The Dangerous Book for Boys
. New York: HarperCollins. pp. 163?166.
ISBN
978-0061243585
.